Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Assessment of the relationship between the occurrence of CSR instruments and industry 4.0 pillars in manufacturing companies in Poland

Skórnóg Damian

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 195

531--543

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) instruments used and the implemented pillars of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review, survey questionnaire research, correlation analysis. Findings: The article describes the correlations between the CSR instruments used and the implemented Pillars of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies in Poland, based on the research conducted using a survey questionnaire. Subjecting the results of the questionnaires, to correlation analysis, made it possible to isolate the most strongly correlated pairs of variables, juxtaposing CSR Instruments and Industry 4.0 Pillars. The overall level of correlation is not at a very high level, which may indicate a moderate or differentiated relationship between CSR and Industry 4.0 Pillars. Despite such results, it was possible to observe distinctive pairs of variables that significantly stand out from the others. These include pairs such as Socially Engaged - Incremental Manufacturing, Investment in Ecology - Cybersecurity and Eco-labeling - Big Data. Despite the existing limitations, the area of research presented in the paper can inspire further research to identify the relationship between CSR and Industry 4.0. Originality/value: An assessment of the relationship between the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) instruments used and the implemented pillars of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing companies in Poland, which may inspire further research in this area.

2

A new approach to the accelerated method for assessing the alkali reactivity of domestic aggregates

Zapała-Sławeta Justyna, Zięba Kamil

Structure and Environment

|

2024

|

Vol. 16, no. 3

166--173

EN

In Poland, the prevailing protocols for examining the alkali reactivity of aggregates are based on indirect methodologies such as petrographic appraisal, in addition to direct methodologies including the measurement of expansion in mortar and concrete specimens containing the aggregate under investigation. The available research methods exhibit certain deficiencies, which have been mitigated under the experimental conditions delineated in the novel accelerated approach for ascertaining the reactivity of aggregates, otherwise known as the MCPT - Miniature Concrete Prism Test. The methodology of MCPT has the potential to become an alternative for the existing procedures of quality assessment for both fine and coarse aggregates. This work presents the assessment results of the alkaline reactivity of indigenous fine quartz aggregate, examined in accordance with the protocols established by the Polish General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways along together the novel, expedited MCPT methodology.

PL

Obecnie stosowane w Polsce procedury badania reaktywności alkalicznej kruszyw oparte są na metodach pośrednich, takich jak ocena petrograficzna oraz metodach bezpośrednich, polegających na określaniu ekspansji próbek zapraw i betonów z badanym kruszywem. Dostępne metody badawcze wykazują pewne wady, które zostały ograniczone w warunkach badawczych ustalonych w nowej przyspieszonej metodzie określania reaktywności kruszyw, tzw. MCPT - Miniature Concrete Prism Test. Metoda MCPT może stać się alternatywą dla obecnego testowania jakości kruszyw drobnych i grubych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oceny reaktywności alkalicznej krajowego drobnego kruszywa kwarcowego, badanego zgodnie z procedurami Generalnej Dyrekcji Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad oraz nowej przyspieszonej metody MCPT.

3

Effect of Guano Fertilisation on Yield and Some Quality Traits of Perennial Ryegrass Biomass

Możdżer Ewa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 3

212--222

EN

Due to the lack of conclusive articles on the effect of guano, which is classified as a natural fertiliser, an experiment was conducted to evaluate its effect on the yield and quality of perennial ryegrass of the Rela variety. The guano used in the experiment contained significant concentrations in g·kg-1 DM of nitrogen (23.1), phosphorus (9.52) and magnesium (2.90). The concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the applicable standards in organic fertilisers. The total content of N and P in guano was higher relative to K, and Mg and Ca were similar. The concentration of N and Mg in guano is comparable to the content of these elements in poultry manure. The guano reaction was slightly acidic (5.86). The fertiliser value of guano was assessed in a vegetation-weed two-factor experiment. The test scheme included control, guano and guano with ammonium nitrate applied at three doses. The dry biomass yield of perennial ryegrass from individual cuts varied considerably. The objects with applied guano and guano with ammonium nitrate increased the average yield of perennial ryegrass from cut 1 by 102.9% compared to the control object. Applied guano fertilisation significantly increased the sum of perennial ryegrass yield from three cuts. As a result of the applied fertilisation, there was an increase in N, P and Ca content in perennial ryegrass, while K and Mg content increased to a negligible extent and thus contributed to optimal ionic ratios of Ca:P and K:(Ca+Mg). In contrast, the ionic ratio K:Mg deviated significantly from the optimal values for plants. The application of guano and guano with ammonium nitrate influenced the positive correlation between N and Ca content and the obtained yield of perennial ryegrass.

