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Power properties of three-phase electric circuits and their misinterpretations by the instantaneous reactive Power p-q Theory

Czarnecki S.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2003

R. 79, nr 10

658-663

Description of power properties of three-phase circuits with sinusoidal voltages and currents in terms of various powers is the subject of the paper. Although one could expect that this description has been well established in electrical engineering for decades, the paper demonstrates that commonly used power equation could describe these properties erroneously. The study reported in this paper was focused on the Instantaneous Reactive Power p-q (IRP p-q) Theory, commonly used as a theoretical fundamental for control algorithms of switching compensators. Recently this Theory becomes an approach to identification and analysis of power properties of three-phase systems under nonsinusoidal conditions. The main features of the IRP p-q Theory are analyzed in this paper using the Theory of the Current's Physical Components (CPC), developed by the author of the paper. The paper demonstrates that results obtained from the IRP p-q Theory violate common interpretations of power phenomena in three-phase unbalanced systems with sinusoidal voltages and currents. Namely, it suggests the presence of a reactive current in supply lines of purely resistive loads, as well as, it suggests the presence of an active current in supply lines of purely reactive loads. Although all currents in such a situation are sinusoidal, the instantaneous active and reactive currents defined in the IRP p-q Theory are nonsinusoidal. Moreover, in spite of such suggestions, the Instantaneous Reactive Power p-q Theory is not capable of identifying power properties of three-phase loads instantaneously. A pair of values of instantaneous powers p and q does not allow us even to conclude whether the load is purely resistive, reactive, balanced or unbalanced.