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1

Investigation of a simple energy management system of a hybrid PV-battery system

Mahdi Baqer Saleh, Sulaiman Nasri, Shehab Mohanad Abd, Hassan Siti Lailatul Mohd, Shafie Suhaidi, Hizam Hashim

Opto-Electronics Review

|

2024

|

Vol. 32, No. 1

art. no. e148249

EN

Growing energy demands are expected to render existing energy resources insufficient. Solar energy faces challenges in terms of providing continuous and reliable power supply to consumers. However, it has become increasingly important to implement renewable energy (RE) and energy management (EM) systems to increase the supply of power, improve efficiency, and maintain the stability of energy systems. As such, this present study integrated energy storage (ES) devices; namely, batteries and direct current (DC) to DC converters; into energy systems that support battery operation and effectively manage power flow, especially during peak load demands. The proposed system also addresses low solar irradiation and sudden load change scenarios by enabling the battery to operate in a discharge state to supply power to the load. Conversely, when the demand matches or exceeds the available solar energy, the battery is charged using solar power. The proposed system highlights the significance of RE systems and EM strategies in meeting growing energy demands and ensuring a reliable supply of power during solar variability and fluctuating loads. A MATLAB® Simulink model was used to evaluate the integration of a 200 kW photovoltaic (PV) array with a 380 V grid and 150 kW battery. The loads, consisting of a 100 kW and a 150 kW unit, were parallel connected. The results indicated that boost and three-phase (3Ph) inverters can be used to successfully integrate PV systems to the power grid to supply alternating current (AC) power. The inclusion of a battery also addressed power shortages during periods of insufficient power generation and to store surplus power.

2

Fire management on container ships: new strategies and technologies

Ricci S., Ravikumar B., Rizzetto L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2023

|

Vol. 17 No. 2

415--421

EN

Design and construction of container ships follow consolidated requirements, with standard consideration of fire management. Indeed, cargo fires can have important consequence on crewmembers and cargoes, as well as impacting coastal zone and marine environment. Innovative strategies include prevention of events and mitigation of consequences. Digital solutions, providing with situational pictures onboard and around the vessel are fundamental for new fire management solutions, seamless and integrated into the vessel IT infrastructure, according to IMO regulations and the recent EMSA CARGOSAFE Report. The assessment of these solutions requires theoretical evaluation, validation activities in simulated environment and demonstration activities in real environments, with use cases to prove feasibility and benefits. This paper, after a review of traditional preventing and mitigating solutions against fire and an analysis of container ships fires, proposes applicable innovative technologies and operational measures, emerging problems for their potential implementation and requirements for virtual and real tests design.

3

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment – Harnessing Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations with Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advanced Control Systems

Drewnowski Jakub, Szeląg Bartosz, Sabba Fabrizio, Piłat-Rożek Magdalena, Piotrowicz Adam, Łagód Grzegorz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

208--222

EN

The wastewater treatment landscape in Central Europe, particularly in Poland, has undergone a profound transformation due to European Union (EU) integration. Fueled by EU funding and rapid technological advancements, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have adopted cutting-edge control methods to adhere to EU Water Framework Directive mandates. WWTPs contend with complexities such as variable flow rates, temperature fluctuations, and evolving influent compositions, necessitating advanced control systems and precise sensors to ensure water quality, enhance energy efficiency, and reduce operational costs. Wastewater mathematical modeling provides operational flexibility, acting as a virtual testing ground for process enhancements and resource optimization. Real-time sensors play a crucial role in creating these models by continuously monitoring key parameters and supplying data to predictive models. These models empower real-time decision-making, resulting in minimized downtime and reduced expenses, thus promoting the sustainability and efficiency of WWTPs while aligning with resource recovery and environmental stewardship goals. The evolution of WWTPs in Central Europe is driven by a range of factors. To optimize WWTPs, a multi-criteria approach is presented, integrating simulation models with data mining methods, while taking into account parameter interactions. This approach strikes a balance between the volume of data collected and the complexity of statistical analysis, employing machine learning techniques to cut costs for process optimization. The future of WWTP control systems lies in “smart process control systems”, which revolve around simulation models driven by real-time data, ultimately leading to optimal biochemical processes. In conclusion, Central Europe’s wastewater treatment sector has wholeheartedly embraced advanced control methods and mathematical modeling to comply with EU regulations and advance sustainability objectives. Real-time monitoring and sophisticated modeling are instrumental in driving efficient, resource-conscious operations. Challenges remain in terms of data accessibility and cost-effective online monitoring, especially for smaller WWTPs.

