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1

Wykorzystanie nanotechnologii w dystrybucji energii elektrycznej

Wajda Józef

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2022

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R. 90, nr 2

12--16

PL

Ciągły wzrost zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną w skali globalnej wiąże się z coraz wyższymi kosztami jej produkcji, wymuszającymi wdrażanie nowych rozwiązań technicznych, mniej szkodliwych dla środowiska naturalnego. Dotychczasowe metody produkcji energii elektrycznej pozyskiwanej z paliw kopalnych, emitujące do atmosfery ogromne ilości spalin i zagrażające egzystencji milionów żywych istnień są zastępowane energią odnawialną: wiatru, wody i słońca (elektrownie wodne, wiatrowe, fotowoltaiczne). Duży problem stanowi dostarczenie energii do często odległych odbiorców, co w znacznym stopniu ułatwiają już wdrażane osiągnięcia nanotechnologiczne.

EN

The continuous increase in demand for electricity on a global scale is associated with ever higher production costs, forcing the implementation of new technical solutions that are less harmful to the natural environment. The existing methods of producing electricity obtained from fossil fuels, emitting a huge amount of exhaust gases into the atmosphere and threatening the existence of millions of living creatures, is replaced by renewable energy of wind, water and sun (hydro, wind, photovoltaic power plants). A big problem is the supply of energy to often distant recipients, which is largely facilitated by the already implemented nanotechnology achievements.

2

Optimization of Palm Oil Boiler Ash Biomass Waste as a Source of Silica with Various Preparation Methods

Bukit Bunga Fisikanta, Frida Erna, Humaidi Syahrul, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Bukit Nurdin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

193--199

EN

Several studies have synthesized silica from waste. The silica synthesis method from agricultural waste aims to produce high purity silica with low contaminants at an affordable cost. This study synthesized silica from oil palm boiler ash (OPBA) by means of various methods, such as ball milling, coprecipitation, and modification with methyl trichlorosilane (MTCS). XRD characterization results showed that the OPBA synthesized with ballmill and coprecipitation method has the smallest particle size of 14.90 nm. Morphology showed the OPBA obtained by using the ballmill method, the OPBA synthesized with ballmill and coprecipitation method, as well as the OPBA synthesized with ballmill, coprecipitation, and modified with methyl trichlorosilane as spherical particles. At the same time, the FTIR results show an absorption peak which is a characteristic of silica confirmed by the XRF results, where silica content is dominant.

3

Pseudocapacitive Characteristics of Mg Doped ZnO Nanospheres Prepared by Coprecipitation

Arul S., Senthilnathan T., Jeevanantham V., Satheesh Kumar K. V.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2021

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Vol. 66, iss. 4

1141--1148

EN

A n-type semiconductor ZnO has high transmittance features, excellent chemical stability and electrical properties. It is also commonly used in a range of fields, such as gas sensors, photocatalysts, optoelectronics, and solar photocell. Magnesium-doped zinc oxide (Mg-ZnO) nano powders were effectively produced using a basic chemical precipitation process at 45°C. Calcined Mg-ZnO nano powders have been characterized by FTIR, XrD, SEM-EDX and Pl studies. XRD measurements from Mg-ZnO revealed development of a crystalline structure with an average particle size of 85 nm and SEM analysis confirmed the spherical morphology. Electrochemical property of produced Mg-ZnO nanoparticles was analyzed and the specific capacitance value of 729 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 current density was recorded and retained a specific capacitance ~100 percent at 2 A g-1 current density.

4

Oznaczanie ceru w kamieniach do zapalniczek metodą spektrofotometrii Uv-Vis

Kleszcz K., Mika M.

Tarnowskie Colloquia Naukowe. Nauki Techniczne i Ścisłe

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2017

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T. 4, nr 3

125--128

PL

W pracy opisano pomiar zawartości ceru w kamieniach do zapalniczek metodą spektrofotometryczną, która wykorzystuje tworzenie barwnego kompleksu ceru z formaldoksymem. W celu uzyskania wiarygodnych wyników, konieczne okazało się oddzielenie obecnego w próbkach żelaza. Dokonano tego wykorzystując metodę wytrącania szczawianu ceru.

