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1
Content available Characterization of Two Olive Mill Wastewater and Its Effect on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Germination and Seedling Growth
El Kafz Ghizlane, Cherkaoui Essediya, Khamar Mohamed, Benradi Fatima, Nounah Abderrahman
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2023
|
Vol. 24, nr 11
207--217
EN
In Morocco, the olive industry produces a large quantity of olive mill wastewater (OMW) every year for a short period (November to February). The physicochemical properties and quantities of these effluents depend largely on the extraction system used. The aim of this study is to characterize these effluents for the purpose of evaluating their impact on Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) germination and seedling growth. For this purpose, a germination experiment was conducted, wherein 25 Fenugreek seeds were positioned on filter paper within Petri dishes. Subsequently, these seeds were subjected to varying concentrations of water sourced from two olive crushing processes: the Continuous System (OMW-CS) and the Semi-Modern System (OMW-SM) (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The Petri dishes were then placed in an incubator set at 25 °C for a duration of 8 days. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that both types of water had an acid pH and were rich in organic matter. The 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) values were similar, while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were quite different. Microbiological analysis revealed that yeasts and fungi were the main constituents of the flora of these wastewaters, with no significant difference between the two types of OMW. However, the total number of aerobic mesophilic flora was higher for OMW-CS than for OMW-SM. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant difference between OMW-CS concentrations (F = 2998.667; p <0.000) and OMW-SM (F = 2839.778; p <0.000). A minimal germination rate (30%) was recorded for OMW-CS at a concentration of 10%. For OMW-CS, total inhibition of germination was observed at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, while for OMW-SM, this inhibition was recorded above a concentration of 2%.
2
Content available An adaptive identification method based on the modulating functions technique and exact state observers for modeling and simulation of a nonlinear MISO glass melting process
Byrski Witold, Drapała Michał, Byrski Jędrzej
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
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2019
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Vol. 29, no. 4
739--757
EN
The paper presents new concepts of the identification method based on modulating functions and exact state observers with its application for identification of a real continuous-time industrial process. The method enables transformation of a system of differential equations into an algebraic one with the same parameters. Then, these parameters can be estimated using the least-squares approach. The main problem is the nonlinearity of the MISO process and its noticeable transport delays. It requires specific modifications to be introduced into the basic identification algorithm. The main goal of the method is to obtain on-line a temporary linear model of the process around the selected operating point, because fast methods for tuning PID controller parameters for such a model are well known. Hence, a special adaptive identification approach with a moving window is proposed, which involves using on-line registered input and output process data. An optimal identification method for a MISO model assuming decomposition to many inner SISO systems is presented. Additionally, a special version of the modulating functions method, in which both model parameters and unknown delays are identified, is tested on real data sets collected from a glass melting installation.
3
Content available remote Hypergraphs of simple beams-models of their analysis in synthesis of complex beam-systems
Buchacz A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 49, nr 2
233--242
EN
Purpose: of this paper is the analysis of vibrating beam by the exact and approximate methods and creating the hypergraphs of the beam concerning of two methods of analysis. Design/methodology/approach: was to nominate the relevance or irrelevance between the characteristics obtained by considered methods - especially concerning the relevance of the natural frequencies-poles of beams characteristics. The main subject of the research is to solve the continuous free-pinned (F-P) and clamped-sliding (C-S) beams as a subsystems of vibrating beam-system. Findings: this approach is a fact, that approximate solutions fulfill all conditions for vibrating beams and can be introduction to synthesis of these systems modeled by hypergraphs. Research limitations/implications: is that linear continuous transverse vibrating (F-P) and (C-S) beams are considered. Practical implications: of this study is the main point is the introduction to synthesis of transverse vibrating continuous beam-systems. Originality/value: of this approach considers the application Galerkin’s method which concerns the analysis of beams and modeling them of transformed hypergraphs.
4
Content available remote Analysis of probability as an impulse to synthesis of a beam-system represented by hypergraphs
Buchacz A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2010
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Vol. 38, nr 1
72-79
EN
Purpose: of this paper is to analyze vibrating beam by an exact and approximate methods and to create hypergraphs of the beam in case of two methods of analysis. Design/methodology/approach: was to nominate the relevance or irrelevance between the characteristics obtained by the considered methods - especially concerning the relevance of the natural frequency-poles of beam characteristics. The main subject of the research is a continuous free beam as a subsystem of vibrating beam-system with constant cross sections. Findings: this approach is that approximate solutions fulfil all conditions for vibrating beams and can be an introduction to synthesis of these systems modelled by hypergraphs. Research limitations/implications: linear continuous flexibly vibrating free beam is considered Practical implications: of this study is mainly the introduction to synthesis of flexibly vibrating continuous beam-systems. Originality/value: of this approach is about application of approximate methods of analysis of a beam and modelling the one of transformed hypergraph.