4

Analysis of the operation of a switched reluctance motor in the extended constant power range

Korkosz Mariusz, Podskarbi Grzegorz, Krzywdzińska-Kornak Krystyna

Archives of Electrical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 72, nr 1

43--58

EN

In this paper, an analysis of the properties of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) 8/6 in an extended constant power range is presented. The typical constant power range to constant torque range ratio is between 2 and 3. In the case of machines designed as an electric vehicle drive, it is important to maximize this ratio. In the case of an SRM, it is possible to achieve this by applying an appropriate control strategy. An analysis of the SRM operation utilizing a modified control algorithm allows control of the maximum value of the motor phase current. As a consequence, using the so-called nonzero initial conditions for the current and flux allows the output power to be maintained in a wide speed range. For the improvement of drive system efficiency, the work of the phase current regulator should be limited to a minimum. The most advantageous work conditions we obtain with single-time current regulator work. Laboratory verification has been performed for selected states of motor work.

5

Fuzzy logic-based control strategy for hourly power dispatch of grid-connected photovoltaic with hybrid energy storage

Jusoh Mohd Afifi, Daud Muhamad Zalani, Ibrahim Mohd Zamri

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2022

|

R. 98, nr 1

11--18

EN

The inconsistency of solar irradiance and temperature have led to unpredictable output power fluctuation of photovoltaic (PV) system. This paper proposes a simple control scheme for hybrid energy storage (HES) system to mitigate the long-term and short-term output power fluctuations of the PV system. The proposed control scheme employed the fuzzy logic controller in order to manage the power compensation of the HES system and to maintain the state-of-charge (SOC) level of the HES system within safe operating limits during the mitigation process. In the control scheme, the long-term output power fluctuation is eliminated by using battery energy storage, while short-term output fluctuation is compensated using the ultracapacitor. Apart from that, an hourly PV power dispatch was applied in the control scheme since the grid-connected PV system was considered in this study. The simulation evaluations of PV/HES with the proposed control scheme was conducted in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was verified through several case studies. Initially, the control scheme was evaluated with different initial SOC levels of HES. Then, the control scheme was evaluated using five days of actual PV system output in order to verify the robustness of the proposed control scheme in actual circumstances. Overall, the simulation evaluation was verified that the proposed control scheme of the PV/HES system effectively mitigates the output power fluctuations of the PV system and output power is dispatched out to the utility grid on an hourly basis. Also, it was able to regulate the SOC of HES at the operational limit throughout the process. The simulation result showed the control scheme successfully reduced the unacceptable output power fluctuation from 20% to less than 1%. The results also showed the SOC of HES was regulated within the range of 38%-75% and 42%-60% of its capacity along the process, respectively.