EN

Determination of cerium in ferrocerium lighter flint stone by means of spectrophotometry is described. The method is based on the formation of cerium-formaldoxime complex. In order to achieve accurate results, it was necessary to separate iron which was present in the samples. It was achieved by precipitation of cerium oxalate.

5

Synteza i charakterystyka nanokrystalicznego Fe3O4

Pachla A., Kiełbasa K., Lendzion-Bieluń Z.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 11

2311--2313

PL

Przedstawiono sposób otrzymywania nanocząstek magnetycznych Fe3O4 metodą współstrącania. Metoda polegała na dodaniu węglanu sodu (Na2CO3) do mieszaniny glikolu polietylenowego i roztworu soli zawierającego jony żelaza w odpowiednim stosunku molowym Fe3+/Fe2+. Glikol polietylenowy został użyty jako substancja zabezpieczająca tlenek żelaza Fe3O4 przed utlenianiem i aglomeracją nanocząstek, a także umożliwiająca dalszą funkcjonalizację otrzymanego tlenku. Zbadano wpływ temperatury strącania i szybkości mieszania na strukturę otrzymanego tlenku 3O4.

EN

Fe3O4 was pptd. from an aq. soln. of Fe2+ and Fe3+ by addn. of Na2CO3 in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) used to protect the product against oxidn. and agglomeration of nanoparticles. Reaction was carried out at 80–90°C and varying rates of stirring (400–6000 rpm). The presence of Fe3O4 phase was evidenced by X-ray powder diffraction. The increase of reaction temp. and stirring rate resulted in an increase of the av. crystallite size (from 12 nm to 21 nm).

6

Otrzymywanie i badanie nanocząstek siarczku cynku domieszkowanego miedzią

Matras-Postołek K., Sovinska S., Żaba A., Bogdał D.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 10

2080--2084

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych procesu otrzymywania nieorganicznych nanocząstek siarczku cynku domieszkowanego miedzią (ZnS:Cu) w roztworze wodnym, za pomocą metody współstrącania. Badano wpływ ilości użytej domieszki miedzi oraz rodzaju użytego stabilizatora na właściwości luminescencyjne nanokryształów Cu/ZnS. Otrzymane nanocząstki analizowano za pomocą metod UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD oraz metody dynamicznego rozpraszania światła (DLS). Otrzymane nanocząstki Cu/ZnS stabilizowane kwasem 3-merkaptopropionowym charakteryzowały się stosunkowo małymi rozmiarami (ok. 10 nm) oraz intensywną niebieskozieloną luminescencją.

EN

Cu/ZnS nanoparticles (grain size about 10 nm, Cu content 1–3%) were co-pptd. from an aq. soln. of Zn(OAc)₂ with CuCl₂ in presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or NH₂CH₂CH₂SH·HCl as stabilizing agents. The nanocrystals prepd. by using MAP contained 1% of Cu and showed the highest blue-green luminescence intensity.

7

Experimental investigation on heat transfer rate of Co–Mn ferrofluids in external magnetic field

Margabandhu M., Sendhilnathan S., Senthilkumar S., Hirthna K.

Materials Science Poland

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2016

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Vol. 34, No. 2

427--436

EN

Manganese substituted cobalt ferrite (Co1–xMnxFe2O4 with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1) nanopowders were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were investigated by various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The XRD results confirmed the presence of cubic spinel structure of the prepared powders and the average crystallite size of magnetic particles ranging from 23 to 45 nm. The VSM results showed that the magnetic properties varied with an increase in substituted manganese while SEM analysis showed the change in the morphology of obtained magnetic nanoparticles. The TG/DTA analysis indicated the formation of crystalline structure of the synthesized samples. The heat transfer rate was measured in specially prepared magnetic nanofluids (nanoparticles dispersed in carrier fluid transformer oil) as a function of time and temperature in presence of external magnetic fields. The experimental analysis indicated enhanced heat transfer rate of the magnetic nanofluids which depended upon the strength of external magnetic field and chemical composition.

