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Industry 5.0 as a new concept of development within high volatility environment: about the industry 5.0 based on political and scientific studies

Gajdzik Bożena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

255--279

EN

Purpose: the aim of the paper is to present the frameworks of Industry 5.0 in a labile environment. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, the notion of a dynamic environment was used, due to the speed of the changes taking place in economies and society, which could be anticipated and proactive measures taken. The pandemic, whose impact was experienced worldwide, changed the environment, which took economies, societies and businesses by surprise. Such an unpredictable, unstable environment is called environmental volatility. Design/methodology/approach: After COVID-19 instability has prevailed in many areas of human activities and societies, as well as in businesses and economies. The strongly popularised, for more than a decade, the concept of Industry 4.0 was transformed. In the new reality more important there were socio-economic and environmental problems. In the new concept called Industry 5.0 three aspects are important: human factors, resilience and sustainability. The above-mentioned aspects were included by the European Commission in the document: “Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European Industry”. The document was published in January 2021. The idea of Industry 5.0 refers to the concept of Society 5.0 in the labile environment after the COVID-19. The paper was realized based on the SLR method. The author used the bibliometrics of scientific publications about Industry 5.0 available in the scientific database Scopus. Findings: This paper presents the policy assumptions of Industry 5.0 based on studies from the political documents and scientific papers. The first scientific publications on Industry 5.0 were registered in scientific databases in 2016. Originality/value The presented frameworks of the Industry 5.0 based on literature review complemented (expanded) the understanding of the European development policy presented in the document: Industry 5.0. Towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry (European Commission, Brussels, Manuscript completed in January 2021).

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Human resources quality improvement from the perspective of Kaizen practice

Minh Nguyen Dat, Quyen Nguven Thi Hanh

Management

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2022

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Vol. 26, no. 1

144--164

EN

Kaizen has long been known as an improvement philosophy that starts with small frequent changes to make larger changes in production. These changes come from the ideas and creative thinking of employees to ensure that the production conditions and processes are continuously improved. However, Kaizen not only helps motivate employees to think creatively with effective methods and skills, but it also helps them develop their capabilities, personality, and good work habits. The purpose of this paper is to show a new approach to human resources quality improvement through the Kaizen philosophy as a sustainable and active strategy to improve work performance. With analytical research on the relationship between Kaizen implementation, human resources quality improvement, and production efficiency and exploratory research on particular cases in manufacturing enterprises in Vietnam, the authors point out changes in production efficiency and human capacity before and after implementing improvement (Kaizen) projects. The paper finds significant changes of employee capability (Kaizen practitioners) after evaluating the human resource development process on the basis of six indicators of two groups (namely capacity development, personality development) and a set of criteria using a 5-point scale. In addition, the paper proposes a PDCA based framework with 12 contents corresponding to stages of the human resource development. This paper extends theories related to Lean Manufacturing or Kaizen, highlighting how philosophy of Kaizen has hard and soft impacts on the improvement of performance and human resources.

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Information systems development and usage with consideration of privacy and cyber security aspects

Jabłoński Janusz, Robak Silva

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

547--554

EN

One of the contemporary problems, and at the same time a challenge, with development und usage of supply chain Information Systems are the issues associated with privacy and cyber security, which emerged due to new requirements of legal regulations and directives. The human factor belongs to the biggest risks within these issues. Leak of information, phishing, unauthorized access are the main problems. Also vulnerability of the systems due to new information technologies is an important topic. In this paper we discuss development and usage of Information Systems with regard to the security aspects associated to the software development lifecycle. We present our approach on examples of a user authentication process in logistics.

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Analysis of the correlation between personal factors and visiting locations with boosting technique

Song Ha Yoon, Yun JiSeon

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2019

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Vol. 18

743--746

EN

The paper analyzed the relationship between the person's fourteen characteristic factors and place to visit. The personal factors consist of personality, marital Status, final education, majors, religion, monthly income, commuting means and time, number of travel, use of SNS, time for SNS per day, life of culture. In addition, the analysis was done on which factors have the greatest impact. The analysis involved thirty-four participants and the boosting technique was used as a method of analysis. Personality data was obtained through the Big Five Factors (BFF), data for the rest of the factors were obtained through a self-created questionnaire. Location data was obtained through a Swarm application. For each location categories, the most effective factors were identified in this research.

5

Modelling and Simulation Method for Production Process Automation in Steel Casting Foundry

Kampa A., Gołda G.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

47--52

EN

The problem of production flow in steel casting foundry is analysed in this paper. Because of increased demand and market competition, a reorganisation of the foundry process is required, including the elimination of manual labour and the implementation of automation and robotisation of certain processes. The problem is how to determine the real difference in work efficiency between human workers and robots. We show an analysis of the production efficiency of steel casting foundry operated by either human operators or industrial robots. This is a problem from the field of Operations Research for which the Discrete Event Simulation (DES) method is used. Three models are developed, including the foundry before and after automation when taking into consideration parameters of the availability of machines, operators and robots. We apply the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) indicator to present how the availability, performance and quality parameters influence the foundry’s productivity. In addition, stability of the simulation model was analysed. This approach allows for a better representation of real production processes and the obtained results can be used for further economic analysis.

