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1

Proces informacyjnego przygotowania pola walki na potrzeby operacji reagowania kryzysowego

Scheffs W.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2013

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nr 1(90)

78-99

EN

Crisis action differs from war mainly by dynamics and nature of the hazards. The issue of reconnaissance in crisis operations in its essence is different from those so far used in combat operations. Many commanders experience clearly suggest a change or modification of the procedures preparation of the battlefield information on the civilian environment. Focusing attention on the environment should be a civil area the problem merits. The enemy acting asymmetrically dissimilated with the environment, so it is difficult to recognize and identify. Getting to know exactly environment will be able to evaluate it and prevent its purpose. This paper proposed an approach to environmental assessment is an alternative for present IPB process. Its novelty lies mainly on the implementation of environmental assessment methods carried out by officers from the U.S. Army reconnaissance under the procedure ASCOPE (Area Structures Capabilities Organizations People Events). Under this procedure shall be made analyzes and evaluations in a wider aspect sense and contexts than in the traditional IPB.

2

Użycie siły w sojuszniczych operacjach reagowania kryzysowego

Marszałek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 4(85)

13-28

EN

Since the end of the Cold War, contrary to widespread expectations of international community, the world has not become safer. A growing number of crisis situations including more and more complex armed conflicts prove that. Solving those situations has required and will probably still require the use of force that always raises doubts among not only NATO decision-makers but public opinion as well. Thus this article touches upon an essential and at the same time controversial issue of the use of armed force in a justified aim, i.e. in order to solve crisis situations that could pose a threat to international security and peace. The overview of the Alliance’s crisis response operations (so called Non Art. 5 Crisis Response Situations of the Washington Treaty – NA5CROs) explains the key problems connected with the use of armed force in these specific from a military pint of view operations. The author clearly stresses the thesis that the scale and range of the use of force by NATO armed forces depend on a particular crisis response situation.

3

Budowanie zdolności sił zbrojnych do prowadzenia działań w powietrzu i kosmosie, w obliczu wyzwań bezpieczeństwa XXI wieku

Niedźwiecki R.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2010

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nr 3(80)

29-37

EN

Considerations referring to building the power of the state in the air and space dimensions fade into the background while being confronted with providing the armed forces with basic capabilities to conduct operations mainly on land resulting from the need of coalition and alliance participation in crisis response operations. We are used to thinking that international organisations or countries that have at their disposal necessary funds for their development or highly developed technologies contribute the necessary capabilities in the air and space dimensions. The aim of this article is to point out that one cannot forget about the building of capabilities to conduct operations in the air and space dimensions, without which armed forces are not able to face the security challenges of the 21st century.

4

Zabezpieczenie logistyczne Polskich Kontyngentów Wojskowych w operacjach reagowania kryzysowego poza granicami kraju

Nowak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2009

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nr 2(75)

152-166

EN

NATO crisis response operations (operations outside Article 5 of the Washington Treaty) include: peace support operations, evacuation operations, support operations in natural disasters and humanitarian aid, search and rescue operations, operations with the use of military force or the demonstration of its use. They can be carried out by NATO, the European Union and the United Nations. The military strategy of Poland (2004) imposes the obligation to have expeditionary forces capable of taking action in crisis response operations outside the country. Therefore, it is clear that the solutions for the efficient organization of these forces ’ logistic support are also necessary. The level of support must be appropriate to today's standards, but on acceptable level of costs. Logistics support of Polish Military Contingents (PMC) in crisis response operations outside the country include: materials support (supply delivery, economic and living services and other services), technical support (equipment maintenance, repair of armament and military equipment, supply of technical materials, technical supervision, metrology support and other) as well as transport provision (in relation country - PMC and in area of operations). In addition, under the logistics support there are also implemented other projects such as e.g. the liquidation of loss and damage, funeral services, etc. Determinants of PMC logistics support in emergency response operations are the following: the nature of conducted operation and its level of intensity, size (composition) and the armament and military equipment; area, including the local logistics conditions and remoteness from the home country, the composition of international coalition conducting the mission and scope of a multinational logistics operation; specialization and the logistics role of PMC in the composition of multinational logistics; time (period) of mission and other conditions.

5

Miejsce sztabu wojskowego w systemie reagowania kryzysowego Unii Europejskiej

Ciupiński A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2009

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nr 1(74)

31-42

EN

On 22nd January 2001, permanent European Union’s structures responsible for crisis response within the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) were set up. They include Political and Security Committee (PSC), Military Committee of the European Union (MCEU) and the Military Staff of the European Union. Political and Security Committee (PSC) is a body whose task is to tackle problems concerning Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), issues of collective defence including. PSC deals with tasks defined in Art. 25 of the European Union Treaty. Its goal is to watch the development of international situation, particularly these elements which affect collective defence and to work out conclusions for the EU Council and also the ones commissioned by this body. PSC can also take political actions in accordance with the EU Council. Military Committee of the European Union (MCEU) is an advisory body to conduct crisis management operations. It consists of chiefs of staff of the Member States national armies represented by their military representatives (REPMIL – represent militaire). In case of emergency, MCEU may be represented by chiefs of staffs themselves. The MCEU area of responsibility comprise collecting opinions and delivering recommendations to the Political and Security Committee and issuing directives for the EU Military Staff. On the basis of decisions taken in Helsinki, an interim EU Military Staff was established. Initially it included 20 servicemen and 20 civilians. Its task is to provide quick information flow (alarming), identification and joining the European multinational and national forces, implementing political decisions in accordance with the MCEU directives. Moreover, the EU Military Staff prepares expert opinions and ensures communication between the Military Committee and armed forces that the EU has at its disposal. The Military Staff participates in EUMC activities assessing crisis situations and working out military aspects of strategic planning in the area of Petersberg missions, in all cases when NATO forces and assets are not engaged. It also cooperates with NATO cells evaluating anti-crisis capabilities so as actions taken will not clash with defence planning. The EU Military Staff is responsible for recommendations concerning forces and assets that the EU Member States contribute to the EU in the area of training, exercises and interoperability. Furthermore, the EUMS participates in calculating costs of operations planned. The EU Military Staff works under the military guidance of the Military Committee. At the same time, it is subordinated to the Secretary General in an organizational aspect. It consists of personnel delegated by the Member States and is led by Director General in the rank of general.