4

Trend Analysis of Aerosol Concentrations over Last Two Decades from MODIS Retrievals over Hyderabad District of India

Nandan A.K., Mathew Aneesh, Shekar Padala Raja

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 1

83--116

EN

Air pollution is one of the grave concerns of the modern era, claiming millions of lives and adversely impacting the economy. Aerosols have been observed to play a significant role in negatively influencing climatological variables and human health in given areas. The current study aimed to study the trend of aerosols and particulates on daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual levels using a 20-year (2002–2021) daily mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) product released by moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensors for the Hyderabad district in India. The results of the daily mean analysis revealed a rising trend in the number of days with severe AOD (>1), whereas examinations of the seasonal and monthly mean data from 2017 through 2022 showed that peak AOD values alternated between the summer, autumn, and winter seasons over the years. Trend analysis using Mann–Kendall, modified Mann–Kendall, and innovative trend analysis (ITA) tests revealed that AOD increased significantly from 2002 through 2021 (p < 0.05; Z > 0). Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed to check for correlations between AOD levels and certain meteorological factors for the Charminar and Secunderabad regions; it was noticed that temperature had a weak positive correlation with AOD (p < 0.05; r = 0.283 [Secunderabad] – p < 0.05; r = 0.301 [Charminar]), whereas relative humidity developed a very weak negative correlation with AOD (p < 0.05; r = −0.079 [Secunderabad] – p < 0.05; r = −0.109 [Charminar]).

5

Estimation of Natural Uranium and Its Risk-Assessment in Groundwater of Bangalore Urban District of Karnataka, India

Ravindra Nai Poojashri, Rajashekara Vinod Alurdoddi, Mudbidre Rajalakshmi

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

21--49

EN

In this study, 56 groundwater samples were taken from diverse sources in Bangalore Urban district during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to measure the uranium concentration and its correlation with different waterquality parameters. The uranium concentration varied from 0.94–98.79 µg/L during the pre-monsoon season and from 1.38–96.52 µg/L during the postmonsoon season. Except for a few readings, all were within the safe limit of 60 µg/L as prescribed by India’s Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Owing to its slightly higher concentration, a study on the radiological and chemical risks that are caused due to the ingestion of uranium was assessed. Based on the radiological aspect, cancer mortality and its risks were assessed, wherein all of the samples were well within the acceptable limit of 10−4; therefore, consuming these water samples was radiologically safe. However, when the risk that was caused by chemical toxicity was assessed, a few samples exceeded the hazard quotient (HQ) value of more than 1, thus illustrating that individuals were vulnerable to chemical risk. This paper features assessments of uranium and its risks to public health in groundwater samples if it exceeded the safe limit. Additionally, it recognizes the value of periodically assessing and treating the area’s drinking water sources.

6

Reloading Modulus Estimation Based on Static and Dynamic Plate Load Tests Carried out on Unpaved Forest Roads

Pawłowski Michał, Grajewski Sylwester M., Węgliński Szymon

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 4

250–264

EN

This paper presents the results of comparative studies of strain modulus from static (PLT) and dynamic (LWD) plate testing. The tests were conducted on 9 sections of forest roads with different surfaces made of unbound aggregates. They produced 140-element sets of results, including values of reloading modulus (E2) and dynamic modulus of deformation determined using 10 and 15 kg drop weights (Evd10 and Evd15). An attempt was made to determine the relationship between the values of the moduli from tests with LWD loads (10 or 15 kg) and PLT, which would allow to determine the values of reloading modulus based on the dynamic modulus values. The analysis of the test results revealed that the values of the dynamic moduli are characterized by lower variability than those obtained from static testing and that from the engineering point of view there is no significant relationship between the sets of results of the subgrade deformability tests made with dynamic and static plates. The analysis of the results confirmed a simple relationship that allows for a qualitative assessment of subgrade deformability defined by the values of reloading modulus PLT tests based on the results of LWD tests with a 10 kg drop weight. The assessment error did not exceed 7% in this case. An analogous relationship was revealed for the results of LWD tests with a 15 kg drop weight. In this case, the assessment error did not exceed 6%. The results of the LWD tests can be used to provide a qualitative assessment of the deformability of subgrade, but the PLT tests are required for its quantitative assessment.

