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CERP: a maritime cyber risk decision making tool

Erstad E., Hopcraft R., Palbar J. D., Tam K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2023

Vol. 17 No. 2

269--279

An increase in the complexity of systems onboard ships in the last decade has seen a rise in the number of reported maritime cyber-attacks. To tackle this rising risk the International Maritime Organization published high-level requirements for cyber risk management in 2017. These requirements obligate organisations to establish procedures, like incident response plans, to manage cyber-incidents. However, there is currently no standardised framework for this implementation. This paper proposes a Cyber Emergency Response Procedure (CERP), that provides a framework for organisations to better facilitate their crew’s response to a cyber-incident that is considerate of their operational environment. Based on an operations flowchart, the CERP provides a step-by-step procedure that guides a crew’s decision-making process in the face of a cyber-incident. This high-level framework provides a blueprint for organisations to develop their own cyber-incident response procedures that are considerate of operational constraints, existing incident procedures and the complexity of modern maritime systems.

Commercial Maritime and Cyber Risk Management

Rana Akash

Safety & Defense

2019

46--48

The starting point of the paper is the recognition of the growing threat of cyberattacks to commercial maritime. Constantly growing dependency on technology has obvious advantages, on the other hand, however, it makes commercial maritime vessels progressively more vulnerable to cyber-crime, including GPS signal interference, malware attacks or even gaining control over ships’ systems and networks. The main objective of the paper is to present and discuss the Guidelines on Cyber Security Onboard Ships developed by the International Maritime Organization, including best practices for implementation of cyber risk management. The article’s goal is to summarize the guidelines and to familiarize the reader with the reasons why and the methods how they should be implemented. The paper is concluded with an example how the Guidelines can be adopted by national authorities, i.e., a brief presentation of “Code of Practice: Cyber Security for Ships” – a document developed by the British government that transposes the IMO guidelines.

Instrument design for cyber risk assessment in insurability verification

Bartolini D. N., Ahrens A., Zascerinska J.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

2018

T. 8, nr 3

7--10

Cyber risk assessment for insurability verification has been paid a lot of research interest as cyber insurance represents a new dynamic segment of market with considerable growth potential for insurers. As customer’s practices and processes consistently lead to the final overall result, customer's behaviour has to be described in detail. The aim of the present paper is to design an instrument (questionnaire) for customer’s cyber risk assessment in insurability verification. The method for building an instrument (questionnaire) is empirical research. Empirical research is based on use of empirical evidence. A questionnaire with 11 questions is proposed.

Ocena ryzyka związana z bezpieczeństwem cybernetycznym jest przedmiotem dużego zainteresowania badawczego, ze względu na to, że bezpieczeństwo cybernetyczne stanowi nowy, dynamiczny segment rynku o znacznym potencjale wzrostu dla ubezpieczycieli. Ponieważ praktyki i procesy klienta w ciągły sposób wpływają na końcową ocenę, zachowanie klienta musi być szczegółowo opisane. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opracowanie instrumentu (kwestionariusza) do oceny ryzyka cybernetycznego klienta w ramach weryfikacji ubezpieczenia. Metoda budowy instrumentu (kwestionariusz) to badania empiryczne. Badania empiryczne opierają się na wykorzystaniu dowodów empirycznych. Zaproponowano kwestionariusz składający się z 11 pytań.