8

Properties and activity of the cobalt catalysts for NH3 &enspsynthesis obtained by co-precipitation – the effect of lanthanum addition

Zybert M., Karasińska M., Truszkiewicz E., Mierzwa B., Raróg-Pilecka W.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2015

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Vol. 17, nr 1

138--143

EN

In modern research on catalysts for NH3&enspsynthesis a lot of attention is paid to cobalt. In this work the new catalytic systems based on cobalt are presented. Unsupported cobalt catalysts singly promoted (La or Ba) and doubly promoted (La and Ba) were prepared and tested in NH3&enspsynthesis reaction under commercial synthesis conditions. Characterization studies revealed that lanthanum plays a role of a structural promoter, which improves the surface of catalyst precursors and prevents from sintering during calcination. However, lanthanum has a negative effect on the reduction of cobalt oxide, but the addition of barium promoter (Co/La/Ba catalyst) diminishes the negative impact of La. The co-promotion of cobalt with lanthanum and barium results in the increasing of the active phase surface and improvement of its activity in NH3&enspsynthesis.

9

Synthesis and characterization of YAG:Ce phosphors for white LEDs

Tucureanu V., Matei A., Avram A. M.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2015

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Vol. 23, No. 4

239-251

EN

Worldwide commercial interest in the production of cerium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG:Ce) phosphors is reflected in the widespread use of white light emitting devices. Despite of the fact that YAG:Ce is considered a “cool phosphor” it is the most important in white LED technology. This article reviews the developed techniques for producing phosphors with superior photoluminescence efficiency, including solid-state reaction, sol-gel and (co)precipitation methods. Also, by co-doping with rare earth elements, a red/blue shift is reached in the spectrum. The characteristics of YAG:Ce phosphors are investigated because the properties of the phosphors are strongly influenced by the synthesis routes and the sintering temperature treatment. After the phase analysis, morphology and emission studies of the phosphors there may be seen the conditions when the transition from the amorphous phase to the crystalline phase appears, when luminescent properties are influenced by the crystalline form, purity, average size of the particles, co-doping and so on.

10

Influence of different synthesis conditions on properties of oleic acid-coated-Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Aliakbari A., Seifi M., Mirzaee S., Hekmatara H.

Materials Science Poland

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2015

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Vol. 33, No. 1

100--106

EN

In the present paper, iron oxide nanoparticles coated by oleic acid have been synthesized in different conditions by coprecipitation method. For investigating the effect of time spent on adding the oleic acid to the precursor solution, two different processes have been considered. The as synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Magnetic measurement was carried out at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the magnetic nanoparticles decorated with oleic acid decreased the saturation of magnetization. From the data, it can also be concluded that the magnetization of Fe3O4/oleic acid nanoparticles depends on synthesis conditions.

11

Produkcja gazu syntezowego w reakcji suchego reformingu metanu na katalizatorach hydrotalkitowych

Dębek R., Gramatyka A., Motak M., da Costa P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2014

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T. 93, nr 12

2026-2032

PL

Metodą współstrącania syntezowano katalizatory hydrotalkitowe i ich część poddano wymianie jonowej z roztworem kompleksów metal-EDTA w celu wprowadzenia do katalizatora związków niklu i ceru. Otrzymane katalizatory scharakteryzowano za pomocą XRD, FTIR, niskotemperaturowej sorpcji N2, H2-TPR oraz analizy elementarnej, a następnie testowano w reakcji suchego reformingu metanu w temp. 550°C. Wyniki testów katalitycznych potwierdziły dużą aktywność katalizatorów na bazie hydrotalkitu. Dodatkowo zaobserwowano promujący wpływ związków ceru na pracę katalizatora. Suchy reforming metanu jest procesem o dużym potencjalnym zastosowaniu jako chemiczna metoda utylizacji ditlenku węgla, w której można uzyskać istotny z punk tu widzenia ekonomicznego produkt, jakim jest gaz syntezowy. W pracy skupiono się na katalizatorach niklowych testowanych w reakcji suchego reformingu. Dużą uwagę poświęcono katalizatorom bazującym na materiałach hydrotalkitowych ze względu na wysokie stopnie konwersji metanu oraz ditlenku węgla uzyskiwane dla tych materiałów, jak również ich dużą stabilność.

