Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 5

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  critical minerals
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
EN
Defining a list of strategic deposits is an indispensable activity for preparing the mineral resources policy, a governmental programming and planning document serving to ensure long-term mineral security of the country. Some mineral deposits play a fundamental role in the functioning of the economy and therefore require special protection. Such deposits are referred to under various terms (strategic, key, deficit and critical mineral deposits). Until now, none of these terms has a normative character in Poland. As of 2019, the Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute is prepares a list of strategic deposits on behalf of the Chief Geologist of the Country. To accomplish this task, a special methodology was developed (using and modifying previously published studies and proposals and the EU approach to critical minerals). Special attention was paid to the issue of legal protection of deposits in the system of planning protection. Based on multi-criteria analysis, deposits of local and regional, national and supranational importance and a list of strategic deposits have been defined. Special plan protection (strategic deposits and those recognized as equivalent for spatial planning) should be extended to 266 deposits out of more than 14 000 documented deposits listed in MIDAS database.
EN
The paper presents a proposal for methodology of designation of the key, strategic and critical minerals, important for the mineral security of Poland. The authors proposed a comprehensive methodology for analysis of 148 individual minerals. When determining the key minerals, a criterion of average value of their annual consumption in Poland in the last decade (2009-2018) was adopted. This approach also regards to the general tendency of consumption of a given mineral and the net import reliance index. To determine strategic minerals, a two-stage analysis was performed, i.e. the identification of potentially strategic minerals that are indispensable for the sectors defined as crucial for the country’s economic security (based on an expert assessment), and – from among them – establishment of the list of strategic minerals on the basis of criteria of the average consumption value in recent years and the net imports reliance. For the identification of critical minerals, the methodology developed for the European Union with some significant modifications was adopted: all the minerals previously classified as key and/or strategic were granted the status of high economic importance in Poland, with disregarding of EU’s evaluation of the value of economic importance (EI) indicator. The second EU index – the supply risk index (SR) – for the determination of the critical minerals for Poland – was slightly reduced from 1.0 to 0.9. Based on the analysis conducted, three lists comprising 42 key, 24 strategic and 17 critical minerals indispensable for the Polish economy development were proposed. Identification of these minerals is of fundamental importance for further works on the Mineral Policy of Poland.
EN
Emerging technologies represent the direction of the new industrial revolution of promoting sustainable economic and social development, and strategic emerging industries have developed rapidly in China. The development of these emerging technology industries requires more mineral resources as raw materials, especially the need for specific minerals, has increased. The unsatisfied growing demand for minerals used in emerging technologies or an unexpected supply disruption in major producing countries could have an impact on economic development. There are only several studies on the supply of mineral resources from the perspective of mineral resources needed by the development of China’s emerging industries. To assess the criticality of the minerals needed by the strategic emerging industries in China, this paper adopts three indicators: import concentration, the volatility of prices and the application requirements by the Chinese 13th five-year plan dedicated to strategic emerging industries in 2016. Furthermore, 34 types of nonfuel minerals and mineral raw materials are separated into three categories. Finally, this paper indicates that the three indexes are all high for 8 minerals with supply risks, application in emerging technologies, and substantial market fluctuations which need the support of special policies. Two indexes of three Level-II indicators are high for 14 minerals which need different policy combination measures, and one index is high for 12 minerals which also needs attention, all of which were analyzed.
PL
Nowo powstające technologie stanowią kierunek nowej rewolucji przemysłowej promującej zrównoważony rozwój gospodarczy i społeczny, a strategiczne wschodzące branże przemysłu szybko rozwinęły się w Chinach. Rozwój tych nowo powstających branż technologicznych wymaga wykorzystania znacznej ilości zasobów surowców mineralnych, a zwłaszcza ściśle określonych surowców mineralnych. Niezaspokojony rosnący popyt na surowce mineralne (pierwiastki, minerały, surowce mineralne metaliczne) wykorzystywane w nowo powstających technologiach lub nieoczekiwane zakłócenie dostaw z produkujących je krajów może mieć wpływ na rozwój gospodarczy. Występują nieliczne badania dotyczące podaży zasobów surowców mineralnych z punktu widzenia zasobów surowców mineralnych potrzebnych do rozwoju wschodzących branż przemysłu w Chinach. Aby ocenić krytyczność surowców mineralnych potrzebnych strategicznym wschodzącym branżom przemysłu w Chinach, w artykule przyjęto trzy wskaźniki: koncentrację importu, zmienność cen i wymogi dotyczące zastosowania zawarte w trzynastym chińskim planie pięcioletnim poświęconym strategicznym wschodzącym przemysłom w 2016 roku. Ponadto 34 rodzaje surowców mineralnych (pierwiastki, metale, surowce mineralne niepaliwowe) podzielono na trzy kategorie. Ostatecznie, w artykule pokazano, że wszystkie trzy indeksy są wysokie dla 8 surowców mineralnych z ryzykiem ich dostaw, zastosowaniem w nowych technologiach i znacznymi wahaniami rynku, które wymagają specjalnej polityki wsparcia. Dwa wskaźniki z trzech wskaźników poziomu II są wysokie dla 14 surowców mineralnych, które wymagają kombinacji różnej polityki wsparcia, a jeden wskaźnik jest wysoki dla 12 surowców mineralnych, które również wymagają uwagi spośród wszystkich, które zostały przeanalizowane.
