Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

BIM w projektowaniu obiektów budowlanych

Przybyłowicz Paweł

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 9

35--36

2

Weryfikacja poprawności transferu danych BIM w celu obliczeń MES na przykładzie obiektu usługowo-biurowego

Pabian Katarzyna, Wosatko Adam

Przegląd Budowlany

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2020

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R. 91, nr 12

20--29

PL

Artykuł dotyczy porównania współpracy pomiędzy programami inżynierskimi na podstawie transferu danych modelu zgodnie z ideą BIM. W tym celu taki sam model BIM obiektu usługowo-biurowego utworzono w dwóch różnych programach źródłowych, a następnie wykonano jego eksport i poddano weryfikacji za pomocą analizy MES. Obiekt składa się z hali stalowej oraz dwóch niewielkich budynków biurowych o konstrukcji żelbetowej. Do modelowania użyto programów REVIT oraz TEKLA, a obliczenia wykonano za pomocą programu ROBOT. Weryfikacja MES zawiera głównie analizę statyczną, ale pokazane są także wyniki dla zagadnienia drgań własnych.

EN

The paper evaluates the interaction between software packages for engineers on the basis of data transfer according to the BIM idea. For this purpose the same model of an office-service building set is prepared in two different source packages and next it is exported and verified using the FEM analysis. The facility consists of a steel hall and two small office buildings with reinforced concrete structure. The REVIT and TEKLA programs are selected for modeling, while package ROBOT is used for computations. The FEM verification contains mainly a static analysis, but the results of an eigen-vibration problem are also shown.

3

Wpływ jakości dokumentacji projektowej na prawidłowość realizacji obiektów budowlanych w energetyce

Runkiewicz L., Sieczkowski J.

Materiały Budowlane

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2016

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nr 5

18--19

PL

Inwestycje związane z energetyką są z reguły długotrwałe i kosztowne. Ich jakość w dużym stopniu zależy od jakości dokumentacji projektowej. W artykule wskazano wymagania norm i przepisów związanych z poprawnym przygotowaniem dokumentacji projektowej, a także potrzebę wykonania jej sprawdzenia, najlepiej przez stronę trzecią.

EN

Investments connected with energetic are, as a rule, long-termand costly. Their quality depends largely on the quality of the design documentation. The paper pointed out the requirements of standards and regulations relating to the proper preparation of design documentation and the need to verify it preferably by a third party.

4

Ocena poprawności rozwiązań materiałowych nadproży okiennych w aspekcie cieplno-wilgotnościowym

Dybowska M., Pawłowski K., Lewandowski Ł.

Materiały Budowlane

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2015

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nr 5

95--97

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono szczegółową analizę porównawczą parametrów fizykalnych połączenia ściany zewnętrznej z oknem w przekroju przez nadproże. Przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń numerycznych wybranych rozwiązań proponowanych przez producentów materiałów i systemów budowlanych.

XX

The article was carried out for a detailed comparison of physical connection parameters outer wall with a window in a section through the lintel. Presents the results of numerical calculations of selected solutions proposed by the manufacturers of building materials and systems.

5

System oceny i zapewnienia jakości badań biegłości laboratoriów przy ich akredytacji

Volodarsky E., Warsza Z. L., Kosheva L.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2014

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T. 93, nr 8

1252-1254

6

Applying Message Logging to Support Fault-Tolerance of SOA Systems

Danilecki A, Hołenko M, Kobusińska A, Szychowiak M., Zierhoffer P

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2013

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Vol. 38, No. 3

145-158

EN

This paper addresses a problem of increasing fault-tolerance of service-oriented systems built of RESTful web services. To solve such a problem, rollback-recovery protocol is proposed. The protocol employs known rollback-recovery techniques, however, it modifies and specially adjusts them for specific characteristics of the SOA systems. The paper includes a proof of safety property of the proposed protocol.

7

A Note on Analysis of BPMN Diagrams

Ligęza A.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2011

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R. 15, nr 12

210-212

EN

BPMN has recently become a de facto standard for modeling and design of complex software intensive processes. It is widely used not only in the Business Process domain. Numerous tools supporting visual edition have been developed. Despite its unquestionable advantages the semantic analysis of logical properties seems to be one of the weaknesses of this formalism. In order to assure reliable process execution the overall structure of the graph and its logical operation should be verified.