EN

Three Al or MgAI-supported Ni or NiCe catalyst were prepd. by pptn. from aq. solns. of the resp. salts, studied for structures and used for reforming of the Ar-dild. MeH with C02 at 550°C under atm. pressure. The MgAINi catalyst gave the highest conversions of MeH and C02 (about 50%). A review, with 26 refs., of the catalysts used for MeH reforming was also included.

12

Synthesis and characterization of tin oxide nanoparticles via the Co-precipitation method

Tazikeh S, Akbari A, Talebi A, Talebi E

Materials Science Poland

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2014

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Vol. 32, No. 1

98--101

EN

The present study illustrates the characteristics and co-precipitation method for synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles. The tin oxide nanoparticles were produced using tin chloride, Triton X-100 and ammonia precipitators. Structure, size and surface morphology of the tin oxide was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show sphere shaped tin oxide nanoparticles without chlorine contamination. The crystallite size determined by the Scherrer formula is about 23 nm. Lattice parameters calculated by Nelson-Riley equation show high quality of crystallization.

13

Synthesis of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles by thermal-decomposition of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles

Aliahmad M., Nasari-Moghaddam M.

Materials Science Poland

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2013

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Vol. 31, No. 2

264--268

EN

In this research work, we prepared g-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by thermal-decomposition of Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation method at room temperature. This simple, soft and cheap method is suitable for preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles (g-Fe2O3; Fe3O4). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The XRD and FT-IR results indicated the formation of g-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The TEM images showed that the g-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were spherical, and their size was 18 and 22 nm respectively. Magnetic properties have been measured by VSM at room temperature. Hysteresis loops showed that the g-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were super-paramagnetic.

14

Współstrącanie jako skuteczna metoda preparatyki katalizatorów kobaltowych do syntezy amoniaku

Karolewska M., Wójcik P., Truszkiewicz E., Narowski R., Raróg-Pilecka W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2012

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T. 91, nr 11

2142--2145

PL

Przeprowadzono badania mające na celu ocenę skuteczności i powtarzalności metody współstrącania jako sposobu preparatyki katalitycznych układów kobaltowych przeznaczonych do procesu syntezy NH₃. Otrzymano serię katalizatorów kobaltowych promowanych cerem i barem. Do ich scharakteryzowania zastosowano TG-MS, fizysorpcję N₂ oraz H₂-TPD. Aktywność katalityczną badano w reakcji syntezy amoniaku w warunkach zbliżonych do warunków przemysłowych pracy katalizatorów. Przedstawione wyniki potwierdzają powtarzalność metody preparatywnej. Umożliwia ona uzyskanie katalizatorów kobaltowo-cerowo-barowych o podobnym składzie oraz zbliżonej i wysokiej aktywności. Zbadano wpływ temperatury kalcynacji węglanów kobaltu i ceru na właściwości i aktywność badanych kontaktów. Zwiększanie tej temperatury z 500°C do 800°C wywiera niekorzystny wpływ na parametry teksturalne oraz aktywność kontaktów w reakcji syntezy NH₃. Uzyskane katalizatory kobaltowe promowane cerem i barem wykazują aktywność wyższą niż aktywność konwencjonalnego katalizatora żelazowego KM I.

EN

Four Ba-promoted Co-Ce catalysts for NH₃ synthesis were prepd. by copptn. with K₂CO₃ from aq. solns. of Co(NO₃)₂ and following impregnation with Ba(NO₂)₂. The catalysts were tested by thermogravimetric anal., physisorption of N₂ and temp.-programmed desorption of H₂. Their catalytic activity was tested under industrial conditions of the NH₃ synthesis (400°C, 6,3 MPa). The increase of calcination temp. from 500°C up to 800°C had an unfavourable effect on textural parameters and the activity of the catalysts. The activity of the catalysts was higher than that of the com. Fe catalyst.

