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Briquettes from a Mixture of Cow Menure, Rice Husks and Wood Dust as Alternative Fuel

Athaillah Teuku, Masykur, Husin Hasanuddin, Adib, Aulia Muhammad Reza

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

290--299

EN

There is a lot of promise for the creation of briquettes made of wood dust, rice husks, and cow menure as alternative fuels. The water content (%) and ash content (%) was measured in this study. Carbon ratio (%), value calorific (cal/g), briquettes’ percentage of volatile content and their compressive strength (g/cm2). A financial feasibility analysis of briquettes was also conducted as part of this study. Sample 1 briquettes had a water content of 16%, whereas sample 2 briquettes had a water content of 12%. Because the results of this water content test range between 5% and 20%, they are still considered acceptable. According to the test results, sample 1 had an ash level of 33% and sample 2 had an ash value of 29%. There were 65% and 60% of flying chemicals in sample 1 and sample 2, respectively. The quality of the briquettes increases with decreasing volatile matter content. From the test results, sample 1 of the briquettes has a carbon level of 2%, whereas sample 2 has an 11% carbon content. Because carbon concentration affects the calorific value, it is a measure of fuel quality. Sample 1’s briquette density is 0.539 g/cm3, whereas sample 2’s briquette density is 0.337 g/cm3. Briquettes for sample 1 have a compressive strength of 13.26 g/cm2, whereas sample 2 has a compressive strength of 15.3 g/cm2. Overall, the briquettes’ financial feasibility study is really promising, with a favorable net present value (NPV) of 144.074.566, a high internal rate of return (IRR) of 72.154%, a respectable net B/C of 4.37, and a comparatively short payback period (PBP) of 3.22 years. This indicates the value of continuing this project. It is believed that by using these briquettes, the amount of deforestation would decline and the dependence on firewood will decrease. We may protect biodiversity and ecosystems by protecting forests.

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Technological Process of Anaerobic Digestion of Cattle Manure in a Bioenergy Plant

Salkhozhayeva Gaukhar Madykhanovna, Abdiyeva Karlygash Mamytbekovna, Arystanova Sholpan Yescuatovna, Ultanbekova Gulnar Dauletbaevna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

131--142

EN

Anaerobic digestion consists of the biological decomposition of organic waste under anaerobic conditions by various types of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the fermentation starter of methanogenic bacteria on the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure in a bioenergy plant. The effect of various methods (physical, microbiological and chemical) on the digestion of cattle manure was studied under mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (50°C) modes. The results of the study showed that the content of volatile fatty acids and the pH of the medium was in the optimal range, the yield of methane biogas (CH4) during anaerobic digestion at 35°C was 0.45 m3/kg and at 50°C was 0.58 m3/kg. The data obtained indicate that the thermophilic mode (50°C) of anaerobic digestion of manure effectively affects the yield of methane biogas. Based on anaerobic digestion in mesophilic mode, a fermentation starter of methanogenic cultures adapted to thermophilic conditions was obtained. According to cultural and morphological characteristics, the cultures were assigned to the genera Methanopyrus and Methanococcus. The results of a study on the effect of the fermentation starter of methanogenic bacteria in fermented manure at 50°C showed that with an increase in the dose of the fermentation starter, the methane-forming ability of anaerobic bacteria increased and the process of methane biogas release intensified (from 0.36 m3/kg to 0.79 m3/kg). Besides, the dose of methanogenic fermentation starter based on Methanopyrus and Methanococcus isolates (28 kg) was determined. When the bioenergy plant is launched in thermophilic mode, the release of biogas increases by 2.2 times, and the digestion period decreases to 10 days.

3

Zarodkowanie i wzrost kryształów struwitu w obecności związków boru, kobaltu, manganu i molibdenu w procesie odzyskiwania fosforanów ze ścieków z hodowli zwierząt

Hutnik Nina, Stanclik Anna, Piotrowski Krzysztof, Matynia Andrzej

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 1

149--154

PL

Wyznaczono kinetykę ciągłej krystalizacji strąceniowej struwitu z wodnych roztworów jonów fosforanowych(V), zawierających dodatkowo charakterystyczne dla gnojowicy zanieczyszczenia, takie jak związki boru, kobaltu, manganu i molibdenu. Do obliczeń parametrów szybkości zarodkowania i wzrostu kryształów struwitu wykorzystano model kinetyki dla idealnego krystalizatora MSMPR (mixed suspension, mixed product removal), zakładający zależność szybkości wzrostu kryształów od ich wielkości RE SDG (Rojkowski exponential, size-dependent growth). Stwierdzono, że ze wzrostem stężenia związków boru, kobaltu i molibdenu gęstość populacji zarodków struwitu korzystnie zmalała, a w obecności związków manganu zwiększyła się. Liniowa szybkość wzrostu tych zarodków zwiększyła się analogicznie, a w obecności manganu niekorzystnie zmalała. W taki sam sposób, w zależności od stężenia zanieczyszczeń, zmieniała się szybkość zarodkowania struwitu. W obecności tych zanieczyszczeń liniowa szybkość wzrostu pełnowymiarowych kryształów struwitu przyjmowała duże wartości (1,31·10⁻⁸-8-2,24·10⁻⁸ m/s). Negatywnie na tę szybkość wpłynęło podwyższenie pH środowiska, korzystnie zaś obniżenie stężenia jonów fosforanowych(V) na wejściu do krystalizatora. Średni rozmiar kryształów produktu przy podwyższeniu pH do 11 zmalał z 28-40μm, a w pozostałych przypadkach zwiększył się do 40-56μm (τ 3600 s) i do 57-71μm (0,20% mas. PO₄³⁻ w roztworze zasilającym). Porównanie wpływu pojedynczych zanieczyszczeń na wartości kinetyczne krystalizacji struwitu z danymi odzyskiwania jonów fosforanowych(V) z rzeczywistej gnojowicy bydlęcej CLM wykazało dobrą zgodność wyników.

