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Rheological studies of high-density fracturing fluid using high-density brine and carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) for high-temperature well condition

Raja Idris R.F.W., Rosli N.R., Mohammadian E., Hasan N.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 120, nr 2

49--59

EN

Purpose: This work investigated carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) as a potential base polymer for a fracturing fluid used in deep tight gas wells, synonym to high-temperature reservoirs. Fracturing is a common method to improve oil production by creating fractures in potentially productive reservoirs using fracturing fluids. Fracturing fluids are typically composed of water, sand, proppant, and many different additives to alter the capabilities of the fluid. Design/methodology/approach: A stable high-density fracturing fluid (HDFF) was developed to cope with scorching good temperatures up to 350°F (177°C)as well as to reduce the surface treating pressure. The HDFF consists of NaBr heavy brine, CMHPG, clay stabilizers, and zirconium and borate crosslinkers. A linear gel fluid was prepared by combining NaBr brine with CMHPG before adding the additives. The resulting fluid was then tested using a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) rheometer. Findings: The results showed that the performance of the HDFF was optimum in an alkaline environment between pH 10 to 12. The efficiency of zirconium and borate crosslinkers were optimum at 0.7 ppm and 1.5 ppt, respectively. Concentrations higher than these values are not only uneconomical but will cause the fluid to be overly crosslinked, consequently reducing efficiency. In actual field operation, this is disastrous when the fluid does not flow to the fracturing column but instead swirls around the drill string as the drill string rotates. On the other hand, a reduction of concentration below the optimum values can cause fluid instability at high temperature reservoirs. Research limitations/implications: The study was limited to using two different kinds of crosslinkers and various concentrations. Future studies can be conducted using other kinds of crosslinkers, as well as an investigation into the effects of varying temperatures, pressures, and pH on the HDFF using CMHPG. Practical implications: It can be concluded that HDFF using CMHPG as the base polymer can be a potential use in formulating fracturing fluids. Originality/value: Information on the rheological behaviour of HDFF using NaBr and CMHPG can provide a reference point for future scientists in developing a new formulation of fracturing fluid.

2

Modification of PP Fabric with Polyols by the Plasma Composite Technique

Ma Wen-Xiao, Hu Bing-Nan, Bai Yun

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Vol. 30, no. 2

90--98

EN

In order to endow polypropylene (PP) fabric with hydrophilic and antistatic properties, PP was grafted with polyols (sorbitol, maltitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG)) by the oxygen plasma treatment and subsequent bridging process, where ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) and trimethylolpropanetris (2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate) (TTMA) were used as crosslinkers. The highest grafting rate was 7.48%. The chemical structure changes were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the changes in polypropylene fiber surface morphology. The hydrophilicity was characterized by testing loose fiber suspension and moisture retention. The modified PP was more easily immersed in water and the desorption behaviour continued for 2h without equilibrium. The half-life of the grafted PP was reduced to 7s. The results showed that the modified PP with polyols possessed hydrophilicity and antistatic properties.

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Wpływ związku sieciującego na skurcz samoprzylepnych klejów silikonowych

Antosik A. K., Bednarczyk P., Czech Z.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 9

1956--1957

PL

Otrzymano samoprzylepne kleje silikonowe z różną ilością nadtlenku 2,4-dichlorobenzoilu, użytego jako związek sieciujący. Zbadano wpływ ilości tego związku na właściwości silikonowych klejów samoprzylepnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem skurczu filmu klejowego. Badania skurczu wykonano wg metody krzyżowej opracowanej w niemieckiej firmie BASF. Zwiększenie ilości środka sieciującego w kompozycji zwiększało kohezję i zmniejszało adhezję, kleistość oraz skurcz filmu klejowego.

EN

Silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives with various amts. of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (I) used as crosslinking agent were prepd. to study of its effect on shrinkage of the adhesive film. The tests were performed according to the cross-cutting German method. The addn. of I resulted increasing the cohesion and decreasing the adhesion, tack and shrinkage of the self-adhesive film.

4

Selected applications of cyclodextrin polymers

Kozlowska J., Kolodziejska M., Moryn S., Sliwa W.

Ars Separatoria Acta

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2012/2013

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No. 9/10

37--54

EN

The review consists of two parts. In the first part selected properties of CD polymers which are useful for their application are presented; their network and gelation properties, along with their adsorption capacities and stabilities, are described here. In the second part, various applications of CD polymers of commercial interest, as well those which are promising in the medicinal field, are shown.