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1

Peculiarities of Physiological Development and Formation of the Harvest of the Narrow-Leaved Lupine under Various Weather Conditions

Holodna Аntonina, Lyubchich Oleksandr, Krasiuk Liudmyla, Shliakhturov Denys, Kaminska Valentina, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Ivanovs Semjons, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

209--216

EN

Success in growing an agricultural crop is considered to be the maximum realisation of the potential of a variety, as well as a stable level of its yield over the years. In the article, the results of studies, conducted with the narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) on the grey forest soil under the Forest-Steppe conditions were analysed. The peculiarities of the influence of hydrothermal conditions upon the duration of the period from sowing to the emergence of seedlings, interphase periods and the growing season, on the whole, were shown. An analysis of the influence of weather conditions over the years of the research and agrotechnical measures upon the generative development of the plants, the formation of the crop grain yield, as well as its quality upon the variant, recommended for production, in comparison with the control variant, was presented. The weather conditions that developed during the period from sowing to full ripeness of the narrow-leaved lupine plants differed significantly over the years of research, influenced the duration of the period from sowing to germination (from 7 to 15 days), the growing season of the crop, on the whole, (from 79 to 101 days), growth and development of plants, and – as a result– on the level of the yield. The seed yield in the experiment was unstable over the years even in the recommended production variant – from 3.28 to 2.10 t∙ha–1, that is, with a difference in the most favourable and unfavourable years of 1.18 t∙ha–1. The most favourable conditions for the formation of the crop were in 2016 on the variant, recommended for the production, and it provided for the application of N68P48K66, sowing lupine of the “Pobeditel” variety with an inter-row spacing of 45 cm, a seeding rate of 1.2 million germinating seeds t∙ha–1, treated with a bioinoculant with a bioprotectant, and also foliar top dressing with microfertiliser at the IV stage of plant organogenesis. The year 2020 turned out to be the most unfavourable, as evidenced by the minimum yield level of 2.10 t∙ha–1 and the index of the conditions of the year –0.51.

2

Resource-Saving Measures to Improve Soil Fertility and Increase Plant Productivity Through the Use of Straw

Gamayunova Valentina, Кhonenko Lubov, Kovalenko Oleg, Baklanova Tetiana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

324--332

EN

Highly productive soils in Ukraine have been losing their main quality indicators in the last decade. This is due to the violation of basic agricultural laws, particularly in the selection of agricultural crops in crop rotation, climate change, and other negative manifestations. Successful farming in the South Steppe zone of Ukraine significantly depends on moisture conditions, specifically the amount of precipitation during plant vegetation and initial moisture reserves during sowing. The first limiting factor for crop yields in arid regions is moisture. Depleted and compacted soils are unable to accumulate and retain it. Under such conditions, it is necessary to develop new approaches and implement the previously developed technological measures that would contribute to increasing the productivity of agricultural crops while preserving soil fertility. This involves enriching soils with organic matter, which structures them as well as increases their water absorption and retention capacity. In the absence of manure in the fields, it is advisable to use post-harvest residues of all crops and straw. These are the most resource-efficient and environmentally friendly measures. It has been determined that incorporating straw into the soil can increase the yield and quality of agricultural crops, as demonstrated in the cultivation of sorghum.

3

Impact of Climate Change on Cultivated Areas and Crop Yields for Cereals and Pulses in the Zaër Region (Morocco)

El Omari Mariyam, Zerdeb Mohammed Amine, Soukaina El Idrissi, Majid Issam, Aziane Nadia, Oubbih Jamal, Ramah Mohamed, Chakiri Saïd

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

141--154

EN

On the one hand, this study assesses the evolution of climatological parameters in the Zaër region between 1986 and 2021 and, on the other hand, it studies the effect of climatic variations on cereal and leguminous crop yields between 2000 and 2020, in order to further elucidate the consequences of their fluctuations on crop yields and to mitigate their regression process by making it possible to analyze favorable adaptation strategies for agricultural systems that can be envisaged for the coming decades. The methodology is based on the use of trend curves and statistics (averages and standard deviations) to analyze changes in climatic parameters and their effects on yields. The results show that the average temperature in the Zaër region is set to rise from 19°C in 1986 to 22°C in 2020. Higher temperatures mean lower yields of rainfed cereals and pulses, and average rainfall varies between 330 mm in 1986 and 570 mm in 2021, with rainfall increasing the likelihood of crop failure in the short term and reducing production in the long term. In addition, the rainy season is short (4 to 5 months per year). These characteristics make Zaër’s agriculture very sensitive to climate-related threats. Studying seasonal climate forecasts before each rainy season can help farmers to minimize rainfall hazards and thus optimize their crop yields.