PL

Niespójność natężenia promieniowania słonecznego i temperatury doprowadziła do nieprzewidywalnych wahań mocy wyjściowej systemu fotowoltaicznego (PV). W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano prosty schemat sterowania hybrydowym systemem magazynowania energii (HES) w celu złagodzenia długo- i krótkoterminowych wahań mocy wyjściowej systemu fotowoltaicznego. Zaproponowany schemat sterowania wykorzystywał sterownik logiki rozmytej w celu zarządzania kompensacją mocy systemu HES i utrzymania poziomu stanu naładowania (SOC) systemu HES w bezpiecznych granicach operacyjnych podczas procesu mitygacji. W schemacie sterowania długoterminowe wahania mocy wyjściowej są eliminowane przez zastosowanie magazynowania energii akumulatora, podczas gdy krótkotrwałe wahania mocy wyjściowej są kompensowane za pomocą ultrakondensatora. Poza tym w schemacie sterowania zastosowano godzinową dyspozytornię mocy fotowoltaicznej, ponieważ w niniejszym opracowaniu uwzględniono system fotowoltaiczny podłączony do sieci. Oceny symulacyjne PV/HES z proponowanym schematem sterowania przeprowadzono w środowisku MATLAB/Simulink. Skuteczność proponowanego schematu kontroli zweryfikowano za pomocą kilku studiów przypadku. Początkowo schemat kontroli oceniano przy różnych początkowych poziomach SOC HES. Następnie schemat sterowania został oceniony przy użyciu pięciu dni rzeczywistej mocy wyjściowej systemu fotowoltaicznego w celu zweryfikowania niezawodności proponowanego schematu sterowania w rzeczywistych warunkach. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, ocena symulacji została zweryfikowana, że proponowany schemat sterowania systemem PV/HES skutecznie łagodzi wahania mocy wyjściowej systemu fotowoltaicznego, a moc wyjściowa jest wysyłana do sieci energetycznej co godzinę. Ponadto był w stanie regulować SOC HES na limicie operacyjnym podczas całego procesu. Wyniki symulacji wykazały, że schemat sterowania skutecznie zmniejszył niedopuszczalne wahania mocy wyjściowej z 20% do mniej niż 1%. Wyniki pokazały również, że SOC HES był regulowany w zakresie odpowiednio 38%-75% i 42%-60% jego pojemności w trakcie procesu.

6

Numerical study on control strategy of a single cell proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell

Szczęśniak Arkadiusz

Journal of Power Technologies

|

2022

|

Vol. 102, nr 4

175--182

EN

The aim of the paper is to examine a control strategy for a single proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell (H+SOFC). The study is based on a dynamic model originating from the steady state reduced order model of H+SOFC. The proposed control strategy is based on a singular PID controller that controls the amount of air delivered to the cathode side of the fuel cell. Additionally, fuel mass flow is correlated with current density to achieve a fixed fuel utilization factor. The concept was tested on typical operating scenarios such as load-follow mode. The study revealed that the singular PID controller is reliable and ensures a safe H+SOFC operation.

7

Development of the structure of an intelligent locomotive DSS and assessment of its effectiveness

Gorobchenko Oleksandr, Nevedrov Oleksandr

Archives of Transport

|

2020

|

Vol. 56, iss. 4

47--58

EN

The purpose of the article is developing the locomotive structure of intellectual system of support of decision-making and to find a criterion by which to adequately assess different control action to the train. System of decision support for locomotive crew is seen as a complex structure with complex interactions located at a great distance, on-board locomotive systems. The quality of the organization determines the effectiveness of the system as a whole. To solve the problem of creating the optimal structure of the DSS applies the aggregate-decomposition method that involves two steps: decomposition of the problem into a number of subproblems and aggregating the partial results. To evaluate the quality control of a locomotive used the concept of control strategy with specific indicators. Design is developed and structure of locomotive DSS is obtained, taking into account peculiarities of operation of railway transport. To account for not only quantitative but also qualitative characteristics of activity of the locomotive or intellectual systems of decision support, it is proposed to use methods of fuzzy logic. So were able to deduce and calculate the additive criterion of the quality control activities of the intelligent system. Formal indicator of the quality of the train control process using different strategies is received. In the work theoretically grounded definition of the weighting factors for each partial criterion of the quality of train control. Using the dependencies derived, the nature of the influence of the value of partial criteria on the quality of train control in relation to a strategy. The results of the work allow to more accurately simulate the operations of a locomotive crew, which in the future will serve as the basis for the development of autonomous intelligent systems of locomotive control. The developed method is shown to be three main criteria which values the safety, energy consumption, and execution time schedule. However, for more flexible and accurate model, this approach allows to enter additional criteria, and the simplicity of the calculation provides the necessary speed when implemented on on-board locomotive computers.

