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1

Surface Topography and Tribological Properties of Cutting Tool Coatings

Niemczewska-Wójcik Magdalena, Madej Monika

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 6

39--48

EN

The surface topography formed during the technological process has an influence on the wear characteristics and modifies the surface topography of friction components during the operation process, including cutting tools. It is therefore important to carry out research to find the best material and construction solutions to increase their durability and reliability. The research and analysis covered selected coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN) applied to cutting tools for their anti-wear properties. The coatings were obtained through physical vapour deposition PVD. For the purpose of evaluating the tribological properties of the coatings, friction-wear tests were carried out in rotary motion on a ball-on-disc device (ball made of 100 Cr6 steel, discs made of SW7M steel coated with selected coatings) at a constant load (10N), under coolant lubrication conditions. Investigations of the surface topography before and after tribological tests were carried out on a confocal microscope. The friction coefficient and the amount of wear (wear track) of the coatings were shown to vary under the same operating conditions. The highest friction coefficient was obtained for the TiCN coating (0.199), while the lowest for the TiN coating (0.144) – the surface topography of the balls deteriorated (parameters Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku increased in value). The highest linear wear (281.1 µm) was obtained for the TiAlN coating (the coating was torn halfway through the test), where the ball surface topography has improved (lowered values of parameters Sq, Sz, Ssk, Sku, Spd, Spc).

2

Combined Effect of CrB2 Micropowder and VN Nanopowder on the Strength and Wear Re-sistance of Fe‒Cu–Ni–Sn Matrix Diamond Composites

Ratov Boranbay, Mechnik Volodymyr, Rucki Miroslaw, Gevorkyan Edwin, Kilikevicius Arturas, Kolodnitskyi Vasyl, Siemiatkowski Zbigniew, Umirova Gulzada, Chałko Leszek, Józwik Jerzy, Zhanggirkhanova Arailym, Chishkala Vladimir, Korostyshevskyi Dmytro

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 1

23--34

EN

The paper presents research results on the enhancement of diamond composites designed for tools application for mining industry, hard rocks cutting, able to withstand harsh conditions under heavy dynamical loads. In the present study, both CrB2 micropowder and VN nanopowder additives were used in proportions up to 5 wt.% and 6 wt.%, respectively, together with the basic matrix composition of 51 wt.% Fe, 32 wt.% Cu, 9 wt.% Ni, and 8 wt.% Sn. Addition of both components, CrB2 and VN, appeared to be ad-vantageous in proportion of 2 wt.% and 4 wt.%, respectively. This composition exhibited the highest relative density of 0.9968, better than that without additives. Similarly, the highest values of compressive strength Rcm and flexural strength Rbm were reached for the composite with the same percentage of CrB2 and VN. Compared to the composite with no addition of CrB2 and VN, Rcm improved by almost 70%, while Rbm by 81%. Additionally, the abovementioned additives enhanced the ability of the matrix to prevent the diamond reinforcement from being torn out of the composite, which is very important under harsh working conditions of the cutting tools. The presence of CrB2 micropowder and VN nanopowder promoted densification of the matrix and adhesion between the diamond grits and the Fe‒Cu–Ni–Sn matrix.

3

Zastosowanie systemu wizyjnego 2D do oceny zużycia krawędzi ostrzy narzędzi skrawających i ostrzy technicznych

Łukianowicz Czesław, Zawadka Wojciech, Rzepka Magdalena

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

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2022

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nr 7-8

16--21

PL

Krawędzie tnące ostrzy narzędzi skrawających oraz ostrzy technicznych podczas ich pracy podlegają procesom zużycia. Sprzyjają temu duże naciski jednostkowe, wysoka temperatura oraz znaczne wartości prędkości względnych przemieszczeń ostrza i materiału obrabianego.

EN

The paper presents the possibilities of using a simple 2D coordinate machine vision system for the measurements and quick assessment of the edge wear of cutting tool blades and technical blades. The edge wear of cutting tool blades intended for processing metal materials and technical blades used for wood processing were investigated. During the tests, the measurement results obtained with a 2D machine vision system were compared with the results obtained with the contact method.

