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Microstructural, electrical, thermal and tribological studies of copper-fly ash composites through powder metallurgy

Thanga_Kasi_Rajan S., Balaji A. N., Narayanasamy P., Vettivel S. C.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 6

935--940

EN

This research work address the fabrication of copper (Cu) matrix composites, reinforced with fly ash (FA) particulates with 3, 6, 9 and 12 wt.% using the powder metallurgy route. The microstructural, physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of thus fabricated Cu-FA composites have been studied. Optical microstructural characterization of the composites exposed persuasively uniform distribution of FA reinforcement with minimum porosity. The mixed powder SEM images revealed the homogeneous dispersion of fly ash particulates in the copper matrix. The hardness values showed improvement with increase in the weight percentage of FA in the Cu matrix. Electrical conductivity was measured using the four-point probe method at room temperature. Thermal conductivity was measured with a thermal diffusivity analyzer at room temperature. The fly ash addition leads to weakening the conductivity of Cu-FA composites. The tribological properties of Cu-FA composite specimens were investigated using a Pin-on-disc tribo testing machine against an EN81 steel contour disc. The specific wear rate of the composites tended first to decrease, which was attributed mainly to the formation of a mechanically mixed layer on the worn surface. Then it would increase as the FA content increased because of reduction in ductility and brittle oxide cracks associated with adding more FA particulates. It seems that composites with FA percentages below 9wt.% have optimum properties of microstructure, hardness and wear resistance, which is suitable for applications such as electrical sliding contacts, electrical discharge machining and spot welding electrodes.

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Copper matrix composites strengthened with carbon nanotubes or graphene platelets prepared by ball milling and vacuum hot pressing

Stolarska J., Dutkiewicz J., Maziarz W., Pstruś J., Wójcik A., Ozga P.

Composites Theory and Practice

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2015

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R. 15, nr 3

174--180

EN

In this study copper matrix composites with two types of additions i.e. graphene platelets in the amount of 1÷2 wt.% or multiwall carbon nanotubes in the amount of 1÷3 wt.% were studied. Two types of graphene platelets were applied: of a fine thickness of 2÷4 nm and coarser of a 10÷20 nm plate thickness. The addition of finer graphene platelets to copper causes less strengthening, but smaller electrical resistivity, while the addition of MWCNTs causes an increase in hardness in comparison to graphene platelets and slightly higher resistivity growing with the amount of nanotubes. SEM and TEM studies allowed to determine that carbon nanotubes and copper grain size are refined during milling which does not change after consolidation. In the samples with graphene, a more homogeneous distribution of platelets was observed in the case of fine graphene, while platelet conglomerates in the case of coarser graphene tend to occur after the consolidation process at the copper particle boundaries.

PL

W niniejszej pracy opracowano sposób wytworzenia kompozytów na osnowie miedzi, wzmacnianych różnymi typami węgla, tj. wielościennymi nanorurkami węglowymi w ilości 1÷3% obj. oraz płatkami grafenowymi w ilości 1÷2% wag. Wytypowano dwa rodzaje płytek grafenowych dostępnych komercyjnie pod nazwą: N006 o grubości 10÷20 mm oraz cieńsze FL-RGO o grubości 2÷4 mm. Dodawanie drobniejszych płatków grafenowych do miedzi powoduje mniejsze umocnienie i mniejszy opór elektryczny, natomiast dodanie wielościennych nanorurek węglowych (MWCNTs) powoduje wzrost twardości w porównaniu do płatków grafenu i niewiele większą oporność wzrastającą wraz z ilością nanorurek. Badania na skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym SEM oraz transmisyjnym mikroskopie elektronowym TEM pozwoliły ustalić, że mieszanina MWCNTs oraz proszku miedzi podczas mielenia w młynie kulowym zmienia się, tworząc najpierw duże konglomeraty, a po 32 godzinach mniejsze ziarna miedzi oraz rozdrobnione nanorurki. Ponadto analiza badań ze spektroskopii Ramanowskiej ujawniła, że nanorurki węglowe ulegają pewnego rodzaju deformacji, zwiększając tym samym stopień zdefektowania. W kompozytach z dodatkiem grafenu stwierdzono bardziej jednorodny rozkład płatków w ziarnach miedzi w przypadku drobnego grafenu, podczas gdy w przypadku grubszych płatków grafenu tworzą się konglomeraty, które po procesie konsolidacji występują na granicach cząstek proszku miedzi.

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Structure of metal matrix composites with an addition of tuff

Łach M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 10, iss. 3 spec.

135--140

EN

The article presents preliminary results of tests of metal matrix composites structure which was modified by an addition of powdered volcanic tuff. Distribution and shape of ceramic particles as well as the quality of the bonding along the tuff- metal matrix interface were studied. Depth of tuff element diffusion in the matrix as well as diffusion in tuff particles were checked. Micro-hardness and porosity of the composites were also tested. The tuff from Filipowice near the town of Krzeszowice was used for the tests. Powder metallurgy was applied to obtain the composites and the matrix materials were copper and 316L steel powders. The tuff was introduced in 2, 5 and 10 % by weight. To remove water from the channels of aluminosilicates, the tuff was baked at 850oC for 4 hours and then cooled together with the oven. The tests revealed good quality of the bonding of the tuff particles and the matrix and their even distribution. The addition of tuff improved the hardness of the composites and reduced their porosity which has great significance because of possible applications of this kind of materials in general and copper composites in particular. This gives grounds for further studies on volcanic tuff use in metal composites.