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1
Content available remote Zmodernizowany układ pomiarowy zbiornika LNG jako miejsce rozliczeń dostaw LNG
PL
Przedstawiono stosowaną w zbiornikach kriogenicznych stacji regazyfikacji LNG metodę pomiaru poziomu/ilości LNG na podstawie odczytu różnicy ciśnienia cieczy i ciśnienia w przestrzeni gazowej zbiornika, związany z tym problem dokładności pomiaru oraz możliwości stosowania takiego miernika jako urządzenia rozliczeniowego.
EN
The method of measuring the level/quantity of LNG based on the difference in liq. pressure and pressure in the gas space of the tank, the related problem of measurement accuracy and the possibility of using the meter as a billing device was presented.
PL
Wartykule przedstawiono wyniki prac koncepcyjno-obliczeniowych przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu wstępnego kompozytowego, średniociśnieniowego zbiornika kriogenicznego, przeznaczonego do przechowywania ciekłego metanu lub tlenu, przeznaczonego dla drugiego stopnia niewielkiej, dwustopniowej rakiety kosmicznej.
EN
The article presents the results of conceptual and computational work carried out in the framework of the preliminary design of composite, cryogenic, medium pressure tank, intended for the storage of liquid methane or oxygen, onboard a second stage of a small, two-stage space rocket.
PL
Podjęta w artykule tematyka związana jest z wdrożeniem do produkcji w ZACh Chemet S.A. w Tarnowskich Górach nowej generacji zbiorników kriogenicznych montowanych w kontenerach wg wymagań ISO. Konstrukcje zbiorników kriogenicznych, wykonywane są ze stali nierdzewnej zarówno ze względów wytrzymałościowych, jak i odporności chemicznej na działanie skroplonego gazu. Aby ograniczyć dostawanie się ciepła z zewnątrz, zbiornik kriogeniczny obudowuje się systemem izolacyjnym. Do tego celu stosuje się systemy wysokoefektywnej izolacji w kombinacji: próżnia, mata izolacyjna, ekrany promieniowania. Podstawowe elementy konstrukcji wykonano z wykorzystaniem technologii spawania. W tym celu przeprowadzono badania własne różnych technologii spawania ze względu na ich przydatność w temperaturze kriogenicznej. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia i badania przeprowadzone przy projektowaniu kontenera o długości 20 stóp przeznaczonego do transportu skroplonych gazów, takich jak: LNG, azot, CO2 i innych o podobnych własnościach.
EN
The subject matter of the paper is related to the implementation into production of cryogenic tanks of new generation installed in ISO containers in the ZACh Chemet Inc. Tarnowskie Góry. Construction of cryogenic tanks is made of stainless steel for both reasons: strength and chemical resistance to the condensed gas. In order to reduce the heat flow into the cryogenic tank it has been encapsulated within the insulation system. For this purpose, the highly efficient insulation systems are used, including: vacuum, insulating mats and radiation shields. The essential elements of the tank construction were made with the use of welding technology. Set of experiments were carried out in order to examine usefulness of welding methods at cryogenic temperatures. The paper presents selected issues and studies that were conducted in the design of the 20 foot container intended for the transport of liquefied gases such as LNG, nitrogen, CO2 and other, similar in properties.
4
Content available Transport and storage of LNG in container tanks
EN
The work presents issues with the structure and thermal calculations of mobile tank for transport and storage of LNG. A modern design of cryogenic tank container and stationery cryogenic tank is presented in the paper. Mobile cryogenics container tank has been designed for transportation of LNG as well as other liquefied cryogenic gases with the temperature down to -196 centigrade. The analysis included two types of logistics solutions: one involving the transport full container, which is removable from the vehicle and left in the workplace, and the second solution with reloading from mobile tank into simplified container tank or other mobile tank located in the workplace. Simplified container tank and mobile tank have been designed to storage some cryogenics gases as well as mobile container but without transportation of them. Modern and effective insulation materials were applied in the tank structure. Therefore, the liquefied cryogenic gases can be stored for a long time periods. Presented are selected depending on the extent of heat exchange in cryogenic conditions, as well as a model for FEM calculations of thermal insulation inside the tank and supports. Simulation results show the long storage times obtained for a simplified container which are close to the times obtained by stationary tanks, however a lot easier to transport without charge. Presented solutions and results of simulations may indicate, that depending on the requirements and considering manufacturing costs and operational conditions, the proper variant of the tank can be chosen.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie systemu SolidWorks Simulation Professional w badaniach symulacyjnych podpór dwupłaszczowych zbiorników kriogenicznych przeznaczonych do przechowywania skroplonych gazów, takich jak LNG, Azot i innych o temperaturze skraplania do minus 200oC. Zastosowane oprogramowanie okazało się użytecznym narzędziem, które pozwoliło na integrację projektowania i z modelowaniem przepływu ciepła przez podpory zbiornika.
EN
In this paper utilization of SolidWorks Simulation Professional system in research of cryogenic tanks supports is presented. The tanks are designed for storing liquefied cryogenic gases, as LNG, nitrogen etc., which condensation temperature is about minus 200 Celsius degrees. It appears that applied software is a very useful tool, which allowed to integrate design process with modelling of heat transfer through the tank supports.