5
Content available remote Investigation of flexibly vibrating subsystem of mechatronic system
Buchacz A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 34, nr 1
55-62
EN
Purpose: of this paper is to investigate the transients of characteristics of vibrating beams obtained by the exact and approximate methods and to answer to the question – if the method can be used to nominate the characteristics of mechatronic systems. Design/methodology/approach: was to nominate the relevance or irrelevance between the characteristics obtained by considered methods – especially concerning the relevance of the natural frequencies-poles of characteristics of mechanical part of mechatronic system. The main subject of the research is the continuous vibrating beam. Findings: this approach is fact, that approximate solutions fulfill all conditions for vibrating beams and some conditions only, particularly for vibrating beams as the subsystems of mechatronic systems. Research limitations/implications: is that linear continuous flexibly vibrating beam is considered. Practical implications: of this study is the main point is the analysis and the examination of flexibly vibrating discrete-continuous mechatronic systems which characteristics can be nominated with approximate methods only. Originality/value: of this approach relies on the comparison of the compatibility of the characteristics of the mechatronic and mechanical systems with demanded accuracy, nominated with approximate method.
6
Content available remote Exact and approximate analysis of mechanical and mechatronic systems
Buchacz A.
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2009
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Vol. 33, nr 1
47-52
EN
Purpose: of this paper is to compare the transients of characteristics obtained by the approximate method and exact one and to answer to the question – if the method can be used to nominate the characteristics of mechatronic systems. Design/methodology/approach: was to nominate the relevance or irrelevance between the characteristics obtained by considered methods – especially concerning the relevance of the pole values of characteristics. The main subject of the research is the continuous torsionally vibrating bar considered as a mechanical subsystem of the mechatronic system. Findings: this approach is fact, that approximate solutions fulfill all conditions for vibrating bars and some conditions only, particularly for flexibly vibrating beams. Research limitations/implications: is that linear continuous torsionally vibrating bar is considered. Practical implications: of this study is the main point is the analysis and the examination of torsionaly vibrating continuous mechatronic systems which characteristics can be nominated with similar methods only. Originality/value: of this approach relies on the comparison of the compatibility of the characteristics of the mechatronic and mechanical systems with demanded accuracy, nominated with similar method.
7
Układ ciągły równoważny układowi ze sterowaniem poślizgowym
Gessing R.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Automatyka / Politechnika Śląska
|
2008
|
z. 151
37-47
PL
W pracy pokazuje się, jak utworzyć układ ciągły równoważny układowi ze sterowaniem poślizgowym, przy małej histerezie przekaźnika. Układ ten powstaje przez zastąpienie przekaźnika odpowiednim elementem z nasyceniem. Ten ostatni może być zrealizowany przez wzmacniacz o dużym wzmocnieniu połączony szeregowo z elementem z nasyceniami sterowania określonymi przez przełączane amplitudy przekaźnika. W równoważnym układzie ciągłym efekt szarpania charakterystyczny dla układów ze sterowaniem poślizgowym nie występuje. Zasada konstrukcji obu układów została sformułowana w postaci Podstawowej zasady sterowania.
EN
It is shown how to create the continuous system equivalent to the system with sliding mode control (under small hysteresis of the relay). The system arises from the replacement of the relay by some appropriate saturation-type nonlinearity. The latter may be implemented by the amplifier with high gain in series connected with saturation, with constraints of the control determined by the switched magnitudes of the relay. In the equivalent continuous systems the chattering effect, related with sliding mode control doesn't exist. The principle of construction of both the systems is formulated in the form of the Basic principle of control.
8
Content available remote Span’s low damped vibrations and vibration’s damping by modal disparity inducted by cable stays temporal addition
Lipiński K.
Vibrations in Physical Systems
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2008
|
Vol. 23
235--240
EN
The paper presents low damped vibrations of a continuous system. Such vibrations are present in many structures, and effective elimination method is requested. In the paper, temporal stiffness modification is proposed in order to distribute the energy amount different modes of the system (for example to these that are better damped). The method is tested with a bridge span numerical model.