PL

BPMN staje się powoli standardem de facto w modelowaniu i projektowaniu procesów zawierających istotne komponenty programowe. Jest powszechnie stosowany nie tylko dla modelowania procesów biznesowych. Zaimplementowano wiele narzędzi wspomagających wizualne projektowanie diagramów BPMN. Niestety, pomimo niezaprzeczalnych sukcesów semantyka BPMN i analiza własności logicznych stanowią ciągle słabe strony. Aby zapewnić niezawodną pracę systemów, należy przeprowadzić formalną analizę systemu.

8

O wbudowanych testerach biernych

Brzeziński K.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2011

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R. 57, nr 1

61-63

PL

Rozważa się modele architektury rozproszonego, reaktywnego systemu zdarzeń dyskretnych, do którego zostaje dołączony bądź którego częścią staje się tester bierny. Modele adekwatne dla testowania aktywnego okazują się niespójne w kontekście testowania biernego. Identyfikuje się tu naturę tej niespójności i proponuje się nowy, bardzo prosty model, dzięki któremu tester bierny może zostać potraktowany jak każdy inny komponent systemu, co pozwala na naturalne modelowanie także systemów, w które tester bierny został wbudowany (zagnieżdżony).

EN

In this paper a controversial concept of passive testing [2] is discussed, focusing on representation of a passive tester within the architecture of a distributed, reactive Discrete Event System. It is argued that well known architectural models used for paradigmatic active testing (Fig. 1) become deficient when applied to structures with a passive tester (Fig. 2), which undermines the basis for the formal treatment of passive testing. It is shown that such direct re-use either leads to intrinsically inconsistent and unimplementable interpretations (Fig. 2b and e), or requires additional mechanisms (co-location of a tester, Fig. 2c; instrumentation of a tested entity, Fig. 2d) that are restrictive and inconsistent with the specific use patterns of passive testing. A very simple, minimal architectural model is proposed (Fig. 3), in which each system entity is equipped with a pair of input and output ports, and communication channels are members of the Cartesian product of port sets. This model does not allow the inconsistent elements of previous models to be directly expressed, while making explicit their metaphorical interpretation (Fig. 4). It can deal with both external and embedded passive testers (Fig. 5), as they are treated exactly as any other system entity.

9

Testowanie w cyklu życia systemu: nieregularności metastandaryzacji

Brzeziński K.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2009

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nr 8-9

805-810

PL

Rozważa się proces konstruowania (projektowania i produkowania) systemów teleinformatycznych, w którym dochodzi do konwergencji podejść i modeli charakterystycznych dla telekomunikacji i informatyki. Na podstawie wspólnego modelu takiego procesu identyfikuje się niespójności koncepcyjne i ukryte założenia obu tych podejść, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do weryfikacji i walidacji powstającego produktu metodami testowymi. Jako szczególny typ produktu rozważa się standardy, których jakość i zagadnienia projektowe są przedmiotem metastandardów.

EN

The construction (design and production) process of information systems is investigated, in which the approaches and models characteristic of telecommunications and software engineering tend to converge. Basing on a common model of such process, the conceptual inconsistencies and hidden assumptions of both these approaches are discussed, in particular those pertaining to verification and validation by means of testing. Standards are identified as a specific kind of product, the quality and design problems of which are the object of meta-standards.

10

Sposoby ujęcia danych a poprawność map opracowanych metodą kartogramu

Tomaszewska M.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2009

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T. 41, nr 3

209-220

PL

W artykule krytycznie podsumowano dorobek kartografii w zakresie stosowanych podziałów sposobów ujęcia danych, przedstawiono propozycję typologii danych uwzględniającą najczęściej stosowane przez kartografów kryteria i na jej tle oceniono poglądy kartografów na poprawność kartogramów w zależności od sposobu ujęcia danych wykorzystanych do ich opracowania.

