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Heavy vehicle crashes in Addis Ababa: Relationship between contributing factors and severity of outcomes

Tulu Getu Segni, Lisinge Robert Tama, Wedajo Bikila Teklu

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2022

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Vol. 7, No. 2

25--40

EN

Random parameter logit regression is used to analyze police-reported data on 8,253 heavy vehicle-related crashes in Addis Ababa between July 2014 and June 2017. The analysis shows that fatal crashes are more likely to occur during the day and on weekdays, particularly when the circulation of trucks is high. It also shows the disproportionately high involvement of young drivers in heavy vehicle crashes in the city. However, the likelihood of crashes resulting in fatalities and serious injuries increases slightly compared to those resulting only in property damage as the age of drivers increases. Low levels of drivers' education, the fact that drivers are often not the owners of vehicles, ownership of vehicles by companies and government organizations, and inappropriate road medians' inappropriate design are also significant contributors to fatal crashes. Curbing deaths and injuries from heavy vehicle crashes in Addis Ababa requires strict enforcement of traffic rules and regulations, particularly speed limits; reforms in driver's training and certification; improved safety culture of vehicle owners and design of road infrastructure. Ethiopia's national road safety strategy launched in July 2022 addresses these issues. Hence the government is taking steps in the right direction.

2

An impact of gap acceptance on road safety: A critical systematic review

Bhatt Khushbu, Shah Jiten

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2022

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Vol. 7, No. 1

6--22

EN

An uncontrolled intersection is a critical area for crashes that depends on macroscopic traffic parameters. While the intersection is the potential of the center of crashes due to inappropriate decision of driver. Therefore, the study focuses on the effect of the gap acceptance parameter for the safety of drivers at an uncontrolled intersection. To examine, a systematic review of the literature is implemented to understand the different parameters, their impact, and models developed by the researchers. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the crashes are highly affected by the gap acceptance and the different models are formed to estimate the critical gap for different road sections under homogeneous and heterogeneous traffic conditions. However, it is not possible to definitively conclude the best model to evaluate the gap acceptance factor but can be preferred to reduce the severity of crashes. Nonetheless, most studies remain inconclusive, there is an emerging trend in the literature suggesting the increase of the crash risk at an uncontrolled intersection. Lastly, it is most important to mention the model suitability based on empirical studies commenced under the strong limitations. Consequently, there is a need for research in this area to correlate the gap acceptance with road safety to reduce the severity of accidents to improve the existing transportation system.

3

An analysis of influential factors associated with rural crashes in a developing country: a case study of Iran

Sheykhfard Abbas, Haghighi Farshidreza, Abbasalipoor Reza

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 63, iss. 3

53--65

EN

Road traffic deaths continue to rise, reaching 1.35 million in recent years. Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death for people of all ages. Note that there is a wide difference in the crash rate between developed and developing countries and that developed countries report much lower crash rates than developing and underdeveloped countries. World Health Organization reports that over 80% of fatal road crashes occur in developing countries, while developed countries account for about 7% of the total. The rate of road crashes in developing countries is higher than the global average, despite some measures reducing deaths over the last decade. Numerous studies have been carried out on the safety of urban roads. However, comprehensive research evaluating influential factors associated with rural crashes in developing countries is still neglected. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how factors influence the severity of rural road crashes. In the present study, rural roads in Mazandaran province were considered a case study. The Crash data collected from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization covers 2018 to 2021, including 2047 rural crashes. Dependent variables were classified as damage crashes and injury-fatal crashes. Besides, independent variables such as driver specifications, crash specifications, environment specifications, traffic specifications, and geometrical road specifications were considered parameters. The logit model data indicate that factors associated with driver and crash specifications influence rural crashes. The type of crashes is the most critical factor influencing the severity of crashes, on which the fatal rate depends. The findings suggested that implementing solutions that minimize the effect of the factors associated with injury and death on rural roads can reduce the severity of crashes on rural roads that share the same safety issues as the case study. Further studies can also be conducted on the safety and mechanics of the vehicle by focusing the research on the types of vehicles and the sources of the damage.

4

Implementing safety toolkit on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana

Nazneen Sahima, Rezapour Mashhadi Mahdi, Ksaibati Khaled

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2020

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Vol. 5, No. 1

6--18

EN

Indian Reservations have suffered from high crash rates that lead to fatal and incapacitating injuries for years. Among numerous issues, resource gap, rustic nature of the reservations, cross jurisdictional issues, and scarce crash data, act as obstacles in an effort to reduce the number of these fatal and serious crashes. Numerous organizations have recognized the importance of addressing issues on Indian reservations and improving roadway safety. Wyoming Technology Transfer Center / Local Technical Assistance Program (WYT2/LTAP) center developed a safety toolkit for tribal communities to ascertain high-risk crash locations and determine the low-cost safety improvement countermeasures. This safety toolkit acts as a guideline providing information, field examples, and resources in key topic areas to improve roadway safety through the use of the five-step methodology from Wyoming Rural Road Safety Program. These steps included compiling and crash data analysis, level I field evaluation, combined ranking, level II field evaluation, and benefit-cost analysis. In this study, the safety toolkit was implemented on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (FPIR), Montana, to provide the tribes with a real-life example. This study reveals that low-cost safety countermeasures have significant impacts in reducing the number of fatal and serious injury crashes on the FPIR. This methodology with slight modification can be applied to other Indian reservations or similar entities to improve roadway safety.

5

Overview and analysis of dummies used for crash tests

Jaśkiewicz M., Jurecki R., Witaszek K., Więckowski D.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2013

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nr 35 (107)

22--31

EN

This article is a description of the construction of dummies used in crash tests of vehicles. Dummies are classified according to their use in different types of crash tests. The noticeable improvement in the construction of dummies, their properties and similarity to humans man, is clearly visible referring to first dummies with modern ones.

6

The identification of damping and stiffness parameters of a driver model on the basis of crash tests

Jaśkiewicz M., Stańczyk T.

Journal of KONES

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2009

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Vol. 16, No. 1

229-238

EN

The following paper presents the identification of damping and stiffness parameters o f a man model on the basis of crash tests conducted in PIMot. The frame analysis of the film with a registered crash test was conducted. On the basis of this analysis there were prepared the characteristics of horizontal and vertical displacements in time function and a movement trajectory for each part of the dummy. Theses characteristics were used in an identification procedure. The values of identified parameters were stipulated in the work. The correctness of obtained results has been illustrated by the comparison of results of tests and a computer simulation conducted with the use o f a dynamic man model and identified parameters values. Obtained results were used to conduct simulations which show the influence of an age weakened muscle structure of a man (manifested with the decrease of the values of damping and stiffness parameters) onto the man movement during a crash. Additionally it has been illustrated the conformity of obtained test results through the presentation of frames of the film from the test with a model outline from computer simulation. Conducted simulations demonstrate that more serious injuries during car crashes with elderly people may be caused not only by a age decreasing man body strength.

7

Chosen problems of examination of car stability

Kisilowski J., Zalewski J.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2008

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Vol. 1, iss. 1

14-18

EN

This paper gives an overview on some chosen aspects of examination of car stability. It especially stresses the situation of an after repair car, with disturbances in its body geometry, mass, inertia and deviation. Such disturbances can occur especially after the side crash, which is one of the most common types of accidents.