7

On the Correlation between Random Variables and their Principal Components

Gniazdowski Zenon

Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki

|

2023

|

nr 28

41--55

EN

The article attempts to find an algebraic formula describing the correlation coefficients between random variables and the principal components representing them. As a result of the analysis, starting from selected statistics relating to individual random variables, the equivalents of these statistics relating to a set of random variables were presented in the language of linear algebra, using the concepts of vector and matrix. This made it possible, in subsequent steps, to derive the expected formula. The formula found is identical to the formula used in Factor Analysis to calculate factor loadings. The discussion showed that it is possible to apply this formula to optimize the number of principal components in Principal Component Analysis, as well as to optimize the number of factors in Factor Analysis.

8

Assessment of the relationship between corporate social responsibility environmental goals implementation and financial and operational indicators of airlines

Savchenko Lidiia, Ovdiienko Oksana, Boichenko Mykola, Mostenska Tetiana

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 119

235--256

EN

The main idea of the article is assessing the feasibility of introducing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for airlines. Moreover, the authors think that the environmental aspect in CSR is the most important, which predetermined the focus on this CSR component in the article. The article provides several examples of airlines that actively use CSR to improve their image, attract new, and increase the loyalty of existing customers. Environment indicators of the flight operations group on the performance indicators were established.

9

Critical analysis of pool boiling correlations

Radek Norbert, Orman Łukasz J., Honus Stanislav, Pietraszek Jacek

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

|

2023

|

Vol. 5, iss. 1

258--265

EN

The manuscript describes the problem of boiling heat flux determination with the focus on nucleate boiling mode. It presents the boiling phenomenon on the bare surface and provides a review of the correlations that can be used for modelling purposes. Two most commonly applied correlations were validated against the experimental results. One of them showed significant discrepancies, which might be attributed to the conditions of the research and possible variations in the morphology of the heater. The other correlation proved to be successful in determining heat flux.

10

Application of deep learning techniques in identification of the structure of selected road materials

Mazurek Grzegorz, Durlej Małgorzata, Šrámek Juraj

Structure and Environment

|

2023

|

Vol. 15, no. 3

159--167

EN

In research, there is a growing interest in using artificial intelligence to find solutions to difficult scientific problems. In this paper, a deep learning algorithm has been applied using images of samples of materials used for road surfaces. The photographs showed cross-sections of random samples taken with a CT scanner. Historical samples were used for the analysis, located in a database collecting information over many years. The deep learning analysis was performed using some elements of the VGG16 network architecture and implemented using the R language. The learning and training data were augmented and cross-validated. This resulted in the high level of 96.4% quality identification of the sample type and its selected structural features. The photographs in the identification set were correctly identified in terms of structure, mix type and grain size. The trained model identified samples in the domain of the dataset used for training in a very good way. As a result, in the future such a methodology may facilitate the identification of the type of mixture, its basic properties and defects.

PL

W badaniach naukowych obserwuje się coraz większe zainteresowanie wykorzystaniem sztucznej inteligencji do poszukiwania rozwiązań trudnych problemów naukowych. W niniejszym artykule został zastosowany algorytm głębokiego uczenia z użyciem obrazów próbek materiałów wykorzystywanych do budowy nawierzchni drogowych. Fotografie przedstawiały przekroje losowych próbek wykonane za pomocą tomografu komputerowego. Do analizy wykorzystano próbki historyczne, znajdujące się w bazie danych zbierającej informacje z wielu lat. Analizę głębokiego uczenia wykonano przy użyciu niektórych elementów architektury sieci VGG16 i zaimplementowano, stosując język R. Dane uczące oraz treningowe poddano augmentacji oraz walidacji krzyżowej. W rezultacie uzyskano wysoki poziom 96,4% jakości identyfikacji rodzaju próbki oraz jej wybranych cech strukturalnych. Fotografie w zbiorze identyfikacyjnym zostały poprawnie zidentyfikowane pod względem struktury, typu mieszanki oraz uziarnienia. Wytrenowany model w bardzo dobry sposób zidentyfikował próbki w obszarze dziedziny trenowanego zbioru danych. W rezultacie taka metodyka może w przyszłości ułatwić identyfikację rodzaju mieszanki, jej podstawowych właściwości oraz defektów.