EN

Choropleth is currently one of the most commonly used methods of cartographic presentation. However, the rules of application of this method have not been clearly established yet. One of the controversial issues is the character of data. Using the criterion of presentation data can be divided into 'raw' data, not related to any other data (i.e. absolute) and data in the form of a fraction, related to other data (i.e. relative). The method of presentation also determines further divisions of relative data used in cartographic literature. Division into the two categories (absolute and relative data) is widely accepted by cartographers, but the way they interpret relative data varies. It is visible in various terminology used for relative data by particular authors and various elements that it refers to (B.D. Dent 1996; K. Kocimowski, J. Kwiatek 1976; M. Kraak, F.-J. Ormeling 1998; J. Pastawski (ed.) 2006; L. Ratajski 1973, 1989; A.H. Robinson 1953; A.H. Robinson 1995; K.A. Saliszczew 1976; Slocum et al. 2009; W. Witt 1967, E. Wonka 1979, J.K. Wright 1995).The criteria used for classification of the character of data are not sufficient for establishing a specific definitive and exclusive logical division of the character of data (W. Marciszewski 1988). The author suggests a typological approach. When determining types the author proposes to keep the division into absolute and relative data (obtained by referring one set of data to another). On the other hand one has to recognize the aspect of data processing by mathematical-statistical operations and classify them as processed and unprocessed. Using the two criteria presented above the author proposes to determine four main data types: absolute unprocessed (e.g. the number of births), absolute processed (e.g. average number of births in the years 2000-2005), relative unprocessed (e.g. relation of births to deaths), relative processed (variation of the relation of births to deaths). The above considerations concerning the typological approach to the character of data can be presented as a scheme (fig. 1). Since some data types can not be classified as either purely relative or absolute, the sets overlap (gray area). This approach creates two intermediate types: data which can be considered either absolute processed or relative unprocessed (e.g. the number of cars per family in Warsaw treated as the total number of cars related to the number of families, or as an average number of cars per family) and data which can be classified either as absolute processed or relative processed (e.g. increase of the average number of cars per family in Warsaw in the last decade). Therefore six categories can be established. Cartographers agree, that the most proper method of map elaboration using the choropleth method is the one which uses relative data applied to the entire area of enumeration units, shown on a map of e.g. population density (B.D. Dent 1996; G.F. Jenks 1976; G.F. Jenks, F.C. Caspall 1971; F.J. Monkhouse 1970; F.J. Monkhouse, H.R. Wilkinson 1971; J.-C. Muller 1983,1985; M.-J. Kraak, F. Ormeling 1998; J. Pasławski 1991, 2003; J. Pravda 1983, 2004, T.A. Slocum et al. 2009). This group of the character of data - presented on the scheme as a dense dot pattern (fig. 2) - constitutes only a part of two basie types representing relative data. Method of elaboration of a choropleth basing on such data and its correct interpretation (linked to the size of basie fields) is presented in fig. 3. For choropleth map design cartographers also accept the use of other relative data: amounts related to a part of the area of enumeration units (e.g. share of wheat sown area in the total sown area), amounts related to the total population of a unit (e.g. share of population aged 1595 in total population), amounts related to a part of the population of a unit (e.g. percentage of working individuals) and amounts referred to other elements (e.g. number of inhabitants per pharmacy), (among others: D.J. Cuff, K.R. Bieri 1979; G.F. Jenks 1976; M.-J. Kraak, F. Ormeling 1998; L. Ratajski 1989; A.H. Robinson et al. 1988, 1995; K.A. Saliszczew 2001). The group of data which the article describes as relative (related to elements other than the total area of the enumeration unit) refers to two, previously discussed basie types (blue color) and two intermediate types (gray color). Its range is shown in sparse dot pattern (fig. 2). The reader interpreting the choropleth prepared basing on the data referring to elements other than the total area of the enumeration unit should be aware that the values of the presented indicator can be unconnected to the area of those units, and that the indicator's value is also affected by the data in its denominator, though such information is often not provided (fig. 4). Most cartographers are convinced that absolute data should be presented in the form of proportional symbols. Specialist who deny the possibility of applying absolute data for preparation of choropleth maps point out interpretative difficulties resulting from different size of reference units (D.J. Cuff, K. R. Bieri 1979; B.D. Dent 1996; G.F. Jenks 1976; A.H. Robinson, R. Sale, J. Mor-rison 1988; T.A. Slocum et al. 2009). When reading a choropleth map prepared using absolute data one should overlook the size of enumeration units (fig. 5), as in the case of choropleth presentations basing on relative data (referring to other elements than the enumeration unit). It should be pointed out that in the case of such presentation the values are not affected by any other data, which makes interpretation easier. It should be reminded that some data classified as relative data can be at the same time classified as absolute data. Therefore it is difficult to accept a notion that absolute data can not be used for choropleth maps. Considering the arguments presented by cartographers and the rangę of ambiguity concerning the classification of the character of data, one should recommend the use of relative data (referring to the whole enumeration unit) for preparation of choropleth maps. However, bearing in mind how common choropleth maps are, such recommendation is unlikely to change cartographic practice. What is more, application of other than relative data (refering to the whole area) for choropleth maps may have certain advantages e.g. basing on a choropleth it is easy, on the general level of map reading, to separate regions characterized by a certain value. Further theoretical considerations concerning the correetness of choropleth maps should also account for the results of empirical research on the preferences and skills of such maps' users.