6

Doświadczenie hiszpańskie z ćwiczeń w reagowaniu na atak terrorystyczny z wykorzystaniem „brudnej bomby”

Jałoszyński K.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2009

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nr 4(77)

303-315

EN

Contemporary terrorism is all the time looking for new assets to carry out a spectacular attack. Terrorists’ aim is to shock everyone in the world. One of the “ways” of searching for new methods to conduct attacks by terrorists is turning to weapons of mass destruction. The article refers to factors and possibilities to use a dirty bomb, Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) in terrorist attacks. The author describes exercises that were held by the Spanish authorities in October 2008 preparing to a situation when such a weapon might be used. It is shown what actions should be taken in the area of anti-terrorism in order to increase Poland’s security level.

7

Operacje reagowania kryzysowego jako podstawowy obszar użycia sił zbrojnych

Lidwa W.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2008

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nr 1(70)A Numer specjalny

122-139

8

System transportu powietrznego jako element zabezpieczenia udziału wydzielonych kontyngentów Sił Zbrojnych RP w operacjach reagowania kryzysowego poza obszarem kraju

Zieliński T.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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nr 1(66)

280-298

EN

The current international security environment faces various challenges, either connected with the necessity to prevent or to solve crisis situations. It results mainly from an extension of international non-state attributed terrorism and the deepening economic differences between various regions of the world. Such situations leads to local conflicts influencing the security of different countries in various regions. Currently, crises threaten not only the countries directly involved in crisis situation, but also global security. Participation of designated Polish Armed Forces units in crisis reaction operations of international dimensions abroad is directly concerned with having adequate enabling capabilities to conduct such operations. Such capabilities are connected with the correct preparation of the armed forces to operate in crisis operations and the deployment to the crisis area. Considering the time factor, rapid deployment is of key importance. Experience show, that the most adequate transportation means is in such cases is air transport. Military transport aircraft can be used, providing it has the right mobility. The necessity to use system solutions with regard to air transportation requires research with the adequate concept in mind.

9

Siły zbrojne w operacjach reagowania kryzysowego

Cieślak E.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2006

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nr 4(65)

160-172

EN

The aim of the article is to analyse the implication of using the armed forces in crisis response operations (CRO) and to present the trends of changes in this area. Relying upon source materials and literature on this subject, the review concerning the use of the armed forces in CRO has been made. The basic areas were characterised, while depicting trends of development. Crisis response operations became recently one of the basic form of operational use of the armed forces. Military power, used as a supplement and support of political, economical and informational efforts, exemplifies an important instrument of solving the crisis situations. Due to the character of threats, which can cause the crisis situations, having the potential of after-effects, the philosophy behind the use of the armed forces in CRO is changing. It is widely suggested by the experts that quick and efficient crisis situation management is vital, while minimising possible undisirable effects. In such case preventive operations are of special importance, which are enabling the management of the crisis situation. The global character of threats and security challenges brings about the fact, that using the armed forces in CRO is international in character, when participating actors make their contribution in highly-specialised forms of operational abilities.

10

Rola mediów w zarządzaniu kryzysowym

Gołębiewski J.

Wiedza Obronna

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2002

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nr 1

48--57

11

Reforma ustrojowa państwa a zarządzanie kryzysami

Kitler W.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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nr 1(30)

7-27

EN

Among the main problems in the security and defence area, espesially in the consequence of recent tragic floods, the subject of crisis reaction and its essential part i.e. crisis management has the utmost importance. Usually, during the turning point of history, the states have been organising themselves in a new different way. We witness a similar process in Poland, initiated a few years ago as a result of a great social and political turn on the Polish and European scale. An exceptional opportunity has appeared to give a chance to a social activity on the lowest level: commune, municipality and voyvodship. There is finally a possibility to fill in the loop created after the introduction the institutions of the states of emergency, introduced due to governmental decisions, usually too late in relation to the expectancy of the society. The political system reform gives a great opportunity to reform a state, also in the defence area. It is understood as creating conditions to counteract all threats while using all assests of the society and state. The reform in the defence aspect is also organising military administration in such a way so it would suit territorially civilian structures, mainly new voyvodships. The political system reform has to take into consideration the need of the uniform and coherent system of crisis management functioning. This system, which is in fact a version of the state management has to be based on efficient procedures of behaviuor and clearly constructed law regulating the division of competencies and responsibilities of all state subjects (citizen, businessman and public authorities bodies).