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1
Content available Polska w sieci Echelon
Nowak Zbigniew
Cybersecurity and Law
|
2020
|
Vol. 4 (2)
115--137
PL
Aktualne dążenia społeczności światowych, państw, koncernów do uzyskiwania jak najszerszej gamy informacji nie byłyby niczym dziwnym, gdyby działania te nie pozostawały poza obowiązującymi regulacjami prawnymi. Informacja to siła. Przyjmuje się tu każdą wygodną dla odbiorców argumentację. Może to być wszechobecne zagrożenie terrorystyczne, mogą to być przestępstwa korupcyjne, ale najczęściej cel ekonomiczny, szpiegostwo przemysłowe. Działania takie godzą w przepisy prawa międzynarodowego czy krajowego, a mimo to organy państwowe udają, że nie wiedzą i nie uczestniczą w procesie inwigilacji własnych społeczeństw. Czy zwykły obywatel, który nie ma nic wspólnego z terroryzmem czy kontraktami na dostawy sprzętu wojskowego, może mieć dziś zagwarantowane jakiekolwiek prawa, prawo do prywatności, jakiejkolwiek tajemnicy korespondencji? Do kogo ma się zwrócić, jeżeli będzie podejrzewał, że zostały naruszone jego swobody konstytucyjne? Przedmiotem artykułu jest działalność budzącej kontrowersje globalnej sieci inwigilacji komunikacji Echelon, widziana z punktu widzenia polskich regulacji prawnych.
EN
The overarching aim of this article is to present the legal framework for the potential use of the Echelon system in the Republic of Poland. Echelon, known as worldwide surveillance program, was created by the American and British specialist in the late 1960s to observe and monitor military and diplomatic communications of the former Soviet Union and the Eastern Block. Nowadays, the role of Echelon seems to be completely different, as recently revealed by e.g. European Parliament. It’s the tool evolved into „a global system for the interception of private and commercial communications” (mass surveillance and industrial espionage). Numerous press reports as well as 2013 Snowden accusations suggest Poland plays quite an effective role as the part of the European Echelon Network. The question this article answers is whether our national presence and involvement in gaining information is based on the legal, constitutional grounds or whether, like some other nations, Polish authorities become indifferent to any kind of legal obstacles when need an information for their purposes.
2
Content available Perceptually Correlated Parameters of Musical Instrument Tones
Beauchamp J. W.
Archives of Acoustics
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2011
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Vol. 36, No. 2
225-238
EN
In Western music culture instruments have been developed according to unique instrument acoustical features based on types of excitation, resonance, and radiation. These include the woodwind, brass, bowed and plucked string, and percussion families of instruments. On the other hand, instrument performance depends on musical training, and music listening depends on perception of instrument output. Since musical signals are easier to understand in the frequency domain than the time domain, much effort has been made to perform spectral analysis and extract salient parameters, such as spectral centroids, in order to create simplified synthesis models for musical instrument sound synthesis. Moreover, perceptual tests have been made to determine the relative importance of various parameters, such as spectral centroid variation, spectral incoherence, and spectral irregularity. It turns out that the importance of particular parameters depends on both their strengths within musical sounds as well as the robustness of their effect on perception. Methods that the author and his colleagues have used to explore timbre perception are: 1) discrimination of parameter reduction or elimination; 2) dissimilarity judgments together with multidimensional scaling; 3) informal listening to sound morphing examples. This paper discusses ramifications of this work for sound synthesis and timbre transposition.
3
Content available remote Algorithmic Correspondence and Completeness in Modal Logic. III. Extensions of the Algorithm SQEMA with Substitutions
Conradie W., Goranko V., Vakarelov D.
Fundamenta Informaticae
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2009
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Vol. 92, nr 4
307-343
EN
In earlier papers we have introduced an algorithm, SQEMA, for computing first-order equivalents and proving canonicity of modal formulae. However, SQEMA is not complete with respect to the so called complex Sahlqvist formulae. In this paper we, first, introduce the class of complex inductive formulae, which extends both the class of complex Sahlqvist formulae and the class of polyadic inductive formulae, and second, extend SQEMA to SQEMAsub by allowing suitable substitutions in the process of transformation. We prove the correctness of SQEMAsub with respect to local equivalence of the input and output formulae and d-persistence of formulae on which the algorithm succeeds, and show that SQEMAsub is complete with respect to the class of complex inductive formulae.