4

The study of the fertilising power of urban sludge from the Dar Gueddari Wastewater Treatment Plant : Case of maize (Zea mays)

Griou Hajar, Njimat Smail, El Fettahi Fouad, Ait Lhaj Lhcen Samira, Aboulouafa Mohammed, Ibn Ahmed Said

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

37--44

EN

The objective of this study is to recover sludge from the Dar Gueddari sewage treatment plant and use it in the cultivation of corn in the open field on clay soil. To do this, four doses were tested against two types of controls: a control without addition of sludge and another with the addition of nitrogen-based fertilisers (200 kg N, 100 kg P and 100 kg K). The short-term effects indicated that the application of the sludge had a beneficial effect on the fertilising qualities of the soil and therefore on the crop yield. The monitoring of the agronomic parameters of the maize plant showed that the growths and the yields varied according to doses of the sludge. In grain yield, the difference between plot E4 and E0 was around 3.3 Mg∙ha-1. In addition, the plots treated with large sludge doses experienced improvements in total nitrogen and organic matter. During the second season, the results obtained showed decrease in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). It emerged from the C:N ratio which was <8. This indicated a good mineralisation of the organic matter (OM) which was average of 2.48 ±0.04% and 2.5 ±0.01%, respectively in the E4 and E5 treatments. In addition, the amounts of N, P and Ca in dry matter (DM) increased with increasing the dose of sludge. During the 2017 season, the highest values were detected in plot E5 with averages of 1.6% in N and 0.53% in P.

5

Crop Yields under Climate Variability and No-Tillage System in Dry Areas of Morocco

Moussadek Rachid, Laghrour Malika, Mrabet Rachid, Van Ranst Eric

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

221--232

EN

In Morocco, the intensive use of agricultural land coupled with irregular precipitation is a serious threat to the country’s food security. Conservation agriculture especially no-tillage (NT) system has shown an important result in the semi-arid regions of Morocco, but its dissemination to other, more humid, agro-ecological zones (precipitation > 350 mm) is still low. For this purpose, a field experiment under NT system has been installed since 2004 in the Zaer Plateau (Central Morocco) to study the adaptation of this system to the irregular rainfall compared to a conventional tillage (CT). Yields (grain and biomass) of crops (wheat and lentil) under NT and CT were analyzed and compared over the years of study. The ANOVA test showed that yields over the seven years were significantly different and that both crop yields under NT system were greater than or equal to those under CT system even though lentil is more vulnerable to extreme climate events under CT and NT systems. Unlike NT, yields under CT were significantly correlated with the rainfall amount received during the crop cycle. This indicates the dependence of CT precipitation, whereas NT is more adaptable to the irregularities of the climate in the study area.

6

Drivers of Cereal Production Efficiency Improvement in Kazakhstan – the Case of the Kostanay Region

Uteulin Valentin, Zhientaev Sansyzbay

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 10

1--10

EN

The COVID-19 outbreak has seriously affected the global food security at a time when it was significantly compromised by the effects of climate change and armed conflicts. The impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions imposed in response to the deadly virus brought humanity face-to-face with a new threat – that of food insecurity – which contributed to a high social demand for state-of-the-art methods of improving the cereal production efficiency. The aim of the study is to develop and implement a methodological approach to enhancing the cereal production efficiency. The methodology of the study relies on time series that made it possible to determine the main trends in regional cereal production and make projections. Application of the suggested approach in the Kostanay region revealed that this region was among the key cereal producers in the country. In 2019, the region was affected by extreme weather, which caused a sharp decline in cereal production. The present study, however, projects large opportunities for cereal production growth in the region and a significant increase in cereal production in the future. In addition, the paper suggests the following action plan to improve efficiency of the cereal production sector in the Kostanay region: streamlining of state support arrangements for cereal producers; development of affordable crop insurance products; systemic steps to increase cereal yields; development of logistic infrastructure; comprehensive monitoring of cereal production to develop a system of rapid response to changes in the external environment.