15

Katalizatory kobaltowe do syntezy amoniaku otrzymywane metodą współstrącania

Karolewska M., Nalewajko O., Truszkiewicz E., Raróg-Pilecka W.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2012

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T. 91, nr 6

1224-1228

PL

Wykorzystując metodę współstrącania uzyskano serię promowanych katalizatorów kobaltowych do syntezy NH₃. W roli promotorów zastosowano cer i bar. Przebadano pięć związków z grupy węglanów oraz wodorotlenków jako odczynniki strącające. Otrzymane układy katalityczne scharakteryzowano przy pomocy fizysorpcji azotu, pomiarów termograwimetrycznych (TG-MS) oraz temperaturowo-programowanej desorpcji wodoru (H₂-TPD). Zbadano aktywność katalityczną spreparowanych kontaktów w reakcji syntezy NH₃ pod ciśnieniem 6,3 MPa. Stwierdzono, że współstrącanie jest skuteczną metodą otrzymywania aktywnych katalizatorów kobaltowych przeznaczonych do syntezy amoniaku. Uzyskano katalizatory o aktywności wyższej niż aktywność konwencjonalnego katalizatora żelazowego KM I. Rodzaj użytego podczas preparatyki odczynnika strącającego wpływa na wielkość powierzchni fazy aktywnej kontaktów, a tym samym na ich aktywność. Najefektywniejszym spośród przebadanych odczynników strącających jest K₂CO₃.

EN

Five Ba-promoted Co-Ce catalysts for NH₃ synthesis were prepd. by alk. copptn. from aq. soln. of Co and Ce nitrates and impregnation with Ba(NO₂)₂. The catalysts were then tested by physisorption of N₂, thermogravimetric anal. and temp.-programmed desorption of H₂ as well as for catalytic activity in NH₃ synthesis under pressure 6.3 MPa. Activity of the catalysts was higher than that of a com. fused Fe catalyst. The most effective precipitant was K₂CO₃.

16

Synthesizing cysteine-coated magnetite nanoparticles as MRI contrast agent: Effect of pH and cysteine addition on particles size distribution

Ahmadi R., Ranjbarnodeh E., Gu N.

Materials Science Poland

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2012

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Vol. 30, No. 4

382--389

EN

Cysteine capped magnetite nanoparticles (10 to 20 nm) were synthesized via coprecipitation method under ultrasonic irradiation. The influence of pH value of the solution and cysteine addition on the size distribution and hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles were studied via TEM and PCS methods, respectively. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and VSM techniques, respectively. Coating density was calculated using TGA and TEM results. Cytotoxicity assessment performed by incubation of L929 cells, confirmed that ferrofiuids are biocompatible. MRI studies conducted on rats demonstrated suitability of synthesized nanoparticles as contrast agents, especially for imaging of the lymph nodes.

17

Influence of annealing on structural, morphological and optical properties of Cd x Zn1-x O nanopowder prepared by Co-precipitation method

Ali F. M., Abu-Assy M. K., El-Gazzar S., Iqbal M., Hussain M.

Materials Science Poland

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2012

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Vol. 30, No. 3

248--253

EN

Structural and optical properties of Cd x Zn1-x O (x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.1) nanopowder, synthesized by co-precipitation method have been investigated. The effect of annealing on the structural and morphological properties was studied using X-ray diffraction. The samples with x = 0.0 up to 0.075 exhibit wurtzite hexagonal phase, whereas, the sample with x = 0.1 shows two phases: wurtzite hexagonal ZnO and cubic CdO phase. This behavior is explained on the basis of solubility of CdO in ZnO. Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) results revealed the existence of Cd, Zn, and O elements in the nanopowder. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images confirm that the particle size of the prepared samples is in nano range. The optical band gap values obtained from the absorption spectra show that absorption depends on Cd composition. By doping of ZnO with CdO, a red shift in the absorption edge was observed.

