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Coking coal – a critical raw material of Poland and the European Union

Jureczka Janusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

2025

Vol. 73, nr 3

260--267

The significance of coking coal in the European Union in relation the standing of this raw material in the global economy is outlined, as well as the occurrence and resources of coking coal in Poland, its importance for the domestic economy, and the possibilities of increasing its resource base in Polish coal basins. Since 2014, coking coal has been treated as a critical raw material for the economy of the European Union. Its annual consumption in the EU countries currently amounts to ~40 million tonnes and is mostly covered by imports. Poland is the only EU country with significant coking coal production (~12-13 million tonnes per year) and substantial resources and reserve base (21.3 and 1.7 billion tonnes, respectively), as well as the potential to increase the resource base, in particular in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The Polish government 's official prognosis for the coming years is that the domestic coking coal deposits will continue to be developed, and the current coking coal production should be maintained. The existing coking coal resource conditions also allow for an increase in domestic production, including the opening of new mines; under this scenario, coking coal development should take into account mining, environmental, economic and even geopolitical aspects.