7

Deficit irrigation under water stress and salinity conditions: fao-aquacrop model

Kale Celik Sema

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2022

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nr I/1

96--106

EN

In this research, estimation potential of Aquacrop model under deficit irrigation and salinity conditions were evaluated for winter wheat grown under arid and semi-arid climates. Five different irrigation strategies and irrigation water salinity levels (0.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 dS m-1 ) were taken with the model to estimate deficit irrigation and salinity scenarios. Wheat grain yield, biomass production and canopy cover were simulated under deficit and salinity stresses. According to estimation of the model; the deficit irrigation with water reduction of more than 75 % of full irrigation was applied at growth stages of wheat, revealed the significant reduction in grain yield, biomass and canopy cover as compared with full irrigation practice. The increase in irrigation water salinity caused a significant decrease in grain yield and biomass value. It was compared to the 0.5 dS m-1 salinity level, a low value of 3% was obtained for the 5 dS m-1 salinity level. Yield loss of 7.5, 10 and 15 dS m-1 salinity levels were found to be 18.97%, 42.5% and 85.6% respectively. Also, increasing irrigation water depth in saline treatments resulted in increased grain and biomass yield. For sustainable water management in agriculture area, using simulation model such as Aquacrop is useful tolls to estimate effect of applied water depth and quality of irrigation water on crop yield.

8

Vliânie sortovyh osobennostej na urožajnostʹ i kačestvozerna âčmenâ ârovogo v usloviâh Severnoj Stepi Ukrainy

Vinyukov Oleksandr, Dudkina Anna, Poplevko Viktor

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

36--39

RU

В статье приведены теоретическое обобщение и новое решение научной задачи, которая заключается в научном обосновании и разработке агротехнологических мероприятий повышения зерновой продуктивности растений ячменя ярового с учетом морфобиологических особенностей сортов, их реакции на предшественники, применение рострегулирующих препаратов и минеральных удобрений. По результатам экспериментальных исследований установлено, что применение агротехнологических приемов при выращивании ячменя ярового способствует улучшению таких биометрических показателей как: количество узловых корней, высота растений, общая и продуктивная кустистость, а, следовательно, и обеспечения оптимальной плотности продуктивного стеблестоя в посеве. Повышение показателей элементов структуры урожая зерна закономерно способствовало увеличению уровня зерновой продуктивности культуры. Так, при сравнении влияния предшественников между собой, было установлено, что урожайность зерна ячменя ярового наивысшей была после гороха, превышая аналогичные показатели, полученные после предшественника подсолнечник на 0,15 т/га. Установлено, что использование в технологическом процессе сорта Степовык, генетически предрасположенного к получению зерна пивоваренного качества, способствует формированию следующих показателей: масса 1000 – 54,0 г, содержания белка – 10,1%, экстрактивность – 75,9%. В результате исследований разработаны новые и усовершенствованы существующие приемы сортовой технологии выращивания ячменя ярового, которые в условиях восточной части Северной Степи способствуют более полной реализации генетического потенциала сортов, увеличивают урожайность, улучшают качество зерна и снижают производственные затраты.

EN

The article presents the results of research that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed agro-technological measures of growing spring barley in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. For the first time the regularities of growth, development and formation the grain productivity of plants of different varieties of spring barley and their adaptive indicators under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors are established. The reaction of plants of different varieties of spring barley to predecessors, mineral fertilizers, use of growth regulators in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe for grain formation with appropriate grain quality indicators has been established. By investigation the genetic material that would stabilize the grain productivity of spring barley in the area of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe, a variety of spring barley Skhidnyi and the first brewing variety of spring barley Stepovik was bred. Regardless of the fact that the Northern Steppe is not a typical area for growing malting barley, however, the use of the proposed elements of technology contributes to the production of grain of appropriate quality. An additional impact on the quality of grain products is provided by the use of varieties of the appropriate purpose. Thus, by the using the improved growing technology of spring barley variety Stepovyk the protein content decreased to 10,1%, and the extractivity oppositely, increased to 75,9%. It is revealed that the introduction of the proposed elements of the growing technology of spring barley helps to strengthen the immunity of plants to pathogens of major diseases. As a result of research, new and improved existing methods of varietal technology for growing spring barley, which, in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe, contribute to a more complete realization of the genetic potential of varieties, increase yields, improve grain quality and reduce production costs.