11

Predicting the properties of a mixture produced using “cold” technology with foamed bitumen in terms of the properties of hydraulic binder mortars

Buczyński Przemysław, Mazurek Grzegorz, Iwański Marek

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

|

2023

|

Vol. 22, no. 4

363--378

EN

The paper presents the correlation between the mechanical properties of the mineral-aggregate mixture with foamed bitumen (MCAS) and the mechanical properties of mortars containing hydraulic binder. A significant aspect of the presented research results was an attempt to determine whether it is possible to predict the properties of the recycled cold mix with foamed bitumen (MCAS) based on preliminary results obtained for mortars. The prediction of MCAS properties through mortar properties was limited to basic mechanical properties of mortars, namely compressive strength (RC) and flexural tensile strength (Rf). To achieve this goal, seven hydraulic binders were designed with a controlled composition using a simplex-centroid experimental plan known as the mixture design plan. The components of the hydraulic binders used in its composition were Portland cement CEM I 32.5R, hydrated lime Ca(OH)2, and by-products of cement production in powder form (UCPP). The designed and prepared hydraulic binders were then used in the composition of the mineralaggregate mixture with foamed bitumen at a quantity of 3.0% (m/m). Subsequently, in laboratory conditions, the mineralaggregate mixture with foamed bitumen was prepared, and mechanical property tests were conducted, including indirect tensile strength (ITSDRY), axial compressive strength (UCS), modulus of stiffness (Sm), fracture toughness (KIC), and the dynamic modulus |E*| determined as a function of frequency and temperature. The analysis results suggest that there is potentially the ability to predict selected mechanical properties of the MCAS mixture by analyzing the mechanical results for mortars. However, this application is limited. The research results obtained for non-destructive properties, such as the dynamic modulus |E*|, are satisfactorily described by the compressive strength results of mortars after 28 days of curing. Other analyzed characteristics did not show a significant correlation.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono korelację pomiędzy właściwościami mechanicznymi mieszanki mineralno-spoiwowej z asfaltem spienionym (MCAS) a właściwościami mechanicznymi zapraw, w których składzie zastosowano spoiwo hydrauliczne. Istotą prezentowanych wyników badań była próba wyjaśnienia, czy za pomocą wstępnych wyników badań uzyskanych dla zapraw możliwe jest prognozowanie właściwości recyklowanej mieszanki na zimno z asfaltem spienionym (MCAS). Prognozę cech MCAS przez właściwości zapraw ograniczono do podstawowych właściwości mechanicznych zapraw, tj. wytrzymałości na ściskanie (RC) oraz wytrzymałości na rozciąganie przy zginaniu (Rf). Do osiągnięcia zamierzonego celu zaprojektowano siedem spoiw hydraulicznych o składzie kontrolowanym poprzez plan eksperymentu sympleksowo-centroidowy, zwany planem mieszaniny. Składniki spoiw hydraulicznych, które zostały wykorzystane do jego kompozycji to: cement portlandzki CEM I 32,5R, wapno hydratyzowane Ca(OH)2 oraz uboczne cementowe produkty pylaste (UCPP). Zaprojektowane i przygotowane w warunkach laboratoryjnych spoiwa hydrauliczne zastosowano w składzie mieszanki mineralno-spoiwowej z asfaltem spienionym w ilości 3,0% (m/m). Następnie w warunkach laboratoryjnych przygotowano mieszankę mineralno-spoiwową z asfaltem spienionym i wykonano badania właściwości mechanicznych, tj. wytrzymałość na pośrednie rozciąganie ITSDRY, wytrzymałość na ściskanie osiowe UCS, moduł sztywności (Sm), odporność na pękanie (KIC) oraz moduł dynamiczny |E*| wyznaczony w funkcji częstotliwości i temperatury. Wyniki analiz pozwalają stwierdzić, że istnieje potencjalnie możliwość prognozowania wybranych właściwości mechanicznych mieszanki MCAS dzięki analizie wyników mechanicznych dla zapraw. Ma to jednak ograniczone zastosowanie. Wyniki badań uzyskane dla właściwości nieniszczących, tj. dla modułu dynamicznego |E*|, w sposób zadowalający zostają opisane przez wyniki wytrzymałości zapraw na ściskanie po 28 dniach pielęgnowania. Pozostałe analizowane cechy nie wykazały istotnej zależności.

