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1

Wpływ nawożenia azotem na wybrane cechy wierzby krzewiastej w czteroletnim cyklu uprawy

Ignatowicz M., Styszko L.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2012

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Tom 14

370--379

EN

This experiment was conducted to assess regrowth of shoots of willow in the four-years-cycle of cultivation at different doses of nitrogen. At length, thickness and number of shoots in the carp, were most affected by years of willow shoots regrowth, less by variety, doses of nitrogen and time of measurement. Among the interactions of those features big importance have interaction between varieties and years of regrowth of shoots, between varieties and doses of nitrogen and years of regrowth of shoots and doses of nitrogen. The average of ten varieties of willow, longest and thickest stems were obtained at doses of 180 kg of nitrogen per hectare. Tested varieties of willow were characterized by different reactions to the doses of nitrogen in the analyzed features. The varieties 1047, Oloff and 1047D had the longest shoots and varieties Start and Ekotur - thickest shoots at the doses of 180 kg of nitrogen per hectare. Doses of 180 kg.ha(-1) reduced numbers of stems per carp.

2

Wpływ gęstości sadzenia na długość, grubość i liczbę pędów w karpie wierzby w czteroletnim cyklu uprawy

Borzymowska A., Styszko L.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2012

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Tom 14

481--490

EN

This experiment was conducted to assess regrowth of shoots of willow in the four-year cultivation cycle. Length, thickness and number of shoots in the carp were affected in the most by years of willow shoots regrowth, less by variety and time of measurement, and the least by density of cuttings planting. Among the interactions of these characteristics big importance has interaction between varieties and years of regrowth of shoots and between varieties and the density of cuttings planting. The average of the ten varieties of willow the longest and the thickest stems were obtained by planting 22,134 cuttings per hectare. Tested varieties of willow, were characterized by different reactions to the density of cuttings planting in the analyzed features. The varieties 1047D, Start and Ekotur had the longest and thickest shoots at the density of 15,020 units.ha -1, varieties Turbo, Oloff and Tordis - at the density of 22,134 pieces.ha-1, and varieties 1054 and Sprint - at the density 35,200 units.ha -1. For variety 1047 the longest shoots were at density of planting of 22,134 pieces.ha-1, but the thickest stems - at density of 35,200 units.ha-1. The biggest number of shoots in carp was at the density of 15,020 pieces.ha-1, except for varieties Ekotur, Oloff and Jorr.

3

Wpływ warunków uprawy na pozyskanie biomasy wierzby energetycznej w czteroletnim cyklu

Styszko L., Fijałkowska D., Sztyma M., Ignatowicz M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2010

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Tom 12

575-586

PL

Potrzeby biomasy w Polsce są bardzo duże. Szacuje się, że chcąc osiągnąć do 2020 roku 15% udziału energii ze źródeł odnawialnych w całkowitym bilansie energetycznym powinno pozyskiwać się jej ok. 17,5 mln ton suchej masy rocznie [4]. Elektrownie i elektrociepłownie będą potrzebowały biomasy ponad 8,3 mln ton rocznie. Potrzeby te w Polsce mogą być zaspokojone przy przeznaczeniu na ten cel powierzchni ok. 2 mln ha gruntów ornych o przeciętnej urodzajności. Obecnie na cele energetyczne przeznacza się grunty mało urodzajne, przez wiele lat odłogowane i położone na terenach, gdzie upraw rolniczych jest mało. Dla energetyki zawodowej najbardziej przydatne są różne formy paliwa stałego, pozyskiwanego z wieloletnich plantacji roślin energetycznych szybko odrastających, np. wierzby, topoli. Potrzeby tego sektora w zakresie biomasy stałej wymagają nasadzeń wierzby na powierzchni ponad 500 tys. hektarów, a tych jest obecnie w Polsce tylko 10 tys. hektarów. Dostarczanie biomasy do podmiotów skupujących i przetwórczychodbywa się w ramach umowy kontraktacyjnej w minimalnych ilościach odpowiadającemu tzw. plonowi reprezentatywnemu [10]. Konsekwencją niezrealizowania umownych dostaw biomasy na potrzeby energetyki są sankcje finansowe. W związku z powyższym, dla producenta biomasy wierzby ważna jest informacja o plenności uprawianych klonów wierzby. Celem badań była ocena plonu biomasy pędów w okresie drugiej, trzeciej i czwartej wegetacji wierzby w rejonie Koszalina, przy uprawie wierzby na glebie lekkiej, stosując różne systemy nawożenia organicznego i mineralnego.

EN

Providing biomass for collecting and processing companies is regulated by a cultivation contract in the minimum quantities corresponding to the so-called representative yield. The consequence of non-execution of contractual supply of biomass for energy are financial sanctions. Accordingly, for the manufacturer of willow biomass it is important to know about yield of cultivated willow clones. The aim of this study was to assess the yield of biomass of shoots during the second, third and fourth vegetation of willow in the region of Koszalin, at willow cultivation on light soil, using different systems of organic and mineral fertilization. The study evaluated the yield of willow in the four-year cycle in nine clones cultivated on light soil of class IVb-V, using compost from sewage sludge and different doses of fertilizer Hydrofoska 16. Nine clones of willow were planted in the first decade of April 2005 on the Technical University of Koszalin experimental field - in Kosciernica. In 2006 the strict experience of randomized sub blocks in the dependent system in three replications, where sub blocks of level I were four combinations of fertilizer, and level II - nine willow clones was established. Plot had an area of 34.5 m2 (2.3 x 15.0 m). Harvest the shoots was carried out from 1/3 of plot (11.5 m2) after second vegetation (February 2008), after third vegetation (February 2009) and after fourth vegetation (November 2009). In each year during the harvest of biomass, yield of fresh mass of shoots was measured. In the region of Koszalin in the growing season of willow (April-October) in the years 2006-2009 precipitation was 459-654 mm, at annual precipitation of 753-1062 mm. The relatively good supply of willow in rainwater, with deep groundwater level (950 cm), allowed to obtain satisfactory yields of fresh mass of shoots, from 21 to 67 tonnes per hectare. Applied fertilizer combinations significantly differentiated average yield of fresh biomass during years of willow cultivation, and the differences between them were steadily increasing over the years. Examined clones responded differently to fertilization with compost and Hydrofoska 16 fertilizer. Clone G did not react in the yield of fresh mass to the variable.fertilization. Clones C and D gave the highest yield on the objects 'c' with less mineral fertilizer and remaining clones (A, B, E, F, H and K) yielded most in objects'd', with the largest mineral fertilization.