9

Impact of the soil and climate conditions on the formation of the crop yield and germinating power of the switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seeds

Kulyk M., Rozhko I., Kurylo V., Bulgakov V., Ivanovs S., Adamovics A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 63, nr 4

101--105

EN

This paper investigates the productivity of the switchgrass seeds (Panicum virgatum L.) in close interaction with the agroecological conditions of the vegetation period. An impact has been established of the storage period on the indicator of the laboratory germination power of the seeds, which has been obtained under different soil conditions. In the future a highquality seed material of the switchgrass can provide better conditions for the growth and development of plants in the initial stages of organogenesis.

PL

W pracy zbadano produktywność nasion prosa rózgowego (Panicum virgatum L.) w ścisłym powiązaniu z warunkami rolno-ekologicznymi okresu wegetacji. Ustalono wpływ okresu przechowywania na wskaźnik zdolności kiełkowania nasion przez laboratorium, uzyskany w różnych warunkach glebowych. W przyszłości wysokiej jakości materiał może zapewnić lepsze warunki wzrostu i rozwoju roślin w początkowych etapach organogenezy.

10

Szacowanie plonów rzeczywistych z użytków zielonych na podstawie plonów maksymalnych i potencjału wody w glebie

Szajda J., Łabędzki L.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2016

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T. 16, z. 1

93--114

PL

W pracy przedstawiono syntetyczną analizę wyników badań lizymetrycznych plonowania i ewapotranspiracji użytków zielonych w naturalnych warunkach dostatku wody w glebie oraz w warunkach zróżnicowanego potencjału wody w glebach torfowo-murszowych i murszowatych w okresach suszy meteorologicznej umiarkowanej, silnej i ekstremalnej na Polesiu Lubelskim. Stwierdzono, że optymalna wilgotność gleby na użytkach zielonych zapewnia maksymalne plony siana. Plony te w dekadach i okresach IV–V, VI–VII, VIII–IX są uzależnione od czynników meteorologicznych i ewapotranspiracji maksymalnej. W pracy oszacowano aktualne i końcowe maksymalne plony siana w dekadach i okresach IV–V, VI–VII, VIII–IX w zależności od prognozowanych średnich dobowych wartości ewapotranspiracji maksymalnej. Określono wpływ wilgotności gleby na aktualne i końcowe rzeczywiste plony siana za pomocą współczynników glebowo-wodnych ks2 dla dekad i okresów IV– V, VI–VII, VIII–IX w zależności od prognozowanych bezwzględnych wartości potencjału wody glebowej. Oszacowano aktualne i końcowe rzeczywiste plony siana w dekadach i okresach IV–V, VI– VII, VIII–IX na podstawie zmniejszania plonów maksymalnych, wyrażonego wartością współczynników glebowo-wodnych ks2. Oszacowane aktualne i końcowe rzeczywiste plony siana odnoszone do plonów maksymalnych ilustrują wpływ potencjału wody w glebie na dynamikę przyrostu plonu aktualnego i końcowego. Dowodzą one, jak istotne znaczenie dla optymalnego plonowania użytków zielonych ma utrzymywanie optymalnego uwilgotnienia gleby.

EN

The paper presents a synthetic analysis of the results of lysimeter investigations on grassland yield and evapotranspiration under natural sol water supply and different soil water potential in peatmoorsh and moorsh soils, in periods of moderate, severe and extreme meteorological droughts, led in Polesie Lubelskie. It has been proved that the optimum soil moisture ensures the maximum hay field from grassland. Yields are dependent on meteorological factors and the maximum evapotranspiration. In the study current and final maximum hay yields are estimated in dependence on predicted maximum mean in 10-day and periods IV–V, VI–VII, VIII–IX evapotranspiration. Effect of soil moisture on current and final actual hay yield is quantified using soil-water coefficients ks2 for decades and periods IV–V, VI–VII, VIII–IX depending on soil water potential. Current and final actual hay yield is estimated by reduction of maximum yield by soil-water coefficients ks2. These yields related to maximum yield show the effect of soil water potential on the actual and final growth dynamics. They prove as important for optimal yield of grassland is maintaining high soil moisture.