8

The analysis of overall ship fuel consumption in acceleration manoeuvre using hull-propeller-engine interaction principles and governor features

Zeraatgar Hamid, Ghaemi M. Hossein

Polish Maritime Research

|

2019

|

nr 1

162--163

EN

The problem of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in shipping is currently addressed by many research works and related industries. There are many existing and visionary technologies and ideas, which are conceptually defined or practically realised. This goal can be achieved in different ways, and reducing fuel consumption is one of the major methods. In these circumstances, the aim of this study is to analyse the possibility of fuel consumption reduction by using an alternative control strategy for low-speed marine diesel engines which would take into account the interactions between hull, propeller and main engine. For this purpose, a mathematical model including ship hull and propulsion system is developed. A case study is conducted for a ship for which the results of both the ship hull and screw propeller model tests are available. A low-speed two-stroke diesel engine is then selected for the considered ship. Two different governors are included in the model and their parameters are changed to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the system when simulating the forward acceleration mode in calm sea conditions. The research is mainly focused on variations of fuel consumption by the ship passing a certain distance to reach the nominal constant speed. It is concluded that, for a given travel distance, it is possible to save considerable amount of fuel at the expense of slight increase of journey time.

9

Analysis, simulation and experimental strategies of 5-phase permanent magnet motor control

Mekri Fatima, Elghali Seifeddine Ben, Charpentier Jean-Frédéric

Archives of Electrical Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 68, nr 3

629--641

EN

This paper presents a study of control strategies for 5-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) supplied by a five-leg voltage source inverter. Based on the vectorial decomposition of the multi-phase machine, fictitious machines, magnetically decoupled, allow a more adequate control. In this paper, our study focuses on the vector control of a multi-phase machine using a linear proportional-integral-derivative (PID) current regulator in the cases of sinusoidal and trapezoidal back-electromotive force (EMF) waveforms. In order to determine currents’ references, two strategies are adopted. First one aims to minimize copper losses under constant torque, while the second one targets to increase torque for a given copper losses. These techniques are tested under a variable speed control strategy based on a proportional-integral (PI) regulator and experimentally validated.

10

Applying Pareto frontier to determine control strategy of technical objects operation process

Migawa K., Knopik L., Neubauer A., Sołtysiak A.

Journal of KONBiN

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2017

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No. 44

37--58

EN

The paper deals with the multi-criteria model of technical objects operation process control in which the choice of control strategy is made with the use of nondeterministic methods. The decisive model was created with the use of decisive theories of semi-Markov processes. The choice of the optimum (quasioptimum) solution is made with the use of simulated annealing algorithm. As a result of numeric calculations for used criteria functions (availability, risk), a set of quasi-optimum solutions in the form of Pareto frontier is obtained.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wielokryterialny model sterowania procesem eksploatacji obiektów technicznych, w którym wybór strategii sterowania realizowany jest z zastosowaniem metod niedeterministycznych. Model decyzyjny został opracowany z wykorzystaniem teorii decyzyjnych procesów semi-Markowa. Wybór rozwiązania optymalnego (quasi-optymalnego) realizowany jest za pomocą algorytmu symulowanego wyżarzania. W wyniku realizacji obliczeń numerycznych, dla zastosowanych funkcji kryterialnych (gotowość, ryzyko), uzyskuje się zbiór rozwiązań quasi-optymalnych w postaci frontu Pareto.

