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Inhibitory effects of the brown macroalga Turbinaria ornata on cyst germination and progeny cells of five harmful dinoflagellate species

Mohamed Zakaria, Alamri Saad, Hashem Mohamed

Oceanologia

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2022

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No. 64 (1)

63--74

EN

This study investigates the inhibitory effects of thalli and their extracts of the macroalga Turbinaria ornata on the germination of dinoflagellate cysts, previously isolated from Red Sea surface sediments. The experiments were conducted on cysts of five harmful dinoflagellate species including Alexandrium catenella, Cochlodinium polykrikos, Dinophysis accuminata, Prorocentrum cordatum and Scrippsiella trochoidea. The results showed neither macroalgal thalli nor their extracts had direct impact on the cyst germination of all species. Instead, these macroalgal materials remarkably affected the germling viability and culturability of progeny cells of these cysts. Dry macroalgal thalli exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on germling viability and cell culturability (IC50= 0.235–0.543, 0.385–1.43 mg mL−1, respectively) than fresh thalli (IC50=2.201–4.716, 2.17–7.18 mg mL−1, respectively). The macroalgal ethanol extract was approximately 2-5 times more effective (IC50 = 0.012–0.047 and 0.024–0.089 mg mL−1, respectively) than aqueous extract (IC50 = 0.04–0.1 and 0.054–0.207 mg mL−1, respectively) against the germling viability and vegetative progeny cells of all cyst species. Among different species, A. catenella and C. polykrikos germlings were more sensitive to macroalgal thalli and their extracts than those of S. trochoidea, P. cordatum and D. acuminata. Meanwhile, progeny cells of A. catenella exhibited the highest sensitivity to all macroalgal materials. Our results suggest that the use of T. ornata may be a promising strategy for inhibiting the division of progeny cells of dinoflagellate cysts and impairing the recurrence of HABs in confined coastal areas.

2

Evaluation of glandular dose in mammography in presence of breast cysts using Monte Carlo simulation

Deevband Mohammad Reza, Kaveh Zeinab, Ghorbani Mahdi, Khajetash Benyamin

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 27, Iss. 1

41--50

EN

Background: Normalized glandular dose (DgN) is an important dosimetric quantity in mammography. Aim: In this study, the effect of the presence of breast cysts and their size, number and location on DgN is evaluated. Materials and methods: The effect of the presence of cysts in breast was examined using MCNPX code. This was performed by taking homogeneous breast phantoms containing spheroid breast cysts into account. The radius of the cysts, numbers of the cysts, and depth of the cysts, and their location were variable. Various electron energies were also considered. Finally, these results were compared with the results of a cyst-less breast phantom. Results: The results show that the effect of the presence of cysts in the breast depends on the size, number and location of cysts. The presence of cysts at lower depths leads to a decrease in the DgN values, compared to the breast phantom without cysts. The presence of cysts in the breast phantom has an effect of -7 to +14 percent on the DgN values under the conditions considered in this modeling. This effect is independent of the X-ray tube voltage, the breast phantom thickness, and glandular ratio, and depends only on the number and size and location of the cysts. The bigger radius and number of cysts, the greater effect on DgN value.

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Występowanie pasożytniczych pierwotniaków w basenach i innych obiektach rekreacji wodnej w Krakowie

Polus M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 1

107--109

PL

Wodę z 4 basenów kąpielowych i 4 zbiorników wodnych zlokalizowanych w Krakowie poddano badaniu na obecność pasożytów w okresie czerwiec-październik 2014 r. w odstępach dwumiesięcznych. W żadnym z poddanych badaniu krytych basenów nie stwierdzono obecności żywych, inwazyjnych form (cyst/oocyst) żadnego z trzech pasożytniczych pierwotniaków jelitowych, ale w większości przebadanych odkrytych kąpielisk regularnie wykrywano żywe oocysty Cryptosporidium sp. i sporadycznie cysty G. intestinalis.

EN

Water from 4 indoor swimming pools and 4 open recreational water reservoirs located in Cracow was analyzed between June and October 2014 at 2 monthly intervals. The presence of cysts/oocysts was detd. by using polymerase chain reaction and its modification. No detectable amts. of cysts/oocysts were found in the indoor swimming pools. The presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts was obsd. in all outdoor objects. The presence of cysts of Giardia intestinalis cysts was obsd. In 2 objects. The results of analyzes carried out in the following months were comparable to the previous ones.

4

≪Collost≫ in the surgical treatment of radicular cysts in maxilla

Maksimovitch E. V., Rachkov A. A.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2016

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Vol. 19, no. 138 spec. iss.

17

5

Alexandrium minutum cysts in sediment cores from the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Egypt

Ismael A. A., Khadr A. M.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (4)

721-731

EN

Alexandrium minutum cysts were studied in sediment cores from its type locality, the Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, following the disappearance of the species from the plankton since 1994. Three cores were sampled in the summer of 1999 along the north-south axis of the harbour. The sediments were subjected to grain size analysis and their organic carbon content was determined. The sediments consisted of medium, coarse and very coarse sand. Grain size and organic carbon content were negatively and significantly correlated in core 1 but followed a parallel trend in cores 2 and 3. Seven dinoflagellate cysts, representing 6 genera were identified from the cores. Their relative abundance showed a remarkable difference. A. minutum cysts contributed a maximum of 17.4% to the total cysts. The distribution profile of A. minutum cysts in the cores reflects the bloom duration but not its productivity. The cyst distribution in the cores is the resultant of two opposite processes, the sedimentation rate and the continuous erosion of the bottom sediments, which is not related to sediment texture.