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1
Content available Wykorzystanie właściwości kryształów w technice
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zastosowania ciekawych właściwości kryształów we współczesnej technice (układy scalone, radia kryształkowe, matryce LCD, lasery niebieskie i rubinowe). Wykonano zestawienie kilkudziesięciu materiałów krystalicznych i ich właściwości wraz z podaniem zastosowania.
EN
The article show interesting specificity of crystals in modern technique. (Matches integrated, crystal radio, LCD matrix, Blue and ruby lasers). We juxtaposition parameters and specifications of some crystal materials.
2
Content available remote Some effects of phase transitions on heat propagation
EN
We consider phase transitions in solids due to heat propagating through crystalline materials at low temperatures. These are considered in a steady state context where, at the transition temperature, the specific heat becomes singular and the heat conductivity has a maximum. Several consequences are found for the heat capacity having finite or infinite jump discontinuities.
EN
Nanocrystalline, ordered NiAl (n-NiAl) was successfully synthesized and compacted at various temperatures. The as-consolidated specimens exhibit grain sizes between 2 and 12 nm, a homogeneous chemical composition, and densities between 78 and 94% of the theoretical density, increasing with increasing compaction temperature. Microhardness of the n-NiAl increases with increasing grain size and density, above all as a result of reduced porosity following compaction at increasing temperatures. The present material is significantly stronger than its conventional countepart but not as strong as predicted by Hall-Petch-type modelling. Also, in the nanocrystalline form, NiAl exhibits room temperature ductility, unlike its coarsegrained countepart. The mechanical behaviour of n-NiAl can be rationalized assuming that diffusional - rather than location - mechanisms control strength and ductility of nanocrystalline materials.
EN
General characteristics of nanostructured permanent magnet materials is presented. The experimental data for Sm2Fe17N3 type magnets are shown. The materials were prepared by mechanical alloying, diffusion annealing and nitriding. The magnetic properties are discussed in the light of the processing parameters and material composition. The effect of nanostructure on the magnetic properties and Curie temperature has been proved. The influence of Co and Ga addition is also mentioned. Consolidation methods of nanocrystalline powders are proposed.
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