11

Assumptions of linear generator control strategy for plug-in hybrid power train

Krawczyk P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2015

|

z. 3/103

77--86

EN

In the following paper, the author presents a set of assumptions regarding control strategies of range extender in plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Particular focus is put on control strategies for range extender with linear generator. Firstly, power train must provide appropriate operation regarding its dynamic behavior. As a dynamic requirement the Artemis Urban driving cycle is chosen. Secondly, the control mode investigation is conducted. This includes choice of proper engage strategy of generator, with triggering signals and boundary conditions. For power train with main components such as Li-ion battery, permanent magnet synchronous motor and range extender, control strategies are set up. Lastly, other factors that could play a role in the control strategy construction are explained, i.e. temperature, noise, etc. Result is a set of control constraints and guidelines for control strategy. It is shown, via computer simulation, that the control strategy with distributed periods of range extender engagement, can improve power train efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

PL

W artykule zawarto zestaw założeń dotyczących strategii sterowania urządzeniem rozszerzającym zasięg samochodu elektrycznego typu plug-in. Nacisk położono na strategię sterowania urządzenia rozszerzającego zasięg, wyposażonego w generator liniowy. Po pierwsze, układ napędowy musi zapewnić odpowiednie parametry dynamiczne. Parametry te wyznacza wybrany cykl jazdy Artemis Urban. W kolejnym kroku analizie poddano tryb sterowania. Zawiera on wybór odpowiedniej strategii załączania generatora, wraz z podaniem sygnałów wyzwalających i warunków granicznych. Następnie stworzono strategie sterowania dla układu napędowego, którego głównymi elementami są bateria litowo-jonowa, silnik synchroniczny z magnesami trwałymi i urządzenie rozszerzające zasięg. Na końcu, podano inne czynniki mogące mieć wpływ na budowę strategii sterowania, np.: temperatura, hałas, itp. Wynikiem jest zestaw ograniczeń i wytycznych dla strategii sterowania. Drogą symulacji komputerowej wykazano, że strategia sterowania z dystrybucją okresów załączenia urządzenia rozszerzającego zasięg może poprawić sprawność układu napędowego i zredukować zużycie energii.

12

Factors influencing the hybrid drive of urban public transport buses

Barta D., Mruzek M.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

|

2015

|

nr 4 (20)

213--218

EN

The efficiency of each drives is dependent on many factors. Hybrid drives and specially the drives of urban public transport may be affected by other factors given by transport infrastructure or operational conditions. These factors condition the suitable configuration of the individual elements of hybrid drive and the establishment of good control strategy of such drive. The study of influencing factors of the control strategy is the aim of this paper.

PL

Efektywność poszczególnych napędów jest zależna od wielu czynników. Na napędy hybrydowe, a w szczególności te stosowane w publicznym transporcie miejskim mogą mieć wpływ inne czynniki, wynikające z infrastruktury transportowej lub warunków eksploatacyjnych. Te czynniki warunkują odpowiednią konfigurację poszczególnych elementów napędu hybrydowego oraz ustanowienie dobrej strategii kontroli takiego napędu. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest badanie czynników wpływających na strategię kontroli.

13

Metoda wyznaczania strategii sterowania procesem eksploatacji

Migawa K., Knopik L., Neubauer A.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 4

2006--2015, CD2

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania strategii sterowania procesem eksploatacji obiektów technicznych, w której wybór decyzji sterujących realizowany jest z zastosowaniem decyzyjnych procesów semi-Markowa oraz algorytmu genetycznego. W prezentowanej metodzie wyznaczenie strategii sterowania procesem eksploatacji obiektów technicznych dotyczy wyboru ciągu decyzji sterujących, podejmowanych w poszczególnych stanach modelowanego procesu. Metoda ta polega na wyborze spośród możliwych wariantów decyzyjnych, najlepszej strategii sterowania procesem eksploatacji, dla której funkcja stanowiąca kryterium oceny osiąga wartość ekstremalną. W pracy przedstawiono przykład wyznaczenia strategii sterowania (ciągu decyzji), w przypadku, gdy funkcję kryterialną stanowi średni jednostkowy dochód. Całość rozważań przedstawiono na przykładzie procesu eksploatacji realizowanego w rzeczywistym systemie autobusowego transportu miejskiego.

