Data structure and Hough-type algorithm suitable for finding the lines having the slope exactly specified by the ratio of small co-prime numbers is proposed. It is suitable for analysing images like the Ulam square in which the points representing prime numbers form such structures as contiguous lines and other regular sequences of points. This analysis is different from that in the case of images in which the real-world objects are represented approximately. Until now in the Ulam square the horizontal and vertical sequences, and those inclined by 45 deg were typically analysed. With the proposed method the sequences having slopes represented by such tangents like 1/3, 2/3, 3/4 etc. can be looked for.
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It is shown that the limit in an abstract version of Szego's limit theorem can be expressed in terms of the antistable dynamics of the system. When the system dynamics are regular, it is shown that the limit equals the difference between the antistable Lyapunov exponents of the system and those of its inverse. In the general case, the elements of the dichotomy spectrum give lower and upper bounds.
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