18

Economically viable synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their characterization

Srivastava V., Singh P. K., Weng C. H., Sharma Y. C.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2011

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Vol. 13, nr 2

1-5

EN

Nano iron oxide particles (Fe3O4) were synthesized by coprecipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ by ammonia solution in the aqueous phase. Various instrumentation methods such as X ray Diffractometry (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometery (VSM) were used to characterize the properties of nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles was measured and was found to be between 10 to 15 nm. The value of saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles was found to be 55.26 emu/g. The BET surface area of nano iron oxide particles measured to be 86.55 m2/g.

19

Influence of processing on magnesium aluminate precursors morphology prepared by Co-precipitation

Wajler A., Tomaszewski H., Węglarz H., Diduszko R.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2011

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T. 63, nr 1

104-108

EN

The aim of the presented work was to study the influence of processing conditions on the morphology of magnesium aluminate spinel precursor powders, co-precipitated using ammonium hydrogen carbonate at temperatures ranging from 10 to 70°C. XRD showed the same phase composition of precursor powders independent of precipitation temperature ((NH4Al(OH)2CO3źH2O and Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16ź4H2O)). However, a strong difference in powder morphologies was found. The precursor prepared at 10°C consisted of round particles, while increasing the co-precipitation temperature resulted in rod-like grains. Magnesium aluminate precursors were calcined in air and then pressure-free vacuum sintered (1750°C/2h) without any powder pre-treatment or sintering additives. The best relative density of 98.9 % was obtained for ceramics prepared from the powder obtained at the lowest co-precipitation temperature.

PL

Celem prezentowanej pracy były badania nad wpływem warunków wytwarzania na morfologię proszków prekursora spinelu magnezowo-glinowego, współstrąconych za pomocą wodorowęglanu amonowego w temperaturach z przedziału 10 do 70°C. Badania XRD pokazały ten sam skład fazowy proszków prekursora niezależnie od temperatury strącania: (NH4Al(OH)2CO3źH2O i Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16ź4H2O). Jednakże, stwierdzono mocną różnicę w morfologii proszków. Prekursor przygotowany w 10°C składał się z okrągłych cząstek, podczas gdy zwiększanie temperatury współstrącania prowadziło do cząstek o kształcie prętów. Prekursory glinianu magnezowego kalcynowano w powietrzu, a następnie spiekano swobodnie w (1750°C/2h) bez żadnej obróbki wstępnej ani dodatków do spiekania. Największą gęstość wynoszącą 98.9 % uzyskano w przypadku ceramiki wytworzonej z proszku otrzymanego w najniższej temperaturze współstrącania.

20

A comparison of selected natural radionuclide concentrations in the thermal groundwater of Mszczonów and Cieplice with deep well water from Łódź city, Poland

Grabowski P., Długosz M., Szajerski P., Bem H.

Nukleonika

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2010

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Vol. 55, No. 2

181-185

EN

A simple procedure using α and γ spectrometry for the determination of natural radionuclides in two Polish geothermal water samples from Mszczonów and Cieplice, as well as in deep well groundwater from the city of Łódź, was described. The 222Rn radionuclide was directly extracted from 10 cm3 water samples to a scintillator solution placed in scintillation vials and determined by an liquid scintillation (LSC) technique with α/β separation. The activity concentrations of three radium nuclides: 228Ra(228Ac), 226Ra(222Rn), 224Ra, as well as 210Pb and 228Th were measured by γ spectrometry with an HPGe detector after their preconcentration on hydrated MnO2. 210Po was deposited on a silver disc from dissolved MnO2 precipitate after γ-spectrometry analysis and measured by α spectrometry. The concentration of 210Pb in the examined samples was below the detection limit of the method (< 6.2 mBq/dm3), whereas activity of its decay product 210Po was in the range 0.35–1.4 mBq/dm3. Higher activities of 228Ra (46.7 mBq/dm3), 226Ra (67.8 mBq/dm3) and 224Ra (22.4 mBq/dm3) were observed for the deep well water in Łódź in comparison to those for geothermal water samples from Cieplice and Mszczonów. However, concentrations of all the measured radionuclides were below World Health Organization (WHO) reference activities (0.1 Bq/dm3 for 228Ra and 1 Bq/dm3 for 226Ra and 226Ra).