6

Ergonomics contribution in maintainability

Teymourian K., Seneviratne D., Galar D.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2017

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nr 3 (25)

217--223

EN

The objective of this paper is to describe an ergonomics contribution in maintainability. The economical designs, inputs and training helps to increase the maintainability indicators for industrial devices. This analysis can be helpful, among other cases, to compare systems, to achieve a better design regarding maintainability requirements, to improve this maintainability under specific industrial environment and to foresee maintainability problems due to eventual changes in a device operation conditions. With this purpose, this work first introduces the notion of ergonomics and human factors, maintainability and the implementation of assessment of human postures, including some important postures to perform maintenance activities. A simulation approach is used to identify the critical posture of the maintenance personnel and implements the defined postures with minimal loads on the personnel who use the equipment in a practical scenario. The simulation inputs are given to the designers to improve the workplace/equipment in order to high level of maintainability. Finally, the work concludes summarizing the more significant aspects and suggesting future research.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie wpływu ergonomii na łatwość konserwacji. Ekonomiczne wzorce, nakłady i szkolenia pomagają zwiększyć wskaźnik konserwacji urządzeń przemysłowych. Ta analiza może być pomocna, między innymi, do porównywania systemów w celu uzyskania lepszego projektu dotyczącego wymagań związanych z konserwacją, poprawy tej konserwacji w konkretnym środowisku przemysłowym oraz przewidywania problemów związanych z konserwacją, spowodowanych ewentualnymi zmianami warunków działania urządzenia. W tym celu praca ta na początku wprowadza pojęcie ergonomii i czynników ludzkich, łatwości konserwacji i wdrażania oceny pozycji ludzi, w tym kilka ważnych pozycji, w których przeprowadza się czynności konserwacyjne. Podejście symulacyjne jest wykorzystywane do identyfikacji krytycznej pozycji ciała personelu konserwacyjnego i wdrażania tych z minimalnym obciążeniem dla personelu, który wykorzystuje sprzęt w praktycznym scenariuszu. Dane wejściowe do symulacji są przekazywane projektantom aby poprawić miejsce pracy/wyposażenie w celu zapewnienia wysokiego poziomu konserwacji. Ostatecznie, niniejsze opracowanie kończą podsumowanie bardziej znaczących aspektów i sugestie dotyczące przyszłych badań.

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Analiza niezawodności człowieka-operatora w kontekście bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego

Piesik E., Kosmowski K. T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2016

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Nr 51

147--150

PL

Artykuł przedstawia niektóre kwestie analizy warstwowego systemu zabezpieczeń instalacji podwyższonego ryzyka z uwzględnieniem analizy niezawodności człowieka HRA (human reliability analysis). Działania człowieka operatora w odniesieniu do systemu operatorskiego HSI (human system interface), w tym systemu alarmowego i potencjalnych błędów człowieka mogą mieć istotny wpływ na wyniki analiz probabilistycznych w procesie weryfikacji poziomów nienaruszalności bezpieczeństwa SIL (safety integrity level). Wpływ ten może być analizowany przy użyciu wybranych metod HRA. W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ czynników ludzkich na prawdopodobieństwo błędu człowieka HEP (human error probability) korzystając z metod SPAR-H oraz HEART. Uzyskane wyniki HEP są analizowane dla wybranego scenariusza awaryjnego w kontekście rozwiązań bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego.

EN

The paper addresses some issues of the layer of protection analysis concerning an industrial hazardous plant taking into account results of the human reliability analysis (HRA). The functional safety analysis includes determining required safety integrity level (SIL) of safety functions proposed for hazards identified, based on the risk analysis results obtained and assessed regarding the risk criteria defined. The next step is to verify whether required SIL level is achieved using appropriate protection layers that include the safety instrumented system (SIS) of configuration considered in design to implement given safety function, using appropriate methods of probabilistic modelling. Human-operator activities in context of the humansystem interface - including the alarm system - and potential human errors, may have significant impact on the probabilistic results obtained. This impact is evaluated using appropriate HRA method or methods. In the paper the influence of human factors relevant to two HRA methods selected, i.e. HEART and SPAR-H, are evaluated. The results of the human error probability (HEP) obtained using these methods are discussed for an accident scenario considered.

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Layers of protection analysis in the context of functional safety management

