W artykule przedstawiono wpływ rozmieszczenia kieszeni smarowych na eliminację błędu kształtu w pomiarach struktury geometrycznej powierzchni. Analizowano powierzchnie cylindrów po gładzeniu płaskowierzchołkowym, z dodatkowo wygniatanymi kieszeniami olejowymi. Wynikiem pracy było określenie wpływu rozmieszczenia wgłębień smarowych na parametry struktury geometrycznej powierzchni (według normy ISO 25178) po usunięciu błędu kształtu z wykorzystaniem popularnych algorytmów (takich jak: dopasowanie cylindra za pomocą metody najmniejszych kwadratów, aproksymacja wielomianowa n-tego stopnia, filtr odporny na błędy regresji Gaussa) i/lub innych procedur (takich jak filtracja tylko części nośnej powierzchni lub cyfrowe wypełnienie wgłębień).
EN
In this paper the influence of distribution of oil pockets on areal form removal in surface topography measurement was taken into consideration. Surface topography of plateau-honed cylinder liners with burnished oil pockets was analyzed. The effect of dimples distribution on surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 standard) after form removal by commonly used algorithms (cylinder fitted by the least square method, polynomials of nth degree, robust Gaussian filter) and/or other procedures (plateau-part filtering method, digital extraction of valleys) was taken into account.
In this paper the influence of oil pockets location on extraction of surface topography features was taken into account. Plateau-honed cylinder liners with additionally added dimples were taken in consideration. The effect of dimples location on the application of various procedures (cylinder fitting procedure, polynomial approximation) for areal form removal was taken into account. It was noticed that application of 3rd (or greater) degree of the polynomials can caused false estimation of reference plane; extraction of surface topography features by polynomial approximation cannot provide good results when the distance between dimples is too small. For two-process surfaces (plateau-honed cylindrical elements containing wide and deep valleys) the digital filtering was proposed. Application of robust techniques (robust Gaussian regression filter) allowed for areal form removal improvement. However, some of the wide dimples were distorted when the dimple-to-edge distance was too small (smaller than filter bandwidth value).
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W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyodrębniania szerokich wgłębień struktury geometrycznej. Wgłębienia zostały następnie wypełnione gładkim kształtem. Analizowano powierzchnie cylindrów silników spalinowych po gładzeniu płasko-wierzchołkowym zawierających dodatkowo wygniatane kieszenie smarowe. Badano parametry z normy ISO-25178.
EN
In this paper the method of extraction of wide valleys in surface topography measurement was presented. Deep valleys were then filled by a smooth shape. Surface topography of plateau-honed cylinder liners with burnished oil pockets was taken into consideration. Parameters from ISO-25178 standard were analysed.
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Zamieszczono analizę powierzchni wewnętrznej tulei cylindrowych po gładzeniu o topografii plateau (płaskowierzchołkowej) i ślizgowej, silników o zapłonie samoczynnym i pojemności 13 dm3. Silniki z tymi tulejami cylindrowymi spełniały wymagania norm czystości spalin EURO 5 oraz EURO 6. Gładzenie przeprowadzono w maszynie dwu- i trzywrzecionowej z zastosowaniem kilku zabiegów. Tuleje cylindrowe obrabiano odmiennymi osełkami z warstwą diamentową z odpowiednimi nastawami procesu.
EN
The analysis of micro-geometry of inner surface of cylinder liner after plateau and slide honing from compression-ignition engines and a capacity of 13 dm3 is given. Engines of the cylinder liners meet the requirements of exhaust emission EURO 5 and EURO 6. Honing was performed in two spindle and three spindle machines using several treatments. Cylinder liners were treated using different diamond sticks with the appropriate settings of the process.
There are many disadvantages affecting the accuracy of surface topography measurement and analysis. One of them are the errors obtained during data processing. Usually surface topographies of car engine parts are studied after form removal. Many algorithms and procedures were developed and suggested. However, the selection of reference plane with accordance to surface topography measurements of cylindrical elements was not fully recognized. In this paper least square fitting methods (cylinder, polynomial) and commercial filters (Gaussian filter, Gaussian regression filter and robust Gaussian regression filter) for areal form removal were compared and proposed. Three types of surfaces: cylinder liners after plateau-honing, plateau-honed cylinder liners with oil pockets created by burnishing techniques and turned piston skirts were analyzed. Distortion of surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 standard) according to improper selection of reference plane was also taken into consideration. It was assumed that least square fitted cylinder plane gave better results for both of type cylinder liners according to commonly used algorithm. However, for piston skirt surfaces the obtained results were very similar. For least square polynomial fittings it was found that applied method for cylinder liners gave usually better robustness for scratches, valleys and dimples occurrence. For piston skirt surfaces better edge-filtering results were obtained. It was also recommended to analyse the Sk parameters for proper selection of reference plane in surface topography measurements.
In this paper distortion of surface topography measurement results by improper selection of the reference plane is taken into consideration. The following types of surfaces from cylindrical elements were analyzed: cylinder liners after plateau honing, cylinder liners with additionally burnished oil pockets and turned piston skirts. Surface topographies of these elements after a low wear process were also studied. In order to obtain areal surface topography parameters, the form was eliminated using cylinders and polynomials of the following degrees: 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Parameters of surfaces after form removal were compared. After analysis of results the reference elements for each kind of surface were recommended. A special procedure was proposed in order to select the degree of a polynomial. This method is based on surface topography changes with increase of polynomial degree. The effect of improper form elimination on measuring uncertainty was studied.
W artykule przedstawiono problematykę nowych technologii w procesach produkcji tulei cylindrowych. Omówiono uwarunkowania będące stymulatorem ich rozwoju, przedstawiono tendencje rozwojowe na przykładzie prac autora w ramach projektów MAHLE: PSA-BMW, Mercedes ,platformy silników HDEP-DAF, VOLVO, Daimler AG i Daimler Trucks, Scania, MAN.
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The article presents the issues related to new technologies in the processes of cylinder liners. Discusses the factors which stimulated their development, presents trends in the Example of the author in projects MAHLE : PSA-BMW, Mercedes ,engines platforms HDEP-DAF, VOLVO, Daimler AG and Daimler, Truck, Scania, MAN.
Within this paper there have been presented selected issues concerning the endoscopic diagnostics of cylinder liners of marine diesel engines. The considerations have been focused on theoretical bases of normal wear and tear process of the cylinder liners in the aspect of identification, localization and genesis of the well known and recognizable operational unserviceable states. There have been also demonstrated selected results of endoscopic exams carried out on marine engines operated on the Polish Navy warships, concerning cylinder liners’ failures.
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The article presents the evaluation of the automotive diesel engine durability on the basis of a new, shortened laboratory test. The method of laboratory test consists of series of engine start-ups (starting series). This article presents results of measurements of cylinder liners wear according to the new method in comparison with long-term maintenance research methods of the same type of engine in vehicle.
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