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Efficiency of transport policies in EU countries

Bondar Nataliia, Strojny Jacek

Transport Problems

2025

T. 20, z. 2

197--209

Strengthening the national economy and ensuring competitiveness in international markets requires tools for objectively assessing the effectiveness of government policy. It is important to evaluate the economic effectiveness of transport policy in comparison with other countries. A conceptual approach is proposed for assessing the economic efficiency of state transport policy through the country’s transport performance indicators. The added value created in the transport sector per employee is proposed as an indicator of economic efficiency. The results of the transport sector’s activities are influenced by both macroeconomic factors and sectorspecific factors that impact its functioning and development trends. Therefore, to determine the effectiveness of a country’s transport policy, it is proposed to use clustering based on macroeconomic indicators and transport sector indicators. These indicators were selected based on their correlation with the value of added value created in the transport sector per employee. Four clusters of EU countries were formed. The clustering results obtained using Vard’s dendrogram were confirmed by the k-means grouping method. The clustering results showed that the distribution of countries across clusters differs when examining the impact of macroeconomic factors and the level of development in the transport sector. There are situations when countries in a stronger cluster in terms of macroeconomic indicators move to a cluster with average transport sector performance. Information on a country’s position among clusters and within a cluster, compared to other comparable countries in terms of transport sector performance indicators, will provide an objective assessment of the effectiveness of state transport policy. This confirms the thesis that transport policy implementation tools must be comprehensive and taken into account when developing programmes and strategies for the development of both the transport sector and other sectors or regions of the country. They must also take into account inter-sectoral links, the impact on the socio-economic well-being of the population and the security of the country. A generalized model for the formation of state transport policy is also presented, taking into account the results of an analysis of the achieved transport performance indicators and the identification of possible target indicators as well as the best practices of the cluster countries. The monographic method, abstraction, comparative analysis, statistical correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and graphical and analytical methods were used in the work. The information base was compiled through modern research by scientists in the field of the transport sector’s effective functioning, state transport policy, and official data from the Statistical Office of the European Union.