4

Progress in structured and textured cutting tools. Part 1. New designs and methods of fabricating of structured and textured cutting tools

Grzesik Wit

Mechanik

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2022

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R. 95, nr 4

6--11

EN

This paper presents new designs of structured and textured working surfaces of cutting tools made of different materials such as HSS, uncoated and coated sintered carbides, and superhard materials (PCD and CBN). A review of applied fabricating techniques including: micro-grinding, micro-EDM, micro-ECM, laser surface technology (LST), focused ion beam (FIB) and photolithography is done. Some recently published data concerning research works in the area of fabricating micro-/nano-textures of different geometrical configuration and functionality are discussed.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nowe rozwiązania konstrukcyjne strukturyzowanych i teksturyzowanych powierzchni roboczych ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z różnych materiałów narzędziowych - stali szybkotnących, powlekanych węglików spiekanych oraz materiałów supertwardych (PCD i CBN). Dokonano przeglądu technik wytwarzania, w tym: mikroszlifowania, micro-EDM, micro-ECM, laserowej obróbki powierzchniowej, obróbki skoncentrowanym strumieniem jonów i fotolitografii. Omówiono wyniki ostatnio opublikowanych prac badawczych w zakresie wytwarzania mikro- i nanostruktur o różnej konfiguracji geometrycznej i funkcjonalności.

5

Experimental study of the wear behaviour of a metal carbide tool in turning by dimensionless analysis

Amier F.D., Belarifi F., Noureddine R.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 114, nr 1

5--12

EN

Purpose: In this article, we present the experimental results with a dimensionless analysis of the wear behavior of a metal carbide tool in a turning operation. Design/methodology/approach: The highlighting of the dimensional input and output parameters of the experimental tests to bring out the different adimensional parameters. Regarding the input parameters, we have the rotational velocity (N), the feed (f), the depth of cut (ap), the machining time (t). The output parameters are defined by the flow rate (DC), the volume of the used tip (VU), the face wear (VB), as well as the cutting power (PC) and that of the machine (PM). Findings: The dimensionless approach allowed us to find the desired cutting conditions as well as the possibility of working in ranges of cutting conditions for known wear, which is not possible with a dimensional analysis. It should be noted that the appropriate choice of these parameters was essential to achieve these results. Research limitations/implications: The existence of a working range proposed by this analysis leads us to the proposal of a model and a numerical optimization. Practical implications: This work offers the desired compromise of adequate cutting conditions during machining. Originality/value: Deduction of adequate cutting conditions with minimum wear. Among other things, we can extrapolate the results to offer us compromises in the choice of ranges of cutting conditions.

6

Analysis of Results of Non-Contact Coordinate Measurement of a Cutting Tool Applied for Mould Machining

Bazan Anna, Magdziak Marek, Jamuła Barbara

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

121--127

EN

One of the main problems of machining of moulds is the need for an effective monitoring system of wear of cutting tools. This paper presents the results of coordinate measurements of a cutting tool which were obtained by using the non-contact measuring system based on the ACCURA II coordinate measuring machine equipped with the LineScan laser measuring probe and the Calypso metrology software. Investigations were carried out for several measurement strategies including different measurement resolutions and scanning speeds. The results of the coordinate measurements obtained by using the above-mentioned coordinate measuring system were compared to the reference data measured by means of the InfiniteFocus microscope. The measurement results were analysed by means of two software packages: Focus Inspection and Zeiss Reverse Engineering. The point clouds measured by using the LineScan probe were characterized by the selected deviation statistics equal to 4-6 μm when a good match between measurement points and the reference data was obtained. Moreover, these statistics mainly depend on the measurement resolution. The results of the performed experimental research allowed for drawing conclusions concerning the significance of the effect of the adopted measurement strategies on the results of the non-contact coordinate measurements of the selected cutting tool. The application of the non-contact coordinate measurements to the above-mentioned measurement task may contribute to the development of regeneration methods for cutting tools applied for mould manufacturing.

7

Wytwarzanie i potencjalne zastosowanie powłok węglikowo-ceramicznych

Radek Norbert, Kalinowski Artur, Michalski Marek, Szczepaniak Marcin

Obróbka Metalu

|

2021

|

nr 4

24--31

PL

Przedstawiono rezultaty badań weryfikujących przydatność powłok węglikowo-ceramicznych w zastosowaniach narzędziowych. Badano powłoki WC-Co-Al2O3 oraz WC-Co-Al2O3/3TiO2 nanoszone elektroiskrowo na ostrza noży tokarskich oraz gwintowniki. Stwierdzono zróżnicowaną ich przydatność w obróbce skrawaniem.