4
Content available remote Nieznana korespondencja Józefa Rostafińskiego z Edouardem Bornetem z lat 1875-1878, dotycząca badań nad glonami
Wysokińska B.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2007
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R. 52, nr 2
137-153
EN
The article deals with the early stages of research by Jozef Tomasz Rostafinski (1850-1928), one of the greatest Polish biologists, a well-known botanist and humanist. Presented in the article is the correspondence between Rostafinski. and his friend and teacher, the French scientist Jean Baptiste Edouard Bornet (1828-1911). This correspondence is of great value for the assessment of Rostafihski's early research on algae. The correspondence is stored at a library at the Laboratory of Cryptogamy (PC) of the National Museum ofNaural History (MNHN), consituting a small but homogenous and very interesting collection. It consists of eleven well-preserved manuscripts in the French language, which are kept among the materials connected with Edouard Bornet. The letters in the correspondence concern a number of topics, including scientific ilysis, descriptions of J. Rostatinski research on algae, numerous questions connected h Laminariaceae, as well as other issues, relating to Rostafitiski's friend, E. Janczewski, the Villa Thuret in France, and to the problems with his'mail that Rostatinski expended in March 1876. It is well known that a major study by Rostafinski was lost and disappeared before publication - the study in question was a large monograph of the Laminariaceae family of algae, which earned Rostafinski a gold medal in a competition organized by the Royal Academy of Sciences in Brussels in 1877. A new trace of the monograph can be iind in his letters to Bornet, in which there is reflected a fragment of an authentic report the algae research. The letters also contain references of the work of other scientists, e.g., G. Thuret 817-1875), E. Janczewski (1846-1918), A. de Bary (1831-1888), A. de Jolis 823-1904) and M. Woronin (1838-1903). The current article forms part of a research project sponsored by the French government. The author of the article would like to express her gratitude to Dr. P. Daszkiewicz, r. D. Lamy, Prof. J.-M. Drouin, Prof. B. de Reviers and Mr. F. Bouzzat.
5
Content available remote Nieznana korespodencja Mariana Zdziechowskiego z Adolfem Cernym
Biliński P., Durcansky M., Skrzyński T.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2007
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R. 52, nr 2
7-50
EN
A subject matter of the present edition is correspondence of Polish philologist and philosopher - Marian Zdziechowski and Czech poet and Slavophil - Adolf Ćerny. The published letters in a very significant way enrich knowledge of connexions and mutual relationships that were held by Czech and Polish intellectuals on the turn of the 19th century. Among others, they reveal Zdziechowski's attitude towards Slavophilism, Pan-Slavism and Bolshevism. The letters of Zdziechowski that lately have been recovered, are kept among posthumous works of Ćerny in Record Office belonging to Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic in Praha whereas few preserved answers of Ćerny are located in Library of the University of Vilna.
6
Content available remote Listy Edwarda Habicha (1835-1909) do Ignacego Domeyki (1802-1889) ze zbiorów Biblioteki Polskiej w Paryżu
Daszkiewicz P., Tarkowski R.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2007
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R. 52, nr 2
195-202
EN
Edward Habich was one of the many Polish refugee engineers who worked in Peru in the nineteenth century. He was one of the main organizers and the first director of the mining school in Lima, before becoming director of the UNI, the leading third level technical school in South America. lgnacy Domeyko, one of the most eminent geologists at the time, lived and worked in Chile. He was the president of the University of Santiago. The two men knew each other and were on friendly terms. The article presents five letters from Habich to Domeyko. The letters are currently part of an important ,,Domeyko collection" in the Polish library in Paris. They discuss publishing exchanges, provide information concerning the life of the group of Polish engineers and scientists in Lima, the political situation and scientific life in Poland, which was occupied by the Russians and Prussians at the time. Some of the letters were written during the Chilean occupation of Lima. In his letter to Domeyko, Habich describes the disastrous consequences of this occupation for the engineers and scientists in Peru
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