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Dynamism patterns of western Mediterranean cruise ports and the coopetition relationships between major cruise ports

Esteve-Perez J., Garcia-Sanchez A.

Polish Maritime Research

2018

nr 1

51--60

The Mediterranean Sea has seen an increase of ports hosting cruise ships during the first fifteen years of the 21st century. The increase in cruise ship presence in Mediterranean ports is associated with the dynamism of cruise traffic in recent years, with an average annual growth of 7.45% for cruise passengers worldwide during the period of 1990-2015. Cruise traffic is a maritime business that is primarily composed of two elements, maritime affairs and tourism. This article focuses on the maritime component. With the growth of the cruise industry, cruise lines have been forced to seek new ports to meet demand in an attempt to create differentiated products based on the ports that compose the itinerary. The itinerary system of cruise traffic makes the cruise ports depend on one another to design an itinerary. This feature results in both complex geographic relationships in the design of a cruise itinerary and complex competitive/cooperative relationships between ports. The aim of this article is to present the hierarchic picture of a sample of 29 cruise ports in the Western Mediterranean region during the period of 2000-2015. To achieve this goal, a port size classification is proposed and a shift-share analysis at the inter- and intra-group size level is applied. Moreover, concentration measures are used to determine the changes in the levels of market concentration. Furthermore, a dynamic model is proposed to determine the competitive or cooperative relationships between cruise ports. The proposed model is applied to the largest ports with data from the 2001-2015 period.

Seaports Infrastructure in Poland for Handling Cruise Ships

Kizielewicz J.

Logistics and Transport

2014

Vol. 22, No. 2

37--48

In accordance with the report from 2013 of the Cruise Lines International Association Europe “the Baltic Sea is the largest segment in the Northern Europe market, generating capacity of around 4.85 million passenger nights in 2012 and around 5.14 million in 2013”1. In the Baltic Sea region, carriage of passengers on cruise ships take 10,2% share of the EU market.2 For several years, it has begun to detect the role and importance of cruise ship tourism in the Baltic Sea Region, what is seen in a number of initiatives for international cooperation within the framework of the projects of the European Union, such as i.e.: Seaside Project or Enjoy South Baltic, and associations as: Baltic Sea Tourism Commission or Cruise Baltic Northern Europe. The European Commission also supports the activities for development of cruise ship industry, for example thanks to organization of annual celebrity of the European Maritime Day dedicated to maritime and coastal tourism development, or even for creation of the program entitled European Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. However, in Poland, it has been registered a noticeable decline in the number of cruise ships calling at Polish seaports for several years3. There are lots of reasons of this phenomenon, but the lack of the infrastructure of dedicated terminals to handle cruise ships is one of the most essential. Moreover, a range of services delivered at these ports have also a huge influence upon the development of the cruise ship tourism market. The objective of this article is to evaluate the state of infrastructure of the seaports in Poland to handle of cruise ships and also presentation of investment objectives planned by seaports authorities. A little space was also dedicated to present the tourist offers prepared for cruise passengers visiting Polish seaports. The article also shows the results of surveys made in: Port of Gdansk Authority, Szczecin and Świnoujście Seaports Authority and also Port of Gdynia Authority. In addition, the ongoing and planned investments, having an impact on raising attractiveness and competitiveness of the seaports in Poland on the cruise ship tourist market of the Baltic Sea, have also been analyzed.