EN

The results of investigations verifying the usefulness of carbide-ceramic coatings in tooling applications are presented. The WC-Co-AlO and WC-Co-AlO/3TiO2 electrodeposited on turning knife edgess and threading dies were investigated. Their usefulness in machining was found to vary.

8

Temperature Measurement of Modern Cutting Tools During Turning

Grochalski Karol, Jabłoński Piotr, Talar Rafał, Twardowski Paweł, Wieczorowski Michał, Jakubek Bartosz, Rukat Wojciech

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no 4

37--48

EN

The study presents the influence of the anti-wear coatings and the type of material from which the cutting tools are made of on the cutting temperature occurring on the tool. The cutting tools made of boron nitride and tungsten carbide composite were investigated. The methodology of measuring the cutting temperature using the thermoelement and thermovision techniques was presented. The results of the temperature measurements occurring on the cutting tool in the cutting zone were compared. The paper also presents a method of determining the effective emissivity of the tested tools, necessary for the correct temperature measurement using the non-contact method. The obtained data were interpreted and the relationships described, and then the results obtained were discussed.

9

Features of magneto-abrasive machining of taps

Maiboroda Victor, Tarhan Dmytro, Dzhulii Dmytro, Slobodianiuk Ivanna

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 1

1--7

EN

The features of magneto-abrasive machining of taps for metric thread cutting were investigated. The calculation method of integral intensity of the magneto-abrasive machining of the working surfaces of the taps by the quantitative values of normal and tangential components of moving speed of the quasi-stable volumes of the magneto-abrasive tool was developed. Based on the results of calculations, it was possible to predict the probable influence of the taps’ location in the working zone on the quality and efficiency of machining their working surfaces. The calculation method is relevant for taps of all diameters with a profile angle of 60°. The working surfaces of the tool would not be effectively machined if the location angle of taps to the plane of the working zone of the machine equals 20–60°. Depending on the expected major polishing or strengthening effect of magneto-abrasive machining, the taps are required to be located at an angle of 60–90° to the plane of the working zone of the machine.

10

Assembly and setup of untypical tools in CNC lathe

Bełzo Artur, Skoczylas Leszek

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2019

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nr 4

42--47

EN

In the paper, the possibilities of measuring and setup of cutting tools, using electronic microscope, were presented. The problem refers to applying the tools mounted in unconventional places of the machine tool workspace. In this case, standard measuring systems of cutting machines do not allow a correct measuring and setup of the tools. The presented method is characterized by a flexibility of placing of the mounted tool, high resolution and repeatability. Additionally, the discussed method allows checking the geometry and the state of wear of the cutting edge of the tool, e.g. the chipping of the blades.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano możliwości pomiaru i ustawienia narzędzi skrawających za pomocą mikroskopu elektronicznego. Problem dotyczy narzędzi montowanych w niekonwencjonalnych miejscach przestrzeni roboczej obrabiarki. W takim przypadku standardowe systemy pomiarowe obrabiarek nie pozwalają na prawidłowe mierzenie i bazowanie narzędzi. Przedstawiona metoda cechuje się elastycznością co do miejsca aplikacji, dużą rozdzielczością i powtarzalnością. Ponadto omówiony sposób pozwala na kontrolę geometrii i stanu zużycia krawędzi skrawającej np. pod kątem wykruszenia ostrzy.

11

Właściwości narzędzi pokrywanych azotkiem wanadu

Jemielniak Krzysztof

Mechanik

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2019

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R. 92, nr 5-6

364

PL

Pokrywanie narzędzi skrawających azotkiem wanadu (VN) cieszy się ostatnio dużym zainteresowaniem ze względu na szczególne właściwości tego materiału – tworzy on warstewkę samosmarującą o niskim współczynniku tarcia w temperaturze powyżej 500°C. Opracowano twarde pokrycia VN i przetestowano je podczas frezowania hartowanych stali.

12

The influence of WC grain size on the durability of WCCo cutting edges in the machining of wood-based materials

Wachowicz Joanna, Wierzbicka Klaudia, Czarniak Paweł

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2019

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No. 107

65--71

EN

WCCo cemented carbides are one of the basic materials used for tools. They consist of tungsten carbide in 70–96% and a binding warp – cobalt. High hardness of these materials determines their high resistance to abrasive wear. These properties predispose them to be used as a material for cutting tools. This study presents the results of tests on the durability of cutting edges made of WCCo composite of different WC grain in the machining of wood-based materials. The tests showed a several-fold increase of the durability of edges made of WCCo composite of grain size of 0.2÷0.5 μm compared to WCCo blades of WC grain size of 0.5÷0.8 μm and 0.8÷1.3 μm.