EN

The paper presents a method of determining the strategy for control of technical objects operation and maintenance process, where semi-Markov decision processes and genetic algorithm are used for control. In the presented method, determining of strategy for control of technical objects operation and maintenance process involves the choice of a sequence of control decisions made in individual states of the modeled process. The method involves a choice, out of the possible decision options, of the best strategy for operation and maintenance process control for which the function constituting the evaluation criterion has extreme value. The paper presents an example of determining strategy for control (decision sequence) when the criterion function includes average unit profit. The study has been based on the operation and maintenance process of a real bus municipal transportation system.

14

Simulation and experimental results of hybrid electric machine with a novel flux control strategy

Paplicki P., Wardach M., Bonisławski M., Pałka R.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 64, nr 1

37--51

EN

The paper presents selected simulation and experimental results of a hybrid ECPMS-machine (Electric Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine). This permanent magnets (PMs) excited machine offers an extended magnetic field control capability which makes it suitable for battery electric vehicle (BEV) drives. Rotor, stator and the additional direct current control coil of the machine are analyzed in detail. The control system and strategy, the diagram of power supply system and an equivalent circuit model of the ECPMS-machine are presented. Influence of the additional excitation on the performance parameters of the machine, such as: torque, efficiency, speed limits and back-EMF have also been discussed.

15

Modelling concept of NxM matrix converter under periodic control for dynamic states

Sieńko T., Sobczyk T. J.

Archives of Electrical Engineering

|

2014

|

Vol. 63, nr 2

305--315

EN

This paper presents a concept of an NxM Matrix Converter (MC) modeling under periodic control strategy patented in Poland. This strategy allows to change an Nphase input system of voltages and current with the frequency fi to the M-phase output system with the frequency fo, maintaining both systems symmetrical and providing small distortions of voltage and current waveforms at rather high frequencies. In this paper the control strategy is extended for dynamic states when one of the frequencies is changed. Matrix converter equations have been derived using the constrain matrix, which is determined by the switch states. The equations have the hybrid form of a multi-port circuit. To simplify these equations the symmetrical components of input and output voltages and currents have been applied. As a result, rather simple equations have been found. They can be interpreted to an equivalent scheme. All considerations are illustrated using an exemplary 6H3 matrix converter.

16

Badania nieniszczące w diagnostyce technicznej

Wojas M.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

|

2013

|

R. 85, nr 12

195--201

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wykorzystania tzw. technik przesiewowych (screening techniques) w diagnostyce eksploatowanych urządzeń technicznych, zastosowanych głównie do wykrywania korozji/erozji w rurach i zbiornikach. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane techniki, ich możliwości i ograniczenia, a także korzyści z ich stosowania. Jednak celem artykułu nie jest szczegółowa prezentacja takich technik, lecz metodologia postępowania, gdy chcemy je wykorzystywać w programach nadzorowania urządzeń technicznych. Istotne jest, jak wybrać odpowiednią technikę do określonego zastosowania na podstawie wiedzy o tym, co chcemy wykryć i co dana technika „może wykryć” oraz jaki jest stopień zaufania w przypadku, gdy nie zostały wykryte żadne defekty.

EN

The paper describes the application of non-destructive testing in the diagnostic of operating technical equipment with particular emphasis on the so-called screening techniques, used primarily for the detection of corrosion / erosion in pipes and tanks. This paper presents some techniques and their capabilities and limitations, and benefits from their use. However, the objective of the paper is the methodology to use them in monitoring program of the operating equipment but not presentation of such techniques with the details. It is important to choose the appropriate technique for a specific application based on the knowledge about the expected defect and what is the level of trust in case you do not get any defects.

