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Eksploracja głębin Morza Karaibskiego w rejonie wyspy Roatán (Honduras) przez polskich paleontologów : teraźniejszość kluczem do poznania przeszłości

Gorzelak Przemysław, Salamon Mariusz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 2

71--81

EN

The island margin of Isla de Roatán is a unique place of outstanding scientific and didactic values, with one of the longestcoral reef and an astonishing fauna inhabiting the deep sea zones. The unique geomorphological conditions enable to perform shore-based submersible operations at great depths. In this paper a short report from our dive down to about 650 m is presented. Our preliminary dive was used to document a diverse faunal assemblage, which allowed for a better understanding of the fossil record.

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Crinoids (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of eastern Poland : a case study from the Żebrak IG 1 borehole

Salamon M. A., Feldman-Olszewska A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2018

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Vol. 88, No. 3

273--283

EN

A taxonomic account of the Callovian crinoid fauna from the Żebrak IG 1 borehole (eastern Poland) is presented. The assemblage contains numerous isocrinid ossicles (Isocrinidae) assigned to the following taxa: Isocrinus cf. nicoleti (Desor), Isocrinus sp., Chariocrinus andreae (Desor), Balanocrinus cf. subteres (Münster in Goldfuss) and Pentacrinites sp. These isocrinids are associated with a few ossicles of cyrtocrinids (Cyrtocrinida; Cyrtocrinida indet.). The crinoid remains are poorly preserved; they all are isolated ossicles, showing broken margins and/or abraded surfaces. Such a state of preservation documents a long distance of transportation and/or re-deposition in a high-energy, shallow-water setting. The crinoid assemblage differs significantly from those of southern Poland (the Polish Jura Chain and the Mesozoic margin of the Holy Cross Mountains), in which sessile crinoids, such as cyrtocrinids (Cyrtocrinida), inhabiting mostly deeper-water carbonate facies, are predominant.

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Liliowce – byliny do miasta

Zieleń Miejska

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2017

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Nr 6

29--31

PL

Liliowce zachwycają swoją urodą, a przy tym są bylinami niezwykle łatwymi w uprawie. Trudność może sprawić jednie wybór spośród ogromnej ilości ich odmian.

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Callovian crinoidal sandstone from North East Świętokrzyskie Mts. (Central Poland)

Ostrowski S.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

101-102

EN

Monotonous calcareous sandstones outcropping on the northern slopes of Kamienna River North East Świętokrzyskie Mts. (Holy Cross Mts.) are recognized as Callovian mostly on the basis of superposition (Samsonowicz 1932) and scarce occurrence of ammonites Macrocephalites and belemnites. Although the rocks are exploited for over 200 years, there is no complete sedimentological study available. Outcropping rocks are yellow and brown, quartz-calcareous sandstones, poorly horizontally bedded. Cross-bedding, horizontal laminations and ripplemark laminations are scarce in the sequence. Grains are well sorted, bigger fragments can be found only in lower parts of some beds. Bigger grains are exclusively fragments of crinoids. Typically rocks are composed of quartz grains and crinoid ossicles of 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter. The proportion of these components is close to equal. Quartz grains are well rounded, mostly monnocrystalline. Fragments of crinoids are broken, but marks of noticeable corrosion are lacking. Grains are cemented by blocky calcite, forming syntaxial overgrowth (sensu Bathurst 1975) on crinoids. Statistic comparison of diameter of quartz grains and fragments of crinoids revealed that crinoids are about 10% bigger in diameter. However statistic parameters of grain diameters calculated separately for quartz and crinoids are similar in individual samples, and fractionation of diameter for both grain types are close to normal. Differences of mean diameter of both grain types can be attributed to crinoid porosity (resultant lower density). Quartz grains and fragments of crinoids were brought together to sedimentation area by currents. The second ones did not experience long transport - porous fragments of crinoids are prone to destruction (abrasion). The large quantity of crinoids suggests that the area where they flourished was placed nearby.Areas of intensive crinoid growth can be often found on distinctive submarine slopes (Maliszewska 1998; Ostrowski 2003). Tectonically active Radom-Kraśnik Fault zone (Gutowski et al. 2003) could represent the area of development of crinoids in question.

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Pyritization of microfossils: crinoid remains from the Middle Jurassic of Ogrodzieniec (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland)

Szczepanik P., Sawłowicz Z.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 124

37-52

EN

Pyritized crinoid skeletal elements have been found in the so-called "ore-bearing clays" of the Middle Jurassic exposed in Ogrodzieniec (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland). Their assem- blage consists of columnals, cirrals and brachials; calyx plates have not been found. Ossicles occur both as unpyritized and pyritized. Three main types of pyritization have been distinguished in investigated material: (a) original calcitic skeleton is not replaced by pyrite but its void spaces are infilled with pyrite; (b) calcitic skeleton is replaced by pyrite, with or without void infilling; (c) pyritization overwhelms the primary morphology of the ossicle. The first two types predominate in the studied material. The types of pyritization have been explained by several subsequent stages of this process. The main stage of crinoid pyritization happened probably in the sediment during early diagenesis and was limited to microenvironments of fossils. Different morphological forms of pyrite registered in the same ossicles (euhedra, framboids and massive pyrite, can be explained by different position and time of the fossil pyritization, the type and location of organic matter, porosity, several stages of pyritization, "openness" of skeleton, different assemblages of bacteria, and probably many other factors.