11

Skolem Machines

Fisher J., Bezem M.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2009

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Vol. 91, nr 1

79-103

EN

The Skolem machine is a Turing-complete machine model where the instructions are first-order formulas of a specific form. We introduce Skolem machines and prove their logical correctness and completeness. Skolem machines compute queries for the Geolog language, a rich fragment of first-order logic. The concepts of Geolog trees and complete Geolog trees are defined, and these tree concepts are used to show logical correctness and completeness of Skolem machine computations. The universality of Skolem machine computations is demonstrated. Lastly, the paper outlines implementation design issues using an abstract machine model approach.

12

Correctness of a constrained control Mayer's problem for a class of singularly perturbed functional-differential systems

Glizer V. Y.

Control and Cybernetics

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2008

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Vol. 37, no 2

329-351

EN

A Mayer's problem for a singularly perturbed controlled system with the general type of a small state delay is considered. The control is subject to geometrical constraints. The cost functional is a function of the terminal value of the slow state variable. A simpler parameter-free optimal control problem (the reduced problem) is associated with the original problem. A convergence of the optimal value of the cost functional in the original problem to the optimal value of the cost functional in the reduced problem, as a parameter of singular perturbation tends to zero, is established. An asymptotic suboptimality of the optimal control of the reduced problem in the original problem is shown. These results are extended to some more general optimal control problems. An illustrative example is presented.

13

Proving Nets Correct via Cause-Effect Structures (An Experiment)

Czaja L.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2003

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Vol. 54, nr 2,3

165-183

EN

Proving safety and liveness of parallel systems is of unquestionable importance in system construction activity. A proof method for systems represented by nets (cause-effect structures and Petri nets) is proposed. Its outline is the following. (1) Let a problem specification as a formal theory i.e. a language system with specific relation symbols (operations, in particular), axioms and first-order inference rules be given. For each symbol introduce a class of atomic c-e structures (counterpart of Petri net transitions) to be the symbol's operational representative. (2) Using algebraic calculus of cause-effect structures, construct - from the atoms - a c-e structure and equivalent net intended to behave in accordance with the axioms (a mechanical step); (3) From the cause-effect structure just constructed, infer an algebraic structure and prove it to be a model (in terms of model theory) of the axiomatic system specifying the problem.

14

Uniwersalna i technologiczna terminologia szkła (7). Podział, genza, znaczenie, zasięg, zakres i kryteria w przekrojach: interdyscyplinarnym i specjalistycznym. Cz. II.

Sipowicz A.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2002

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R. 53, nr 6

32-36

PL

W części I opublikowanej w nr 3/02 omówiono problematykę terminologiczną w ujęciu interdyscyplinarnym i specjalistycznym. Wprowadzono pojęcia: uniwersalnej i technologicznej terminologii szkła. Stwierdzono istnienie zasadniczych różnic w sformułowaniach terminów uzależnione od poziomów wiedzy (rzemieślniczego, inżynierskiego i naukowego).

15

Checking the correctness of numerical solutions to equations of motion

Strzałko J.

Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering

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1999

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Vol. 3, nr 1

57--76

EN

A method for checking the correctness of numerical solutions to equations of motion for conservative and non-conservative mechanical systems expressed in terms of generalised coordinates has been presented. The suggested method consists in checking the energy level in a system under consideration. An application of the verification method of the solving procedure in numerical computations consists in supplementing equations of motion with an additional differential equation describing changes in the total energy and in tracing time histories of the balance of the energy supplied to the system, produced and dissipated in it, as well as the energy transferred to the surroundings. The equation of the energy balance changes is written by means of a certain function, whose derivative fulfils the condition C(t)=0. The solution accuracy is shown by a time history of the function C(t), which should remain constant versus time. A way the function C(t) is derived for holonomic systems described by Lagrange's equations of the second kind, for systems with kinematic constraints described by Lagrange's equations of the second kind with Lagrange multipliers, as well as by Maggi's equations and canonical equations, is given. The examples of applications presented concern, first of all, models of engineering machines.