12

Metoda dopasowania funkcji nieliniowej do danych punktów pomiarowych i jej pasmo niepewności

Puchalski Jacek, Warsza Zygmunt Lech

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

|

2023

|

R. 27, nr 3

45--55

PL

W pracy przedstawiono propozycję metody wyznaczania parametrów i pasma niepewności funkcji nieliniowej dopasowanej do zmierzonych danych punktów badanych. By ją zlinearyzować trzeba dokonać zamiany jednej lub obu zmiennych określonej funkcji nieliniowej. Następnie metodą regresji liniowej dobrano najkorzystniejsze parametry linii prostej dopasowanej do wartości współrzędnych punktów wg ważonego ogólnego kryterium średniokwadratowego WTLS. Uwzględnia się też współczynniki autokorelacji i korelacji wzajemnej oraz niepewności obu współrzędnych oszacowane na podstawie przewodnika GUM. Z parametrów otrzymanej linii prostej i jej pasma niepewności wynikają poszukiwane parametry funkcji nieliniowej oraz jej pasmo niepewności. Podano przykłady liczbowe wyznaczania parametrów i pasma niepewności dwiema metodami dla jednej z gałęzi paraboli drugiego stopnia oraz dla złożonej funkcji wykładniczej.

EN

The paper presents a method of determining parameters and uncertainty bands of a specific non-linear function fitted to given measured data of examined points. One or both of the variables of this non-linear function are changed so as to linearize it. Using the linear regression method, fined are the most favorable parameters of this straight line for its adjustment to the measured values of the coordinates of points tested according to the weighted total mean square WTLS criterion. Their autocorrelation and cross-correlation coefficients as well as uncertainties estimated according to the rules of the GUM guide are considered. The parameters and the uncertainty band of the non-linear function result from the parameters of this straight line and its uncertainty band. Numerical examples of determining the parameters and uncertainty bands for the branch of a 2nd degree parabola (two methods) and for the complex exponential function are given.

13

Impact of Organic Cultivation Technology of Fiber Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) on Soil Agrochemical and Bioecological Properties

Pylypchenko Andrii, Marenych Mykola, Hanhur Volodymyr, Semenov Anatolii, Korotkova Irina, Rozhkov Artur, Karpuk Lesia, Laslo Oksana, Marinich Lubov, Ponomarenko Serhii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

356--365

EN

Research into the correlations among components of soil biota is of significant importance for effective management of agroecosystems in organic agricultural production. Organic cultivation technologies contribute to increased nitrogen and phosphorus content in the soil, while reducing levels of P2O5 and K2O compared to inorganic methods. The influence of organic residue decomposers on macroelement composition in the soil has been examined, revealing a minimal impact on their levels. Organic technologies promote an augmentation of microorganisms, although there is a potential risk of heightened disease pathogens. It has been observed that under organic cultivation conditions, there is more intense tissue degradation, potentially attributed to higher microorganism activity. Transitional cultivation methods yield lower rates of degradation in comparison to organic techniques. The impact of organic technologies on the quantity of earthworms, nematodes, and springtails in the soil has been investigated. Organic practices have shown to increase their population, creating a favorable environment for soil biological indicators. Particular attention is given to correlation relationships between microorganisms responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and the fungal component. High correlation values (r = 0.72–0.89) underscore the significance of comprehending these associations when employing organic cultivation methods. The study of correlations among soil biota components in organic production presents a promising task for the effective utilization of resources and the assurance of sustainable agroecosystem development.

14

Formation of the Quality Indicators of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seeds Sown under Organic Growing Technology

Pylypchenko Andrii, Marenych Mykola, Hanhur Volodymyr, Semenov Anatolii, Sakhno Tamara, Ponomarenko Serhii, Karpuk Lesia, Rozhkov Artur

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 8

218--227

EN

The oil content of hemp seeds is controlled by the genotype and in the conducted studies did not depend on the growing technology; however, this factor had a synergistic effect with others. The protein content of hemp seeds during the years of research did not depend on weather conditions. Like other quality indicators, it had a slight variation, which indicates the significant role of the genetic characteristics of the varieties. On average, over the years of research, the protein content of the variants grown according to conventional technology was 25.2%, and according to transitional technology, it was 0.03% higher, which was within the limits of statistical error. The organic technology ensured the protein content at the level of 25.3%, and the use of the BioStymix-Niva microbial biodegrader - biodestructor contributed to the further growth of the indicator to 25.4%. The oil content of hemp seeds is not limited by other important characteristics, such as the yield of the hemp stems or the fiber content. Only the Glyana variety showed inverse correlations with plant height, hemp stems and seed productivity, they were of medium strength (r = -0.60 – -0.43). In the Zolotoniski 15 variety, only one inverse relationship was recorded, i.e. plant height (r = -0.57). No correlation was established between protein content and oil content in seeds. Correlations may change depending on other factors of cultivation, including weather conditions, elements of technology, etc., but the evaluation of varieties for cultivation according to these characteristics can significantly increase the efficiency of the production of cannabis products.

