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Development and chronology of the Late Jurassic shallow-water carbonate deposits of the Holy Cross Mountains area, central Poland

Wierzbowski Andrzej

Volumina Jurassica

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2023

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Vol. 21

39--82

EN

The Late Jurassic shallow-water carbonates with intervening clayey-marly deeper-water deposits in the Holy Cross Mts. area formed over large bank of the elevated part of the Northern Tethyan Shelf during about 12 myr. They comprise three main successions (I, II and III) deposited partly in different environmental conditions, controlled by tectonic and climatic factors, and still preserved in the north-eastern margin, the north-western margin and the south-western margin of the Holy Cross Mountains. The history of sedimentation is presented according to the concept of the large tectono-stratigraphic units COK, LUK and KVB, which owe their origin to variable rates of tectonic subsidence, as introduced by Kutek (1994) for the area of central Poland. The studied deposits of the COK megasequence cor- responding to the Upper Oxfordian and the Lower Kimmeridgian up to the Hypselocyclum Zone consist of coral limestones, various grained (including oolitic) limestones, and micritic limestones formed over the gradually enlarging shallow-water carbonate platform of the Holy Cross Mts. This platform was subsequently subdivided into two elevated areas, separated by a depressed zone in the middle, bounded by the Nowe Miasto–Iłża–Bałtów Fault Zone in the north-east and the Holy Cross Fault System in the south. The younger mega- sequence LUK with it strongly transgressive character marks the successive stages of the marine transgression which entered the central, lowered part of the area of the Holy Cross Mts. from the west, where it appeared already in the early Hypselocyclum Chron. It succes- sively spread across the Holy Cross Mts. area towards the north-east and south bringing everywhere the deposition of various oyster lu- machelles and marls with ammonites at the end of the Hypselocyclum Chron and during the Divisum Chron of the Early Kimmeridgian to the Acanthicum/Mutabilis Chron of the earliest Late Kimmeridgian. The following megasequence KVB is represented by the detrital lu- machelles and chalky limestones with nereineids of the Eudoxus Chron of the Late Kimmeridgian marking the development of still younger shallow-water carbonate platform in the uplifted areas in the north-eastern and possibly the south-western margins of the moun- tains, allegedly subdivided by a deeper area of sedimentation of marly deposits. The youngest Late Jurassic deposits of the Holy Cross Mts., are very fragmentarily preserved, mostly because of Early Cretaceous uplift and erosion. They suggest an initial episode of complete drowning of the carbonate platform which became covered by marly deposits during the Early Tithonian, and the subsequent restoration of shallow-water carbonate sedimentation at the end of the Early Tithonian.

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Cyclic sedimentation pattern in Lake Veetka, southeast Estonia: a case study

Saarse L.

Geologos

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2015

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Vol. 21, No. 1

59--69

EN

A sediment core from Lake Veetka, southeast Estonia, 1077 cm in length and covering 10,500 calibrated years, was examined using loss-on-ignition, grain-size distribution and AMS 14C dating to reconstruct depositional dynamics. The studied core, recovered from the northern part of the lake, shows a cyclic pattern of organic and mineral matter concentration with cycle durations of 100-400 years. Cyclicity is displayed better in sediments laid down between 9,200 and 5,600 cal BP. Within two time windows (5,600–5,100 cal BP and from 1,200 cal BP to the present), sediment composition changed drastically on account of a high and fluctuating mineral matter content, obviously driven by different factors. Little Ice Age cooling is characterised by the highest proportion of mineral matter, and the Medieval Warm Period is typified by high organic matter content. The cyclic change of organic and mineral matter has been related to climate dynamics, most likely an alternation of wet and dry conditions, changes in the water level of the lake and differences in bioproduction.

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The permutation test for testing the statistical significance of the power spectrum estimation in dendrochronological analysis

Krawczyk A.

