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Monitoring of bacterial biodiversity in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) dealing with wastewater containing X-ray contrast media compounds

Węgrzyn A., Żabczyński S.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40, nr 1

151--164

EN

Iodinated contrast media compounds (ICM) have been identified in wastewater within the last 20 years. In this study, the biodiversity of activated sludge in anaerobic membrane bioreactors dealing with synthetic hospital wastewater with addition of ICM was investigated, using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). During the adaptation of microorganisms to anaerobic growth conditions and to ICM presence, differences in the content of Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria were noted and bioreactors showed higher biological diversity (H = 2.9), suggesting that ICM were not toxic to the bacteria. The long sludge age had the strongest influence on the composition of activated sludge biocenosis.

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Oczyszczanie ścieków z przemysłu kosmetycznego za pomocą procesu koagulacji

Naumczyk J., Marcinowski P., Wiliński P., Bogacki J.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 1

873--891

EN

In this study the coagulation process of five cosmetics wastewater types has been investigated. All samples were collected from big cosmetic factory in Poland. Due to changeable production profile, also significant changeability of the wastewater composition and the concentration of pollutants were observed. COD values of raw wastewaters samples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were as follows: 7293, 3241, 3241, 5132 and 1089 mg/l, respectively. Before coagulation easily settleable suspended solids were removed by 30 min primary sedimentation. After sedimentation COD values were decreased to 1134, 2512, 3241, 1858 and 1089 mg/l, respectively. Coagulation with Al2 (SO4)3 at pH 7.0 and FeCl3 at pH 6.0 and 9.0 allowed to achieve COD removal in the range of 33.0–63.5%. The effect of coagulation was better for the samples of lower contents of easily settleable suspended solids and higher content of fine suspended solids. The best effects of COD removal by coagulation achieved for investigated wastewaters were as follow: sample 1 – 39.2%, by Al2 (SO4) 3 and FeCl3 at pH 9.0; sample 2 – 54.8%, by FeCl3 at pH 6.0; sample 3 – 60.0%, by Al2 (SO4) 3; sample 4 – 33.3%, by Al2 (SO4) 3; sample 5 – 63.5%, by FeCl3 at pH 6.0. The differences in coagulants effectiveness were not significant. Flopam flocculant improved the effect of coagulation – shortened the clarification time from 60 min to 5 min, reduced the coagulant doses by about 50 mg/l and increased COD removal. In the coagulation assisted by Flopam flocculant, Al2 (SO4) 3 proved to be the best coagulant for sample 3 (62.5%), FeCl3 at pH 6.0 was the best for sample 2 (54.8%) and sample 5 (63.9% – the best result of all) and FeCl3 at pH 9.0 for sample 4 (50.0%). The best effect of coagulation was achieved for sample no 5, which had no easily settleable suspended solids. The total effect of COD removal, including primary sedimentation and coagulation ranged from 63.9 to 90.6%. GC-MS analysis allowed to identify 110 compounds. The predominant compounds identified by GC-MS were: cyclopentasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and synthetic musk – galaxolide (HHCB). HHCB concentration was decreased in the coagulation by 87.3–92.2%. The degree of other compounds removal varied in the range 0–99.4%.

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Presence of pharmaceutics in wastewater from waste water treatment plant "Zabrze - Śródmieście" in Poland

Felis E., Miksch K., Surmacz-Górska J., Ternes T.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2005

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Vol. 31, no. 3

49--58

EN

This article describes monitoring results of raw wastewater from one Polish municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The residues of 30 pharmaceutics belonging to particular drugs classes such as contrast media, antibiotics, lipids regulators, antiphologistics, psychiatric and antiepilcptic agents, drug's metabolites and 2 musk compounds have been investigated. The investigation showed occurrence of 20 out of 32 selected compounds above their limit of detection. Iopromide, a compound belonging to contrast media, was noticed at the highest concentration. The concentration of this compound in WWTP-influent was equaled to 27.0 u.g/dm3. Other drugs, such as, like iopamidol, iomeprol, diatrizoat, iohexol, sulfomethoxazolc, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, ibuprofen-OH, naproxen, diclofenac, bezafibrate, ketoprofen, and musk compound - galaxolide were detected at maximum concentration between 1.0 ug/dm3 (bezafibrate) and 13.0 ng/dm1 (iomeprol). The acidic compounds such as gemfibrozil and indomethacin were determined above their limit of detection, with concentration up to 0.22 ug/dm3 and 0.42 u.g/dmJ, respectively. Based on the literature data, the above-mentioned drugs arc not completely removed from sewage during treatment processes and with effluent from WWTP they are introduced to receiving waters. Due to their chemical properties, residues of pharmaceutics may persist in the environment and the present knowledge about their ecotoxicological effects is insufficient.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań ścieków surowych pochodzących z miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków ,Zabrze _ Śródmieście". Ścieki surowe analizowane były pod kątem zawartości w nich pozostałości 30 farmaceutyków i ich metabolitów oraz 2 substancji zapachowych. Wybrane do badań farmaceutyki ze względu na swoje właściwości i obszar działania klasyfikowane są jako: środki cieniujące (stosowane podczas prześwietleń, tzw. "środki kontrastujące"), antybiotyki, regulatory tłuszczu, leki przeciwbólowe i przeciwzapalne, leki antyepileptyczne oraz leki stosowane w leczeniu psychiatrycznym. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały w próbkach ścieków obecność 20 z 32 wytypowanych do badań substancji, w stężeniu powyżej ich limitu wykrywalności. Najwyższe stężenie w ściekach osiągnął iopromid, związek zaliczany do środków cieniujących. Jego maksymalne stężenie wynosiło 27,0 ug/dm'. Inne leki, takie jak: iopamidol, iomeprol, diatrizoat, iohexol, sulfametoksazol, karbamazepina, ibuprofen, ibuprofen-OH, naproksen, diklofenak, bezafibrat, ketoprofen oraz galaksoid (substancja zapachowa), obecne były w ściekach, w maksymalnych stężeniach od 1,0 ug/dm3 (bezafibrat) do 13,0 ug/dm3 (iomeprol). Leki gemfibrozil i indometacyna oznaczane były w ściekach w stężeniach maksymalnych 0,22 ug/dm3 (gemfibrozil) i 0,42 ug/dm3 (indometacyna). Na podstawie danych literaturowych wiadomo, iż wybrane przez nas do badań leki nic są całkowicie eliminowane ze ścieków w procesach biologicznego oczyszczania. Wraz ze ściekami oczyszczonymi przedostają się do odbiorników wodnych. Pozostałości po farmaceutykach są w dalszym ciągu substancjami czynnymi biologicznie, maja zdolność do akumulacji w środowisku lub w tkankach organizmów żywych. W literaturze światowej wciąż brakuje publikacji na temat ekotoksycznych zagrożeń wynikających z obecności farmaceutyków w środowisku, a informacje dotyczące pozaustrojowego rozkładu farmaceutyków są bardzo lakoniczne.