Kosmowski K. T.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2011

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R. 57, nr 11

1452-1457

EN

This paper presents the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) to be taken into consideration during the design of programmable safety-related control and protection systems for a hazardous process installation. Some issues concerning the solutions of the basic process control system (BPCS), safety instrumented system (SIS) and alarm system (AS), and the role of human operator in abnormal situations are discussed in the context of requirements and criteria given in international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przybliża analizę warstw zabezpieczeń (LOPA) uwzględnianą podczas projektowania programowalnych systemów sterowania i zabezpieczeń związanych z bezpieczeństwem instalacji procesowej podwyższonego ryzyka. Przedstawia się problemy dotyczące rozwiązań podstawowego systemu sterowania (BPCS), przyrządowego systemu bezpieczeństwa (SIS) i systemu alarmowego (AS) oraz rolę człowieka operatora w sytuacjach nienormalnych w kontekście wymagań i kryteriów podanych w normach międzynarodowych IEC 61508 i IEC 61511. Niektórzy producenci sprzętu i oprogramowania do zastosowań w programowalnych systemach sterowania i zabezpieczeń obiektów/ instalacji podwyższonego ryzyka proponują integrowanie systemów BPCS i SIS w warstwie sprzętowej widząc określone korzyści takich rozwiązań, chociaż wskazują również na możliwe ich wady. Autor niniejszego artykułu zarysowuje szersze podejście do problemu w kontekście projektowania systemu alarmowego i analizy roli człowieka-operatora traktowanej jak warstwa zabezpieczeń. Proponuje się przyjęcie ostatecznego rozwiązania na podstawie dogłębnej analizie i ocenie ryzyka oraz analizie niezawodności człowieka, jeśli przewidziano zadania do wykonania przez człowieka w ramach rozważanej funkcji związanej z bezpieczeństwem. Zwraca się uwagę na konieczność uwzględnienia i właściwej interpretacji norm bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego i poradnika metodycznego LOPA.

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Czynniki ludzkie i analiza bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego

Kosmowski K. T.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2011

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Vol. 2, No. 3

53--60

EN

In this article some issues concerning the safety management in computerized complex hazardous plant are presented in the context of human factors. It has been shown that the risk of losses can be significantly reduced using appropriate technical solutions in the form of a layer protection system, which includes a basic process control system, human-operator and protection automatics. The significance of appropriate designing of interfaces including functions of the alarm system is emphasized. It will contribute to reducing the humanoperator error probability. The functional safety management, which includes the risk control in a life cycle of complex plant, should be carried out in relation to requirements associated with possible avoiding of software systematic failures in programmable systems and reducing the frequency of hardware random failures.

10

Analiza warstw zabezpieczeń w przemysłowych instalacjach podwyższonego ryzyka

Kacprzak P.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2011

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Vol. 2, No. 3

79--86

EN

In this article the Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA), as a technique for the risk evaluation relating to the hazardous industrial installations performance, is presented. The results of analyses are important in the terms of the safety management process in such installations. Based on obtained estimations the decisions might be undertaken which solutions to apply in order to mitigate the risk of hazardous installations performance to a tolerable level. The risk mitigation is provided by properly designed layers of protection, particularly the alarm system, treated as a part of protection layer. The alarm system should be designed and implemented with comprehensive consideration of the human factors. The role of the operator in hazardous installations is crucial mainly during abnormal and alarm situations in order to provide and/or recover system to normal or safety state. In the article some selected aspects of alarm systems designing process with special treating of human operator are outlined. Moreover, an example of the LOPA analysis for the accident sequence within a reaction container with consideration of human reliability analysis (HRA ) is carried out.

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The Effect of Contrasting Selected Graphical Elements of a Web Page on Information Retrieval Time

Stobińska M. E., Pietruszka M.

Journal of Applied Computer Science

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2009

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Vol. 17, nr 2

113-121

EN

As online presence plays an increasingly important role in corporate success, the high usability of a company’s website becomes one of its most valuable assets. The time required to reach the needed information, which plays a key role among the many factors that influence a website’s usability, depends to a significant degree on the site’s design. The perception of the visual aspects of design is in turn influenced by various so-called “visual means”. This term encompasses a range of methods, procedures or techniques of using elements of graphical design to achieve the desired effect, which should be applied according not only to the informational content of the site, but also to the designer’s overall vision, i.e. the graphical layout of the site. Therefore, it can be said that a usable website design is largely dependent on the site’s composition, understood as maintaining the appropriate relations between its form and content. One of methods for increasing the visibility of a given graphical element is highlighting its distinctness, difference from other elements. This method is called contrasting. This article presents the methodology and a discussion of the results of original research into the impact of contrasting chosen text elements on the home page of a website on the time needed by a user to reach the information "privileged" by such a procedure.

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Czynniki ludzkie w analizie rozwiązań bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego

Kacprzak P., Kosmowski K.

Bezpieczeństwo Przemysłowe

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2009

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T. 3

27-33

PL

Niniejszy artykuł opisuje wybrane zagadnienia związane z czynnikami ludzkimi uwzględnianymi w procesie projektowania warstw zabezpieczeniowych w obiektach podwyższonego ryzyka. W oparciu o własne propozycje oraz zasady zaproponowane w poradniku EEMUA 191 zarysowano sposób projektowania oraz użytkowania systemu alarmowego z uwzględnieniem analizy niezawodności człowieka HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) w ramach oceny bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego i redukcji ryzyka do poziomu akceptowanego za pomocą warstwowego systemu zabezpieczeniowego takiego obiektu.

EN

In this article some aspects related to human factors considered during the layer of protection designing process of hazardous plants are described. Based on own analysis and EEMUA Alarm Systems user.s guide some aspects that contribute to designing and managing of alarm systems with consideration of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) within the scope of functional safety assessment and the risk reduction to acceptable level by means of the layers of protection of such plant are outlined.