11

Zastosowanie metod grupowania aglomeracyjnego w segmentacji państw Unii Europejskiej

Kolasa-Więcek A., Tukiendorf M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 57, nr 1

80-82

PL

Badania miały na celu pogrupowanie państw UE 27 w jednorodne zbiory pod względem podobieństw w obszarze zdolności i możliwości roślinnej produkcji rolnej oraz uszeregowanie pozycji Polski w kontekście tego zagadnienia. Wykorzystano w tym celu metody grupowania aglomeracyjnego. Liczną grupę zakwalifikowaną w jedno skupienie stanowią państwa z wysokim wskaźnikiem pozyskiwania plonów z hektara upraw, tj. Austria, Belgia, Holandia, Niemcy, Francja, Szwecja, Słowenia, Irlandia, Finlandia, Wielka Brytania, Włochy. Polska charakteryzuje się wysokim udziałem gruntów ornych i jednocześnie posiada jedną z najniższych w Unii wartość uzyskiwania plonu z hektara. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem pakietu Statistica 10.0.

EN

Research aimed to grouping the EU 27 states in homogeneous sets as regards similarities in the capacities and capabilities of crop agricultural production and ranking of Polish position in the context of this issue. The agglomerative method of clustering was used for this purpose. The states with high rates of harvesting of yields per hectare, i.e. Austria, Belgium, Holland, Germany, France, Sweden, Slovenia, Ireland, Finland, Great Britain, Italy constitute a numerous group admitted to one cluster. Poland has a high proportion of arable land in EU and also one of the lowest rate of the yields per hectare. The study was conducted using the Statistica 10.0.

12

Ocena uproszczeń uprawowych w aspekcie ich energo- i czasochłonności oraz plonowania roślin

Białczyk W., Cudzik A., Koryło S.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2008

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R. 12, nr 4(102)

75-80

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad pracochłonnością wykonywania zabiegów uprawowych oraz zużycia paliwa w czasie uprawy gleby i roślin metodą tradycyjną oraz z zastosowaniem uproszczeń. Analizowano również wielkość plonów następujących roślin: jęczmień jary, pszenica ozima, kukurydza uzyskiwanych w poszczególnych technologiach uprawy. Badania wykazały, że eliminacja orki pozwala ograniczyć ok. 20 l oleju napędowego na uprawę 1 ha gleby. Stosowanie uproszczeń uprawowych korzystnie wpływa na plonowanie kukurydzy.

EN

The paper presents the results of studies on time consumed by agricultural practices as well as on fuel consumption during soil cultivation and plant growing by a traditional method and with the use of simplifications. Yields of spring barley, winter wheat and maize, obtained using the individual cultivation technologies were analyzed as well. It has been found that by eliminating the ploughing it is possible to save more or less 20 liters of diesel oil per hectare of soil. The use of cultivation simplifications favourably affects maize yield.

13

Effect of exogenous growth regulators on crop yield, assimilation pigment content and stomatal index in soya bean (Glycine max

Woźniak A., Stolarska A., Wróbel J., Marska B.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 4-5

429-434

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the crop yield, leaf assimilation pigment content and stomata number per l mm2 of lower leaf blade epiderm area after application of gibberellic acid (GAJ with 6-benzoaminopurine and indolilo-3-acetic acid mixture. All growth regulators were applied in three concentrations, ie 10, 30 and 50 mg . l-I for indolilo-3-acetic acid and 6-benzoaminopurine and 40, 80 and 120 mg . 1-1 for gibberellic acid. The applied growth regulators brought about a reduction in the number of pods per plant and a decrease in the dry and fresh matter of pods and seeds per plant. All growth regulator mixtures applied affected the reduction of total chlorophyll content in soya bean leaves; however they did not have a significant effect on the number of stomata per I mm2 of lower leaf blade epiderm is area.

PL

Celem badań było określenie plonowania, zawartości barwników asymilacyjnych w liściach oraz liczby aparatów szparkowych na 1 mm2 dolnej epidermy blaszki liściowej po zastosowaniu mieszanin kwasu giberelinowego (GA,) z 6-benzyloaminopuryną oraz kwasem indolilo-3-octowym. Wszystkie regulatory wzrostu stosowano w trzech stężeniach, przy czym kwas indolilo-3-octowy oraz 6-benzyoaminopurynę w stężeniu 10, 30, 50 mg . 1 dm-' natomiast kwas giberelinowy w stężeniu 40, 80, 120 mg . 1 dm-'. Zastosowane regulatory wzrostu spowodowały redukcję liczby strąków na roślinie oraz spadek suchej, świeżej masy strąków i nasion z rośliny. Wszystkie mieszaniny zastosowanych regulatorów wzrostu wpłynęły na redukcję chlorofilu całkowitego w liściach soi, jednak nie miały one istotnego wpływu na liczbę aparatów szparkowych na 1 mm2 dolnej powierzchni epidermy blaszki liściowej.