15

Correlation Between Hydrochemical Component of Surface Water and Groundwater in Nida Valley, Poland

Phan Cong Ngoc, Strużyński Andrzej, Kowalik Tomasz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

167--177

EN

The Nida valley study area underwent examination to investigate the hydrochemical components and the correlation between groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW). Over a 12-month period from November 2021 to October 2022, 9 monitoring points were established, consisting of 7 GW points and 2 SW points, with a monitoring frequency of once per month. The research findings indicate that the hydrochemical components and direction of GW flow in the study area can be classified into 3 distinct regions. The chemical composition is complex in areas near the Nida River, stable in the region near the Smuga Umianowicka branch, and different in other areas. It was observed that the SW in the Nida River and Smuga Umianowicka branch exhibits a relatively uncomplicated chemical composition due to minimal human impact in the natural area. However, dissimilarities between them were also identified and explained by the flow regulation of the dam built on the branch within the study area. The application of the Shapiro-Wilk test (α = 0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05) revealed statistically significant differences among the recorded hydrochemical component values throughout the measurement period. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis (α = 0.001) indicated correlations between the hydrochemical components of SW and GW in the riparian area and strong correlations among GW samples. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified significant dissimilarity and similarity between GW and SW samples based on their characteristics.

16

Statistical Analysis of Selected Coal Charateristics and Toxic Compounds for FGX Air-Vibrating Separation

Mijał Waldemar, Niedoba Tomasz, Polek Daria, Baic Ireneusz, Blaschke Wiesław

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2023

|

no. 2, vol. 1

377--387

EN

Dry beneficiation methods were popular in the first part of the 20th century. In the 1930s, before World War II, dry separators were used more commonly in the United States. Currently, this method is very popular in China, the United States, India, Russia and other places where its implementation is possible. In Poland, by contrast, dry separation still remains uncommon. However, during the last 30 years, dry separators have started to be more commonly used in coal beneficiation. One example of this type of separator might be the FGX air-vibrating separator. This type of separator uses air suspension to separate heavier particles (tailings) from lighter coal grains. The process of dry separation may depend on various parameters, e.g. particle size fraction, air supply, feed parameters, etc.. This paper describes the mathematical model which shows the scope for using this separation method for coal beneficiation. Mathematical models are based on dependencies between calorific value and ash content in the samples tested as well as relations between arsenic, thallium, mercury, lead and other coal characteristics. The latter parameters are of vital importance as Polish emission standards do not have any limits for the elements mentioned above (arsenic, thallium, mercury and lead).

PL

Suche metody wzbogacania były popularne w pierwszej połowie XX wieku. Separatory suche były używane zwłaszcza przed II Wojną Światową w latach 30-ych w USA. Obecnie, metoda ta jest bardzo popularna w Chinach, USA, Indiach, Rosji oraz w innych miejscach, gdzie możliwe jest jej zastosowanie. W Polsce proces ten jest wciąż bardzo mało popularny. Podczas ostatnich 30 lat systemy wzbogacania węgla zaczęły szerzej korzystać z separatorów suchych a przykładem bardzo popularnego urządzenia tego typu jest FGX – wibracyjny stół powietrzny. Ten typ separatora korzysta z zawiesiny powietrznej w celu wydzielenia cięższych ziaren (odpadów) od lżejszych ziaren węgla. Sucha separacja może zależeć od różnych parametrów, tj. klasa ziarnowa, zasoby powietrza, parametry nadawy itp. Artykuł ten opisuje model matematyczny, który pokazuje możliwości zastosowania tej metody separacji przy wzbogacaniu węgla. Modele matematyczne oparte były na zależnościach pomiędzy wartością opałową oraz zawartością popiołu w testowanych próbkach, jak również na relacjach pomiędzy zawartościami arsenu, talu, rtęci, ołowiu i innych charakterystyk węgla. Ostatnie parametry są bardzo ważne ponieważ polskie standardy emisji nie zawierają limitów dla pierwiastków wymienionych powyżej, a więc arsenu, talu, rtęci oraz ołowiu.

