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Non-regulated emissions and particle number emissions of two passenger cars with diesel-butanol blends

Engelmann Danilo, Comte Pierre, Czerwinski Jan, Renz Stephan, Bonsack Peter

Combustion Engines

2020

R. 59, nr 4

29--38

Biofuels represent one of the alternatives to obtain the CO2 - neutral propulsion of IC-engines. Butanol, which can be produced from biomass, is considered and was investigated in the last years due to the very advantageous characteristics of this alternative fuel. Butanol can be easily and irreversibly blended both with light (gasoline) and heavier (diesel) fuels. Comparing with ethanol it has the advantages of: higher calorific value, lower hygroscopicity and lower corrosivity. It can replace the aviation fuels. This paper presents the emission results obtained on two diesel passenger cars with different technology (Euro 2 and Euro 6c) and with addition of butanol to diesel fuel, as a part of the research project DiBut (diesel and butanol). Interesting results are given about some non-legislated (non-regulated) components, acetaldehyde (MeCHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) and about the PN-emissions with/without DPF.

Transmission of ultrafine particles through separating systems of dust samplers

Skubacz K.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

2018

Vol. 17, iss. 2

48--55

In underground mines there is a radiation hazard associated with natural radioactive nuclides. The main sources of radiation exposure in Polish mines are short-lived radon decay products, radioactive mine water containing radium and the sediments precipitated from these waters. For miners, the most common hazard is usually the short-lived radon decay products. Aspirators, equipped with separation systems, are mostly used in order to control this hazard. Inside these aspirators there are meters which measure the radiation emitted by radioactive aerosols collected on the filter. The purpose of these systems is to remove particles from the air stream that do not form the respirable fraction. At the same time, however, a deposition of small-size aerosols takes place in them because of the high values of their corresponding diffusion coefficients. This excludes the possibility of their proper detection by radiation meters. In this paper, the transmission of particles up to 100 nm in size by the separating systems is evaluated. The evaluated transmission ranged from about 60% for sizes of 7 nm, reaching up to 95% at the boundary values of the tested range. The influence of the particle distribution of the aerosols on the radiation calibration coefficients was also investigated in a radon chamber, through their exposure to conditions where the air contained low aerosol concentrations of about 4.0×108 particles/m3 and also when it was nearly 100-times higher. In the first case, the measured sensitivity of the meters was about 20-30% lower, which was probably due to a higher number of small aerosols and, as a result, particle transmission decreased. However, at higher aerosol concentrations, the sensitivity of the meters remained practically the same, regardless of whether the air reached the filters by the separation systems or if they were omitted.