14

Przydatność preparatów z węgla brunatnego do rekultywacji gruntów pogórniczych

Maciejewska A., Kwiatkowska J.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2002

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T. 5, nr 1

55-66

PL

W pracy podjęto problem zainicjowania procesów glebotwórczych w gruncie pogórniczym "Ił", który charakteryzował się kwaśnym odczynem (pHKCl = 3,95), toksyczną zawartością glinu oraz niską zawartością kationów zasadowych. W doświadczeniu użyto również gleby o właściwościach fizykochemicznych i chemicznych, porównywalnych z większością gleb użytkowanych rolniczo w Polsce, która stanowiła punkt odniesienia. Analizowano wpływ zróżnicowanych dawek preparatów z węgla brunatnego, Montu i Rekultera, na właściwości fizykochemiczne gruntu pogórniczego oraz na plonowanie i skład chemiczny roślin. Zastosowano 3 dawki Montu, tj. 1,5; 3; 5% oraz dawkę 3% Rekultera w stosunku do masy gruntu pogórniczego. W czasie trwania doświadczenia uprawiano mieszankę traw o małych wymaganiach pokarmowych o składzie: rajgras angielski - 30%, kostrzewa łąkowa - 19%, kostrzewa czerwona - 19%, tymotka łąkowa - 19%, wiechlina łąkowa - 8,5%, koniczyna biała - 2,5%, lucerna chmielowa - 2%. W próbach roślinnych oznaczono ogólną zawartość wapnia, magnezu i potasu metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej. Zastosowanie preparatów z węgla brunatnego wpłynęło na poprawę właściwości fizyko-chemicznych gruntu oraz na wzrost plonowania roślin. Szczególnie korzystnie wpłynął Rekulter, powodując wzrost: pH, pojemności sorpcyjnej, stopnia wysycenia zasadami kompleksu sorpcyjnego, ilości składników pokarmowych w badanym gruncie i w roślinach oraz spadek do zera kwasowości wymiennej i glinu wymiennego. Stwierdzono, że preparaty z węgla brunatnego, w szczególności zaś Rekulter, mogą być wykorzystywane do rekultywacji toksycznie kwaśnych gruntów pogórniczych.

EN

The initiation of soil-forming processes in the post-mining land was carried out by means of brown coal preparations. The degraded soil was characterised by low pH (pHKCl = 3.95), toxic concentrations of aluminium and low contents of exchangeable cations. Physicochemical and chemical properties of this soil are comparable with the majority of Polish agricultural land (used as a control). The influence of different doses of brown coal preparations, "Mont" and "Rekulter" on physicochemical properties of post-mining land was analysed, as well as on crop yields and plants composition. The "Mont" preparation was used at the following doses related to the mass of the soil: 1.5, 3, 5%. In the case of the Rekulter 3% dose was applied. Grass mixture of low nutrient requirements was growing, which was composed from: English ryegrass (Lollium perenne) - 30%, Fescue (Festuca) - 19%, Fescue (Festuca rubra) - 19%, Timothy grass (Phlenum) - 19%, Meadow grass (Poa) - 8,5%, White clover (Trifolium repens) - 2,5%, Alfaalfa (Medicago) - 2%. Total contents of calcium, magnesium and potassium in plant tissues were determined by the atomic absorption method. The application of brown coal preparations influenced the physicochemical properties of post-mining land, and resulted in an increase of crop yields. The "Rekulter" preparation was particularly advantageous with respect to an increase of the soil pH, sorption capacity, base saturation, contents of nutrients in soil and plants, and a drop to zero of exchangeable acidity and contents of exchangeable aluminium. The yield of mixed grass increased from 3.74 to 122.4 g d.m. per pot when the "Rekulter" was used, and from 3.74 to 51.6 g d.m. per pot when the 3%-Mont preparation was applied. Results show that brown coal derived preparations, especially the "Rekulter", may be successfully used for reclamation of post-mining land characterised by high and toxic acidity levels.