PL

Wpływ wielkości ziarna WC na trwałość ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z kompozytu WCCo w obróbce materiałów drewnopochodnych. Węgliki spiekane WCCo są jednym z podstawowych materiałów narzędziowych. Składają się one w 70–96% z węglika wolframu oraz z osnowy wiążącej - kobaltu. Wysoka twardość tych materiałów decyduje o ich wysokiej odporności na zużycie ścierne. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań trwałości ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z kompozytu WCCo o rożnej wielkości ziarna WC, w obróbce materiałów drewnopochodnych. Badania trwałości, wykazały kilkukrotny wzrost trwałości ostrzy wykonanych z kompozytu WCCo, o wielkości ziarna 0,2÷0,5 μm w porównaniu do ostrzy WCCo o wielkościach ziarna WC 0,5÷0,8 μm oraz 0,8÷1,3 μm.

13

Use of the theory of similarity in the study of cutting tool wear

Bezyazychny V. F., Szczerek M., Nepomiluev V. V., Kiselev Z. W.

Tribologia

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2018

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nr 1

7--10

EN

The paper highlights the methods to define wear intensity of cutting tools using the theory of similarity. The dimensionless numbers of the cutting procedures, which are necessary in calculating cutting tool wear intensity, are defined with regard to the cutting conditions, cutting tool geometry, and the physico-mechanical properties of the work stock and the tool materials.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metody określania intensywności zużywania narzędzi skrawających z wykorzystaniem teorii podobieństwa. Bezwymiarowe liczby dotyczące procesu skrawania, które są konieczne do obliczenia intensywności zużycia narzędzia tnącego, są wyznaczane w odniesieniu do warunków skrawania, geometrii narzędzia skrawającego i właściwości fizykomechanicznych materiałów obrabianych oraz materiału narzędzia.

14

Wpływ warunków wygładzania na efekty zaokrąglania krawędzi skrawających ostrzy z węglików spiekanych

Baczyński Sz., Cichosz P., Kuzinovski M., Tomov M., Urych A.

Mechanik

|

2018

|

R. 91, nr 10

868--870

PL

Przedstawiono genezę zaokrąglania krawędzi ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z węglików spiekanych. Zaprezentowano różne sposoby wygładzania krawędzi skrawających i metody pomiaru ich zaokrąglenia. Określono wpływ warunków wygładzania na intensywność i efekty zaokrąglania krawędzi.

EN

The origin of rounding cutting edges of machining blades made out of cemented carbides is presented. Various methods of cutting edge smoothing and rounding measurement are described. The impact of smoothing conditions on the intensity and effects of edge rounding is specified.

15

Technologia hybrydowa w produkcji indywidualnych implantów medycznych ze stopów tytanu

Styczyński A., Fogel K., Kołodziej W., Wróblewski J.

Mechanik

|

2018

|

R. 91, nr 8-9

775--777

PL

Przedstawiono efekt prac B+R objętych projektem pt. „Zaprojektowanie struktur powierzchni indywidualnych implantów medycznych wyprodukowanych w technologii hybrydowej z użyciem głowicy laserowej”, zrealizowanych w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Inteligentny Rozwój POIR.01.01.01. Udoskonalono technologię ubytkową obróbki implantów z medycznych stopów tytanu i opracowano technologię laserowej modyfikacji powierzchni implantu.

EN

The effect of R&D works covered by the project entitled „Designing the surface structures of individual medical implants, produced in hybrid technology using a laser head”, implemented as part of the Smart Growth Operational Programme No. POIR.01.01.01. The technology of waste machning of implants from medical titanium alloys has been improved and the technology of laser surface modification of the implant has been developed.

16

Dokładność procesu odtwarzania geometrii ostrzy skrawających w optycznych systemach pomiarowych

Burek J., Jamuła B.

Mechanik

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2018

|

R. 91, nr 10

856--858

PL

Przedstawiono analizę porównawczą dokładności dwóch optycznych systemów pomiarowych umożliwiających odtworzenie geometrii ostrzy narzędzia skrawającego. Do digitalizacji geometrii ostrzy narzędzia wykorzystano: mikroskop różnicowania ogniskowego Infinite Focus G4 firmy Alicona i skaner z niebieskim światłem strukturalnym Comet LƎD 2 firmy Zeiss.