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The Lower Muschelkalk crinoids from Raciborowice, North-Sudetic Basin, SW Poland

Głuchowski E., Salamon M.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 1

83--92

EN

Five Middle Triassic crinoid taxa: Eckicrinus radiatus (Schauroth, 1859), Holocrinus acutangulus (Meyer, 1847), H. dubius (Goldfuss, 1831), Dadocrinus sp. and Encrinidae gen. et sp. indet., from the North-Sudetic Basin, are described. The occurrence of Eckicrinus radiatus (Schauroth) is reported in the area for the first time. Based on the stratigraphic distribution of the crinoids, the ranges of three crinoid zones (Dadocrinus Zone, acutangulus Zone and dubius Zone) have been constrained. A modified correlation between the Lower Muschelkalk deposits of the North-Sudetic Basin, Upper Silesia and the Holy Cross Mountains is proposed.

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An explanation for low endemism of Triassic crinoids fromthe epicontinental Germanic Basin, Poland

Salamon M. A., Niedźwiedzki R.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 3

331--338

EN

A summary of known crinoid taxa in the Polish part of the Triassic Germanic Basin, including their presence elsewhere, is documented. At present, 13 taxa and 3 ecophenotypes of crinoids have been recorded from that area, only one of them being endemic. In the Lower Muschelkalk and lower part of theMiddleMuschelkalk, taxa widespread both in the Tethys and Germanic Basin, or Tethyan taxa, dominate. In the Upper Muschelkalk crinoids are very rare in Poland, being represented by Encrinus liliiformis and Holocrinus sp. Many of the species occurring in the central part of the Germanic Basin in the Upper Muschelkalk have not been recorded in the eastern part of the basin. The degree of endemism of the crinoid fauna in theMuschelkalk is markedly lower than the degree of endemism of the rest of the benthonic macrofauna. This probably resulted from huge number of crinoids forming "crinoid gardens" that produced large number of larvae, increasing the chances of successful geographical expansion of crinoids.

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Myzostomid and copepod infestation of Jurassic echinoderms: A general approach, some new occurrences, and/or re-interpretation of previous reports

Radwańska U., Radwański A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2005

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Vol. 55, no. 2

109-130

EN

A study of diverse cysts developed on fossil echinoderms from Poland results in the recognition that these on Late Jurassic crinoid stems are attributable to the life activity of myzostomidan polychaetes, and those on Middle and Late Jurassic echinoids, to the activity of copepod arthropods. A review of formerly reported cysts of coeval age from Europe and western Asia permits the distinguishing of several types that differ in shape and/or location on the echinoderm skeleton. Although the studied cysts qualify as trace fossils (which require a separate ichnotaxonomy), their ethological and ecological characteristics are presented in terms of interspecific parasite-host relationships. The classical interpretation of VON GRAFF (1885) is affirmed for myzostomidan endocysts in crinoid stems, whereas for echinoid tests a new interpretation is offered for large exocysts ("Halloween pumpkin-mask" type) as having been induced by copepods,comparable in their ethology to those on present-day biota (hydrocorals) other than echinoderms. A copepod attribution by MERCIER (1936) of cysts (Castexia type) on some Middle Jurassic collyritid echinoids from France is fully accepted. This is supplemented by some new finds in Poland, a re-study of the Castexia cysts from France, and a re-interpretation of former reports from the literature. Eco-ethological consequences of the location of copepods in the ambulacral and peristomial parts of cidaroid and hemicidaroid echinoids are discussed; larval settling apparently took place at the tubefeet pores and gonopores, through which the copepod larvae reached the echinoid.s interior and began to parasitize it. Attribution of the discussed cysts to copepods yields, consequently, an extension of the stratigraphical range of the class Copepoda H. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1840, to the Early Jurassic.In POSTSCRIPT, suggested is the bald-sea-urchin disease to have caused some lesions in the collyritid echinoids (Middle Jurassic: Callovian) from France.

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Biostratigraphy of the Santonian in the SW margin of the Holy Cross Mountains near Lipnik, a potential reference section for extra-Carpathian Poland

Remin Z.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 4

587-596

EN

The set of outcrops near the village of Kije, on the SW margin of the Holy Cross Mountains provides a nearly complete Santonian succession that has a great potential to become a Santonian reference section in Poland. The Coniacian/Santonian boundary is defined here by the first occurrence (FO) of the inoceramid bivalve species Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus (ROEMER 1852). The uppermost Santonian is characterized by common Sphenoceramus patootensiformis (SEITZ 1965). The top of the stage (and the base of the Campanian Stage) is documented by the last occurrence (LO) of the crinoid species Marsupites testudinarius (SCHLOTHEIM 1820). The substage division of the Santonian is based on inoceramids, with the lower boundary of the Middle Santonian indicated by the LO of Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus and the base of the Upper Santonian by the FO of representatives of Cordiceramus muelleri (PETRASCHECK 1906) group.