6
EN
The subject of the presented paper concerns introduction a new generation of cryogenic tanks into production. The tanks were designed as container along with Chemet company. They are assigned for transporting and storing liquefied gases as nitrogen, LNG etc. Construction of a mobile tank requires two walls structure with insulation system between them containing layers of materials, radiation shields and the vacuum. One of the most important matters in design process was to design supports between inner and outer tank. The supports had to fulfill strength requirements as well as high heat transfer resistance. These two requirements are inconsistent as strength considerations lead to such a conclusion that the best materials should be steels. However, due to the very low heat transfer resistance, they cannot be used. A CosmosWorks system was used to carry out simulations of heat transfer with various kinds of insulation. The results of simulations were verified in experimental tests. As an effect, a satisfactory solution was found and introduced into production.
PL
Podjęta w pracy tematyka związana jest z wdrażaniem do produkcji w Chemet Tarnowskie Góry nowej generacji zbiorników kriogenicznych w postaci kontenerów przeznaczonych do transportu i przechowywania skroplonych gazów takich, jak azot, gaz ziemny, itp. Konstrukcja zbiorników tych kontenerów jest dwupłaszczowa z wewnętrznym systemem superizolacji zbudowanej z mat, ekranów promieniowania i próżni. Jednym z ważniejszych zadań przy projektowaniu zbiornika było stworzenie podpór wewnętrznych pomiędzy płaszczami, które są w stanie spełnić wymagania wytrzymałościowe oraz nie przewodzą ciepła. Wymagania te są sprzeczne z sobą. Wiadomo, że ze względów wytrzymałościowych najlepszymi materiałami byłyby stale, natomiast ze względu na przewodzenie ciepła nie mogą być brane pod uwagę. Do poszukiwania rozwiązań zastosowano oprogramowanie CosmosWorks, a uzyskane wyniki weryfikowano w badaniach doświadczalnych. W rezultacie uzyskano zadawalające rozwiązanie, które zostało wdrożone do produkcji.
EN
Interest in using of cryogenic gases is increasing recently. It particularly applies to LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), which is relatively inexpensive and environmental friendly. In the liquefied form this gas is highly compressed. One cubic meter of liquefied LNG can be expanded to 660 cubic meters of normal usable gas. At the atmospheric pressure, the liquefaction temperature of LNG is under minus 160 Celsius degrees. Therefore, there is a necessity to store it in a cryogenic tank. A system of reloading port terminals is built in several UE countries, as Spain, Italy. The LNG is delivered to these terminals using the adequately equipped ships. However, there are significant problems with delivering LNG to recipients not connected to the gas network directly. Delivering of liquefied LNG to recipients using the road or rail transport is one of the simplest solutions of this problem. This kind of transport is possible only with using suitable tanks with the adequate insulation and fulfilling the transport requirements. Many scientific research centers carry out investigations on high insulating-power materials. The problem to design and build universal container for road and rail transport was taken on by Cracow University of Technology together with the company Chemet from Tarnowskie Góry. Designed cryogenic tank is a two-walled construction with the vacuum between them. Distance between walls is provided by system of supporting blocks made of plastic. This paper presents problem of heat transfer between the walls through the supporting blocks. The investigations were carried out both: numerically, using the finite element method and experimentally, using the especially designed and built laboratory test stand, which allowed to determine heat transfer coefficient.
8
Content available remote Simulation of liquid dynamics in a cryogenic mobile vessels
EN
Technical gases becomes liquid in extremely low temperature ranging minus 200 °C and very high pressure what makes that transportation devices have to perform very strict requirement. Presented paper shows selected aspect of simulation of liquefied gas sloshing in aspect of requirements that mobile vessels have to fulfill. Mobile vessel which is the object of simulation is a two shell tank with vacuum and layer insulation between shells adapted to 20 ft container. It is assigned for see, railway and road transport and have to follow all of requirements for such transportation systems. Requirements for such tank are enclosed in standard ISO 1496-3 which deals with freight containers and standard EN13530-2 that describes vacuum, cryogenic vessels. The standards EN13530-2 defines that vessels which are to be filled equal or less than 80% should be fitted with surge plates to provide vessel stability and limit dynamic loads. Additionally surge plates area has to be at least 70% of cross section of the vessel and volume between surge plates shall be not higher than 7.5 m3. Structure of the vessel as well as the surge plate should resist of longitudinal acceleration of 2g. Additionally surge plates shall resists stresses caused by pressure distributed across the area of surge plate and the pressure shall be calculated as mass of liquid between plates and acceleration 2g. In this paper is presented way of simulation of dynamic behavior of liquefied Argon on vessel structure. A numerical methods like Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were used for this purpose. Combination of both tools allowed to get pick value of dynamic pressure that arising during acceleration of 2g, which was assumed is 0.2 s and investigate resistance of vessel and container structure. Presented approach is called Fluid – Structure Interaction simulation. In CFD simulation was used Ansys CFX code, while for FEA calculations Pro/Mechanica package.
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