Geochronometria

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2010

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Vol. 36

23-29

EN

The study presents a proposal of application of the statistical permutation test, known from other applications, for searching for the symptoms of cyclicity, in particular related to solar activity, in the annual growth sequences of trees. The test consists in generation of random sequences of the increment widths observed and comparison of their periodograms with the periodogram of the sequence analysed. This allows for evaluation of the significance of the individual frequencies in the total variability. The model calculations carried out indicate that in the studies on cyclicity in dendrochronological sequences satisfactory results could be obtained in the analysis of sets of the individual sequences (but not the chronologies produced from them). It is important to generate sufficiently high numbers (1000 and more) of random sequences and to apply relatively low significance levels (at 0.05, or even 0.01).

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Analiza szeregów czasowych obciążeń elektroenergetycznych na obszarach wiejskich

Nęcka K.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2007

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R. 15, nr 2

145-152

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę zmienności obciążeń elektroenergetycznych w głównych punktach zasilania zlokalizowanych na obszarach wiejskich. Sporządzono wykresy zmienności obciążeń dla różnych interwałów szeregu czasowego (roczne, miesięczne i dobowe). Wyznaczono miary zmienności obciążenia, które są pomocne w rozpoznaniu charakteru zjawiska, jak również w identyfikowaniu danych nietypowych. W szczególności wyznaczono: współczynniki nierównomierności, wypełnienia i zmienności. Przeprowadzono również analizę sezonowości badanych szeregów czasowych.

EN

Paper analyzed the variability of energetic loads in main points of power supply localized on rural areas. Diagrams of the load variability were prepared for different intervals of the time series (yearly, monthly and daily). The measures of loads' variability were determined, instrumental in recognition of the phenomenon character as well as in identifying the non-typical data. The coefficients of inequalities, fulfill ness and variabilities were determined in particular; the seasonal character of studied temporary time series was analysed, too.

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Trifour - program do analizy cykliczności sekwencji dendrochronologicznych

Krawczyk A.J.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2006

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T. 32, z. 2

141-152

PL

W artykule przedstawiono program TRIFOUR, przeznaczony do poszukiwania trendu oraz analizy cykliczności w sekwencjach dendrochronologicznych. Program akceptuje dane wejściowe zapisane w kilku formatach (m.in. TUCSON i CRN). Analiza może być prowadzona zarówno dla całej sekwencji, jak i dla pewnego jej fragmentu lub dla wielu fragmentów jednocześnie. Program oblicza współczynniki trendów wielomianowych, wykładniczych, potęgowych, hiperbolicznych i liniowych oraz trendy typu średnich ruchomych, a bieżące oszacowanie trendu może wykorzystać do przekształcenia analizowanej sekwencji w sekwencję indeksów dendrochronologicznych. W ramach analizy cykliczności obliczane są wartości empirycznej funkcji autokorelacji, periodogramu i gęstości spektralnej; dzięki opcji podziału sekwencji na odcinki o jednakowej lub dowolnej długości można śledzić ich zmienność w czasie. Zarówno same sekwencje, jak i wszystkie wyniki obliczeń są zapisywane na dysku w plikach graficznych lub/i tekstowych

EN

The paper presents the TRIFOUR software designed for trends and cyclicity analyses of dendrochronological sequences. The software accepts data written in several formats (e.g. TUSCON and CRN). Analysis can be run for the full sequence, for a selected fragment or simultaneously for several selected fragments of data sequence. The software calculates coefficients of polynomial, exponential, involute, hyperbolic, linear and moving-average trends. Current trend estimation can be applied to transformation of analyzed sequence into dendrochronological indexes sequence. Cyclicity analysis includes values of empirical correlation function, periodogram and spectral density. Sequence fragmentation into equal- or random-length parts enables recognition of their variability with the time. Both the sequences and all results are recorded into hard disc as graphic and/or text files

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Elementarne podejście do problemu cykliczności w zjawiskach klimatycznych

Walanus A., Prokop P.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2004

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Z. 1-2

57-69

EN

The paper presents an elementary approach to the problem of periodicity in climatic data. The basic method applied in this study is the Fourier analysis (FFT). The periodicity was searched on the basis of long term instrumental precipitation data for 46 European stations for the period of 1832-1992, and for W-E and N-E transects for the period 1864-1992. The evidence of cycles in the range 2 to 128 years was examined in terms of their being of natural variability of climate system, or the result of external forcing. The complexity of the climate system with large number of degrees of freedom, and the unstable nature of atmospheric circulation causing difficulties in distinguish real periodicity from noise. The result show that it is relatively easy to obtain quasi-periodicity in climatic data however it is very difficult to find them statistically significant. We can said that disturbances in climate system can produce a quasi-periodic response which behaves sometimes as an oscillation before disappearing back into the noise or appearing in other place and other time.

