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Remote sensing data: A perfecttool for solving geological and geoenvironmental cross-border issues

Graniczny M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2004

Vol. 52, nr 8/2

731-737

Selected examples of the application of remote sensing data for geological and geoenvironmental investigations in the cross-border area are presented. These projects have been performed by the Polish Geological Institute in the international co-operation with the neighbouring countries partners, mainly geological surveys. To define the land use and trace its changes in the Polish–Lithuanian cross-border area two Landsat satellite images have been acquired of 1979 and of 1992. It is noteworthy that in the period between 1979 and 1992 cultivated lands in Lithuania decreased by nearly 20%, while in the Polish part, cultivated land area increased by almost about 3%. The Polish Geological Institute and the BGR (Geological Survey of Germany) started common studies in the Odra valley in the beginning of the 1990s. The multitemporal Landsat TM images, satellite radar data and aerial photos were widely used for mapping purposes. By using satellite information (optical and microwave), local authorities, civil defense units and insurance companies received one more tool to monitor flood events in 1997 and to assess the damages. In the regional scale, the satellite images could be also useful for landslide studies. With these images recognition of unstable terrain where slides occur could be possible. Such analysis is enriched when satellite images are applied together with DTM. Satellite images could be also useful for monitoring of land surface changes related to landslides activity. Several test sites for landslide risk monitoring have been established in the Carpathian Mountains in Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic TerraFirma is one of the projects being run by the European Space Agency (ESA) under the GMES initiative. The Sosnowiec case study realized within this initiative and examples from other 17 European cities have indicated that the geological application of PSInSAR are evident for monitoring subsidence in relation to mining and tunnelling, climate change-driven shrink-swell ground conditions, landslides, volcanic and tectonic motions, and for assessing localised floods.