EN

Struvite was pptd. from NH₄H₂PO₄, MgCl₂∙6H₂O, and B³⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺ and Mo⁶⁺-ions-contg. aq. solns. to det. kinetic parameters of the continuous struvite reaction crystn. calcd. by using Rojkowski exponential size-dependent growth rate model. With the increase of B, Co and Mo ions concns., the d. of nuclei decreased advantageously but increased with the increase in Mn ion concn. Linear growth rate of the nuclei increased with B, Co and Mo ions concn. increase but decreased with the increase of Mn ion concn. The relatively stable and narrow range nucleation rates were obsd. (10¹²-10¹³ 1/(s·m³)) which was not affected by pH raise, elongation of residence time and redn. of phosphate(V) ions concn. in a feed stream of crystallizer. Good consistence of obtained struvite reaction crystallization kinetics of model mixts. with the real cattle liq. manure was obsd.

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Bioremediation of Iron on Diamond Post Mining Soil Using Compost Made from Cow Manure and Traditional Market Organic Waste

Mahyudin Rizqi Puteri, Firmansyah Muhammad, Purwanti Melisa Anggraini, Najmina Dina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

221--228

EN

The purpose of this research was to improve the diamond post-mining soil quality using a bioremediation composting method based on the cow manure and organic waste from a traditional market. This research was conducted for: 1) identifying the conditions for temperature, pH and moisture during the composting process; 2) analyzing the difference of variations in composition and the best composting durations. The bioremediation method used is open windrow composting, divided into four composition variations, namely variation A (100% soil); B (75% soil: 25% compost); C (50% soil: 50% compost); D (25% soil: 75% compost). The variations of composting duration are 15th and 30th days. From the result of two-way ANOVA test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the decrease of Fe value due to the variations in composition ratio and duration of composting.

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Ocena różnych terminów nawożenia obornikiem i NPK łąki położonej na glebie torfowo-murszowej

Wesołowski P.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2001

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T. 1, z. 1

123--136

PL

Badania przeprowadzono w latach 1996–1999 na łące torfowo-murszowej we wsi Modrzewie w województwie zachodniopomorskim. Porównywano w nich terminy stosowania nawożenia organiczno-mineralnego na produkcyjność łąki. W tym celu założono doświadczenie, w którym uwzględniono następujące kombinacje: łąka bez nawożenia „0”, obornik w ilości 30 t·ha-¹ jesienią + NPK, obornik 30 t·ha-¹ zimą + NPK, obornik 30 t·ha-¹ wiosną + NPK, obornik 30 t·ha-¹ latem + NPK. Największe średnie plony siana uzyskano, stosując obornik i dodatkowe nawożenie mineralne w okresie jesiennym i wiosennym, a najmniejsze w terminie zimowym i letnim. Również największą opłacalność (w złotych) uzyskano, gdy stosowano obornik jesienią i wiosną łącznie z uzupełniającym nawożeniem mineralnym, natomiast stosowanie obornika zimą i latem było nieopłacalne.

EN

The investigations were carried out in the years 1996–1999 on the organic meadow in the village Modrzewie in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodship. The experiment was carried out in the following variants: meadow without fertilization – 0, manure at a dose of 30 t·ha-¹ in autumn + NPK, manure at a dose of 30 t·ha-¹ in winter + NPK, manure at a dose of 30 t·ha-¹ in spring, manure at a dose of 30 t·ha-¹ in summer + NPK. The highest mean hay yield was obtained with manure at a dose of 30 t·ha-¹ and additional mineral fertilizers in autumn and spring, and the lowest using fertilization in winter and summer. Organic and mineral fertilization influenced on sward components. Comparing to first year (1996) on the fourth (1999) year of the experiment the content of Phleum pratense L. increased. The number of other valuable species was on similar level during whole period (Alopecurus pratensis L., Dactylis glomerata L., Poa pratensis L.). Trifolium hybridum L. was not found on meadow after four years, only on fields with autumn manuring 1.2 % of Trifolium was found. Highest profitability (in złoty) was found when manure was applied together with mineral fertilizers on autumn and spring. Winter and summer manuring was not profitable.