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Początek późnopaleozoicznego zlodowacenia Gondwany i jego zapis w polskich sukcesjach karbońskich

Skompski S.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 8

658-662

PL

Z porównania metod bezpośredniego i pośredniego datowania karbońskiego początku zlodowacenia Gondwany wynika, że najpewniejszym wskaźnikiem tego zdarzenia jest pojawienie się na południowym szelfie Laurussii specyficznego typu kontrolowanej glacieustatycznie sedymentacji cyklicznej. Spośród licznych obszarów tego szelfu z dobrze rozpoznanym zapisem sedymentacji względnie stabilne tektonicznie były obszary basenu lubelskiego i basenu Illinois (w przeciwieństwie np. do obszaru brytyjsko-belgijskiego i dnieprowsko-donieckiego). Analiza cykliczności w tych dwóch obszarach wskazuje, że początek zlodowacenia miał miejsce w brygancie (późny wizen). Wcześniejsza sedymentacja krótkookresowych cyklotemów (o przeciętnym okresie 100 000 lat), które pojawiły się w asbie, była prawdopodobnie wywołana przyczynami natury tektonicznej.

EN

Two specimens of Oslo rhomb porphyries find on the Wolin Island beach between Międzyzdroje and Grodno are extraordinary finds among the entire population of Scandinavian indicator erratics within glacial sediments in northern Poland. Only around 20 localities of erratics from Oslo have been noted in that part of Poland so far (Schulz, 1973). Unfortunately, the stratigraphy of the Wolin erratics is not known, because they have been found on the stony abrasion shelf at the foot of a cliff. The cliff itself consists of two separate till layers. The petrographical analysis of the lower bed of gray glacial till where rhomb porphyries had been found, point to distinctly north-western direction of an ice sheet advance (50 % of the entire population of erratics from sample 3 derive from western mother regions in the southern Baltic bottom). The analysed indicator erratics form the lower Wolin till represent the south-eastern Sweden and western part of the bottom of Baltic depression. The ice-sheet, approaching from the north, has transgressed on these outcrops before reaching the mother regions of Cretaceous limestones, which are located in the direct vicinity of the Wolin Island. The ample content of western erratics in sampled sediments of the Wolin cliff as well as the Oslo rhomb porphyries are of high interest. Have they come in icebergs (Benn & Evans, 1998, see Donner, 1995) or maybe their presence in glacial sediments should be connected with the Lagerlund's ice dome (1987, 1995)7 Schulz (2003) suggests a ship transport (as ballast stones). The planned detailed petrographical analysis on the Scandinavian erratics of the Wolin cliff should clarify the issue.

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Lofer-type cyclothems in the Upper Devonian of the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland)

Skompski S., Szulczewski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2000

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Vol. 50, no. 4

393-406

EN

Numerous horizons of carbonates changed by karstic and soil-forming processes have been recognised in upper part of the Frasnian carbonate succession in southern part of the Holy Cross Mts. These layers are included in peritidal cyclothems, characterised by mostly deepening upward pattern, similarly to the typical Triassic Lofer cyclothems. The irregular cyclothemic intervals are restricted to an interior part of the isolated, reef- and shoalrimmed Dyminy carbonate platform. The Lofer-type cyclicity correlates with syndepositional block-faulting and associated seismic shock induced features, recognised in marginal parts of the platform. The most appropriate explanation of cyclicity is differentiated, tectonically controlled subsidence of Dyminy platform, according to the stick-slip faulting model proposed by CISNE (1986) for explanation of deepening-upward cyclicity in Dachstein Formation