17

Seed Yield and the Possibility of Biofuel Production from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Ukraine

Pravdyva Liudmyla, Prysiazhniuk Oleh, Khakhula Valerii, Fedoruk Yurii, Shushkivska Nataliia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 5

94--99

EN

The influence of the elements of cultivation technology on the productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as a feedstock for further processing is gaining relevance. The study was conducted in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine at the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets in the years 2016–2019. The studied factors were seed and sowings treatment with a growth regulator containing a complex of water-soluble fulvic acids, enzymes, vitamins, and phytohormones. The highest yield of grain (7.1 t/ha), biomass (35.9 t/ha), bioethanol (2.37 t/ha), solid biofuel (11.14 t/ha), and estimated energy output (240.65 GJ/ha) from biomass were obtained in the treatment where both seeds and sowings were treated with a growth regulator. A close relationship between yield and energy performance is found.

18

Pool boiling on horizontal tube, evaluation of ten correlations

Baki Touhami, Sahel Djamel

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

LXX, nr 4

481--495

EN

The heat transfer coefficient during the pool boiling on the outside of a horizontal tube can be predicted by correlations. Our choice was based on ten correlations known from the literature. The experimental data were recovered from the recent work, for different fluids used. An evaluation was made of agreement between each of the correlations and the experimental data. The results of the present study firstly showed a good reliability for the correlations of untsov [10], Stephan and Abdeslam [11] with deviations of 20% and 27%, respectively. Also, the results revealed acceptable agreements for the correlations of Kruzhlin [6], Mc Nelly [7] and Touhami [15] with deviations of 26%, 29% and 29% respectively. The remaining correlations showed very high deviations from the experimental data. Finally, improvements have been made in the correlations of Shekriladze [12] and Mostinski [9], and a new correlation was proposed giving convincing results.

19

Defining Irrigation Scheduling Based on Crop Water Stress Index and Physiological Parameters for Hybrid Corn in Semi-Arid Climate

Ucak Ali Beyhan, Saltuk Burak, Rolbiecki Roman, Atilgan Atilgan

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2022

|

Tom 24

231--245

EN

The goal of this study is to determine the crop water stress index (CWSI) and irrigation scheduling based on CWSI values, as well as to examine the correlations between CWSI, physiological parameters and grain yield of hybrid corn P31A34 in semi-arid climate conditions. In 2014 and 2015, the upper limit (UL) temperatures at which plants were entirely exposed to water stress were 1.178°C and 2.38°C, respectively. When the corn grain yield began to decline, the CWSI threshold value was 0.34, indicating the yield limit. Grain yield, crop water consumption, crop water stress index, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency and leaf area index were found to have negative correlations (p ≤ 0.01) with CWSI values in both years of the study. The findings revealed that in semi-arid climate conditions, a maximum of 30% water deficit could be used during the growing period of the corn compared to full irrigation (I100) for water savings and that a water deficit greater than 30% results in considerable grain yield losses. In areas with limited water resources, the moderate water deficit (I70) may be a viable alternative to the I100.

20

Statistical analysis of road freight transport in Catalonia

Boldizsar Adrienn

Production Engineering Archives

|

2022

|

Vol. 28, Iss. 1

40--49

EN

This article describes the links between economic level, investment in Research & development (R&D), and Catalan freight transport between 2006 and 2016. Catalonia is the second most populous area in Spain, northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, whose economy ranks second among the Autonomous Communities, surpassed only by the Community of Madrid, to speak of a significant economic and social region. The study sought to answer the question of what economic contexts exist in the region regarding freight transport. To do all this, it uses mathematical-statistical tools to explore the relationships between real data sets, which were calculated using seven indicators. The analyses suggest a positive increase in the volume of imports and exports of goods in the region. The same is true for GDP per capita. It came as a surprise that virtually no positive correlations existed between R&D and any other indicators. In analysing the indicators, we found that the current economy was pushed back by the 2008 world economic change, similarly to international trends. At the same time, there has been rapid growth since 2010, especially in exports. This also means that Spain, particularly the Catalan region, has serious trade relations, which affect the region’s economic development and the freight transport industry.