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The living organism: evolutionary design or an accident

Roterman Irena, Konieczny Leszek

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

2019

Vol. 15, no. 3

art. no. 20190035

The presented work discusses some evolutionary phenomena underlining the complexity of organism creation and surprisingly the short evolutionary time of this process in particular. Uncommonness of this process ensued from the necessary simultaneous combining of highly complicated biological mechanisms, of which some were generated independently before the direct evolutionary demand. This in conclusion points to still not fully understood biological program ensuring superiority of the permanent evolutionary progress over effects of purely random mutational changes as the driving mechanism in evolution.

Attempt at a systemic outlook on aging and carcinogenesis

Piwowar M., Dygut J., Piwowar P., Konieczny L., Roterman I.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

2014

Vol. 10, no. 3

101--115

Two of the key problems plaguing humanity – aging and carcinogenesis – are inexorably linked. While their nature seems different, their mechanisms have a lot in common. Evidence suggests that aging is the result of spontaneous synthesis and accumulation of improperly folded proteins in cells, leading to a variety of pathologies. As for carcinogenesis, it is tied to genetic mutations – permanent, covalent changes in the DNA. Both processes are random in character; however, unlike mutations, the accumulation of malformed proteins is not genetically determined. Instead, control over this process hinges upon regulating the protein exchange rate – a phenomenon that seems a likely candidate for the basic aging control mechanism. Although mutations themselves may be counteracted in a controlled manner, their effects typically cannot. The mechanisms of aging and carcinogenesis, while functionally different, remain correlated: an aging cell is rendered more susceptible to mutational changes. The rapidly growing body of information regarding aging and carcinogenesis enables a systemic approach to both these phenomena – an approach that is attempted in this review.