EN
Comprehensive and harmonious economic development of each country depends on the availability of raw materials, in particular mineral deposits, necessary for the functioning of the various industries that produce the substances and equipment required to meet the needs of the population, and for the efficient operation of agriculture and transport. The identification of raw materials, which are important for the country, is the basis of mineral policy and strategy. Diverse conditions of production of mineral raw materials result in their division into groups of different importance for the national economy. In Poland, three independent proposals for determining economically important mineral raw materials were developed. Despite their intuitive, similar approaches, various raw materials were identified as pivotal, strategic and critical. We would like to clarify their definitions: Pivotal raw materials – essential for the proper functioning of the economy and satisfying the needs of the society, those whose supply must be assured; Strategic raw materials - not sufficiently (at least 90%) supplied from domestic sources, or whose opportunities for permanent supply are limited or threatened (including the raw materials necessary for the development of innovative technologies); Critical raw materials - those whose chance of gaining (from both primary and secondary sources) is of high risk and their substitutability is low (in particular raw materials on the EU Critical List). There are 27 pivotal raw materials, especially important for the Polish economy, which are distinguished by the importance of raw materials and the importance of the substitution of raw materials. The list of strategic raw materials counts 36 items and includes a number of pivotal raw materials, important for the economy but being deficient in Poland. Eighteen mineral raw materials were considered critical. Depending on the changing, widely understood market conditions, such lists should be reviewed and updated at least every 5 years.
PL
Od 2013 r. Ministerstwo Gospodarki, w porozumieniu z innymi ministerstwami, pracuje nad spójnym dokumentem pt. „Plan działań na rzecz bezpieczeństwa Polski w zakresie surowców nieenergetycznych". Wśród działań tych przewiduje się m.in. opracowanie listy tzw. surowców kluczowych, wzorem rozwiązań stosowanych na poziomie Unii Europejskiej oraz zaproponowanych w niektórych krajach Unii. Artykuł prezentuje różne definicje surowców strategicznych, krytycznych i kluczowych w krajach rozwiniętych gospodarczo. Na tym tle przedstawiona jest wstępna propozycja metodyki identyfikacji surowców kluczowych dla polskiej gospodarki, w zależności od dwóch przesłanek, tj. znaczenia surowca ze względu na jego źródła i podaż krajową oraz znaczenia surowca pod względem wielkości jego zużycia w krajowej gospodarce. Dzięki zaproponowanej metodyce utworzono wstępną listę 19 surowców kluczowych dla polskiej gospodarki, z których 7 jest niemal całkowicie deficytowych, a 10 surowców ma charakter surowców pochodzących głównie ze źródeł krajowych.
EN
Since 2013, Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Poland, in consultation with other ministries, is working on coherent document "Action Plan for Polish security in relation to non-energy raw materials". Among its activities, preparation of the list of the key mineral raw materials for the domestic economy is planned, according to similar solutions adopted at EU level and proposed in various EU countries. The paper presents various definitions of strategic minerals, critical minerals and key minerals in various developed countries. On this basis, authors present preliminary proposal of methodology of identification of key minerals for Polish economy, depending on two conditions: minerals importance because of their significant domestic sources and supply, and minerals importance because of their significant consumption in domestic economy. Thanks to proposed methodology, preliminary list of 19 key minerals for domestic economy was prepared, including 7 completely deficient minerals and 10 minerals coming mainly from domestic sources.
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.