17

A control strategy of a BLDC motor

Popenda A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2013

|

R. 89, nr 12

188-191

EN

In the paper the control strategy of BLDC motor is proposed. This strategy bases on the electromechanical transformer synchro and voltage source inverter, controlled in the same way as the inverters of AC drives. The pulsations of motor output torque, occurring in the standard control systems of BLDC motor, are eliminated as a consequence of application of the proposed strategy. The magnitude and deformation of motor current as well as the influence of motor load on its angular velocity are also minimized. The results of model-simulation investigations are presented.

PL

W pracy zaproponowano strategię sterowania silnikiem BLDC, która opiera się na elektromechanicznym przetworniku „synchro” oraz falowniku napięcia sterowanym analogicznie jak falowniki napędów prądu przemiennego. W konsekwencji zastosowania proponowanej strategii wyeliminowano pulsacje momentu elektromagnetycznego silnika, występujące w standardowych układach sterowania silnikiem BLDC. Zminimalizowano również amplitudę i odkształcenia prądu silnika oraz oddziaływanie obciążenia silnika na jego prędkość kątową. Przedstawiono wyniki badań modelowo-symulacyjnych.

18

Wpływ strategii sterowania na komfort klimatyczny w budynku pasywnym

Mróz T., Szkarłat K.

Instal

|

2013

|

nr 5

18-27

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ strategii sterowania na komfort klimatyczny w budynku pasywnym. Analiza zawiera porównanie systemu sterowania scentralizowanego i zdecentralizowanego. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych eksperymentów obliczeniowych oraz ich walidacji eksperymentalnej przeprowadzonej w Instytucie Inżynierii Środowiska Politechniki Poznańskiej, zaproponowany został autorski algorytm sterowania systemem utrzymania komfortu klimatycznego w budynku pasywnym. Algorytm pozwala na optymalizację parametrów komfortu przy jednoczesnej minimalizacji zużycia energii pierwotnej przez ten system.

EN

The paper presents the influence of control strategy on the indoor climate quality in the passive house. It includes comparison of centralized and decentralized control strategy. On the basis of calculation experiments validated by experimental investigations run at Institute of Environmental Engineering Poznań University of Technology, original control algorithm of indoor climate quality in passive house has been proposed. The algorithm allows for the optimization of indoor air quality and simultaneous minimization of primary energy consumption.

19

Combined cooling, heat and power (Trigeneration) at Offenburg University of Applied Sciences

Gopisetty S., Treffinger P.

Environmental Biotechnology

|

2013

|

Vol. 9, No. 1

25--37

EN

The energy supply of Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (HS OG) was changed from separate generation to trigeneration in 2007/2008. Trigeneration was installed for supplying heat, cooling and electrical power at HS OG. In this paper, trigeneration process and its modes of operation along with the layout of the energy facility at HS OG were described. Special emphasis was given to the operation schemes and control strategies of the operation modes: winter mode, transition mode and summer mode. The components used in the energy facility were also outlined. Monitoring and data analysis of the energy system was carried out after the commissioning of trigeneration in the period from 2008 to 2011. Thus, valuable performance data was obtained.

20

Study of Basic Properties of an Enhanced Controller for DVR Compensation Capabilities

Hannan M., Mohamed A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2012

|

R. 88, nr 4a

293-299

EN

This paper deals with the development of an enhanced controller for investigation of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) compensation capabilities. Two levels, 24-pulse DVR is modeled with a new control scheme to control the switch signal in the voltage sourced converter. A study on voltage sag compensation capability, harmonic elimination, effect of phase shift on DVR sizing, influence of induction motor load and effect of capacitor value on DVR performance have been investigated. Results proved that the DVR is a suitable device for maximum power quality (PQ) compensation. Thus, the developed model and controller will be useful for further power quality studies in a distribution system.

PL

Opisano ulepszony sterownik system dynamicznego odzyskiwania napięcia DVR. Przeanalizowano przypadki możliwości kompensacji zapadów napięcia, eliminacji harmonicznych oraz wpływ indukcyjności obciążenia. Symulacje potwierdziły przydatność układu w systemach poprawy jakości energii.