EN

The comparative analysis of two different optical measuring systems enabling the reconstruction of the cutting edges geometry is presented. For research uses: focus-variation microscope Alicona G4 and professional 3D scanner Zeiss Comet LƎD 2.

17

Evaluation of cutting forces and temperature of iron-rich binder carbide tool in turning of titanium

Mahadevaiah C., Prasad S.

Engineering Transactions

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2018

|

Vol. 66, iss. 3

325--338

EN

The machining of titanium has been understood to be challenging and costly due to its material properties such as low thermal conductivity, low modulus of elasticity, high strength at elevated temperatures and chemical reactivity. This work aims to study the effect of iron as a partial substitution along with cobalt binder as the tool material for machining of titanium alloy. In this work, iron-rich binder tool (WC-Co-Fe) and cobalt binder tool (WC-Co) samples were produced by powder metallurgy route using powders with a mean particle size of less than 0.5 µm. Next, the evaluation of mechanical properties and phase analysis were performed. Turning experiments were conducted at various cutting speeds, feed and depth of cut (DOC), to evaluate the effects of iron-rich binder on flank wear, cutting forces and cutting temperature. The obtained results of turning experiments reveal that iron-rich binder tends to increase cutting performance in comparison to conventional WC-Co composite cutting tools.

18

Wear resistance of the cermet cutting tools after aluminum (Al+) and nitrogen (N+) ion implantation

Morozow D., Narojczyk J., Rucki M., Lavrynenko S.

Advances in Materials Science

|

2018

|

Vol. 18, nr 2(56)

92--99

EN

In the paper, the issue of the cermet cutting tools wear resistance was addressed. The tool inserts made out of cermet composites were exposed to the ion implantation with ions of nitrogen N+ and with combination of nitrogen N+ and aluminum Al+ ions. In order to assess the impact of the ion implantation, the samples of stainless steel EZ6NCT25 were turned with the standard cutting tools and with the inserts after ion implantation. The results in general confirmed better wear resistance of the ion implanted inserts. In particular, they performed 20-40% smaller friction. After some time, when the destruction of the implanted surface layer took place, the friction coefficient rose up to the value typical for non-implanted inserts. For the implanted inserts, the wear index VB appeared to be lower, and even visual assessment revealed distinguishably smaller wear than in case of tools without ion implantation.

19

Roughness of metal surface after finishing using ceramic brush tools

Salacinski T., Chmielewski T., Winiarski M., Cacko R., Świercz R.

Advances in Materials Science

|

2018

|

Vol. 18, nr 1(55)

20--27

EN

The paper describes processes of metal parts edges deburring and surface of metal samples polishing with ceramic tools based on fibre aluminium oxide. It presents the construction of basic types of tools and their practical industrial applications, and evaluates the influence of machining parameters on surface roughness. An important advantage of the used tools is the possibility of deburring and machining of external flat and shaped surfaces as well as internal surfaces and even deep drilled holes. These tools can be practically used for machining all construction materials. The results of machining of selected engineering materials, such as aluminium 5052 and 2017A, Inconel 718, non-alloy steel, in various variants of machining parameters are presented. The influence of machining parameters on machined surface roughness was described.

20

Narzędzia w procesach obróbki skrawaniem

Sałaciński T., Chrzan J.

Stal, Metale & Nowe Technologie

|

2017

|

nr 9-10

17--23

PL

W artykule poruszono zagadnienia związane z konstrukcją narzędzi skrawających we współczesnych procesach technologicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem materiałów narzędziowych, płytek skrawających, powłok, narzędzi modułowych, zespołowych, wielozadaniowych, mechatronicznych oraz narzędzi do obróbki kół zębatych. Wskazano trendy i innowacyjne rozwiązania konstrukcji narzędzi w odniesieniu do strategii wytwórczych, takich jak HSC (High Speed Cutting – skrawanie z dużymi prędkościami) oraz HPC (High Performance Cutting – skrawanie wysokoproduktywne).

EN

The article deals with issues related to the design of cutting tools in modern technological processes, with particular emphasis on tool materials, cutting inserts, coatings, modular tools, assemblies, multitasking, mechatronics and tools for gears. Trends and innovative tooling solutions for manufacturing strategies, such as HSC (High Speed Cutting) and HPC (High Performance Cutting), are indicated.