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Wpływ opadów atmosferycznych na jakość wód w leśnych zlewniach potoków karkonoskich

Twarowski R., Marchlewska-Knych B.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

2002

R. 99, z. 5-Ś

45--54

Chemical compositions of surface waters are the result of mixing processes between different waters: from precipitation, from snow melting and ground waters. Additionally the chemical composition changed due to meteorological conditions also because of ways and extent of grounds developing on area of catchment. In forest catchments one of the main factor for quality of water were loads comingwith precipitation on surface of the area. After investigations was found that quality of outflowing waters depends on many factors those act unfavourably: dominant acid bedrock, acid soils, coniferous forest (acid forest bed), steep slopes and very high amount of precipitation. The study was based on results from monitoring the chemical compounds of precipitation waters done in period of six years (1995-2001). Observations that were conducted in stations: Jakuszyce, Przesieka, Karpacz and Śnieżka proved that quality of water in streams of forest catchment over Karkonosze Mts. are the effect of chemical pollution originate from precipitation waters. As materials for analyse have been taken loads of main pollution elements: acidic and biochemical, compounds, heavy metals and hydrogen ions (H+). Mentioned above analyses affirmed that concentration of prevailing chemical compounds and alsoincoming, loads were each next year considerably lower and precipitation waters were less acid. Despite of decreasing tendency of many pollution indexes the precipitation is still a significant source of water pollution in Karkonosze Mts. flowing waters. In paper was evaluated also a effects of precipitation loads on state of pollution level in flowing waters and compared amount of precipitation loads and loads of pollution in waters outflowing from study area at typical years. The last investigations were based on chemical analyses of samples taken in years 1995-2001 from followed Karkonosze Mts. streams: Łomnica, Podgórna and Kamienna.