9
Content available remote A Limit Theorem for the System of Leaky Buckets
Gruszczyński J.
Schedae Informaticae
|
2006
|
Vol. 15
29-39
EN
he sequence of systems of m leaky buckets and one mul- tiplexer is considered. It turns out that the states of the buffers for tokens and the state of the buffer of the multiplexer satisfy differential equations in the limit as the size of the cells of the data and the value of the tokens tend to zero. The results are compared with the equations proposed by N.U. Ahmed and K.L. Teo.
10
Content available Minimalizacja drgań obiektu poprzez dobór optymalnych parametrów inercjalno-sprężystych układu ciągłego
Majkut L.
Mechanics / AGH University of Science and Technology
|
2006
|
Vol. 25, no. 1
28-32
PL
Praca dotyczy poszukiwania optymalnych sprężystych i masowych parametrów belki ze względu na minimalizację współczynnika przenoszenia drgań dla zadanej częstości wymuszenia. Belka o wyznaczonych parametrach i zadanej długości jest częścią układu wibroizolacji tzn. jest na niej posadowiony, obiekt chroniony. Jako warunki ograniczające przyjęto, że: częstość wymuszenia leży pomiędzy pierwszą a trzecią częstością drgań własnych układu ciągłego; strzałka ugięcia pod obciążeniem statycznym nie przekracza wartości ustalonej.
EN
The work concerns the problem of optimum selection of inertial (the product of the beam material density and i cross section A) and springy (bending rigidity El) parameters of the beam. The objective function is transmissibility coefficient for given excitation frequency. Restrictive conditions were accepted: exciting frequency is lying between first and third natural frequency of the continuous system, and deflection of beam in gravitational field was, less than the given value.
11
Content available Nowa metoda obliczeń kinetostatycznych przesztywnionych łańcuchów kinematycznych
Jaworowski H., Felis J.
Mechanics / AGH University of Science and Technology
|
2005
|
Vol. 24, no. 4
252-260
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zastosowanie pewnej nowej metody rozwiązywania ciągłych jednowymiarowych struktur sprężystych do obliczeń kinetostatycznych przesztywnionych łańcuchów kinematycznych. Sformułowano i rozwiązano problem brzegowy z uwzględnieniem sił bezwładności unoszenia dla płaskiego przesztywnionego mechanizmu czworoboku przegubowego. Wyznaczone zostały przemieszczenia członów mechanizmu, siły reakcji w parach kinematycznych oraz uogólniona siła równoważąca.
EN
In the paper is presented application of a new method of solution of one-dimensional continuous elastic beam structures in kinetostatic calculations of over-rigid kinematic chains. There was formulated and solved boundary problem with the application of inertia forces in convection motion for the plane over-rigid four-bar linkage mechanism. There were evaluated the displacements of mechanism links, reactive forces in kinematic pairs and generalized equilibrating force.
12
Content available remote Computer Aided Design of Mechatronical Systems by Means the Graphs and Structural Numbers Method
Buchacz A.
Machine Dynamics Problems
|
2004
|
Vol. 28, No. 3
57-62
EN
In this paper three methods were applied in order to synthesize the dynamical characteristics of the longitudinally or torsionally vibrating mechatronical system with cascade and branched structure. Obtained recurrent forms for the dynamical characteristics determinate a base to theirs programming in order to obtain the dynamical flexibilities for n-bars longitudinally or torsionally vibrating mechatronical systems.
13
Content available remote An iterative identification based on the Youla-Kucera parameterisation without model reduction
Kozka S., Mikles J., Fikar M.
Archives of Control Sciences
|
2003
|
Vol. 13, no. 1
19-31
EN
The aim of this paper is to present an iterative identification of the plant in the presence of feedback using input-output data, based on the Youla-Kucera parameterisation. When a reduced complexity model is identified then the controller is designed. here the identified model is just a vehicle for the computation of a controller. The proposed iterative algorithm contains suitably selected filters and ensures that the model reduction of the identified model is not necessary as in the standard approach. This iterative approach simplifies the identification task of the Youla-Kucera parameter as only its numerator has to be estimated. an experiment with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), with represents a non-linear single input -single output (SISO)system, illustrate this feature. LQ controller design is used for stabilisation.
14
Modelowanie oddziaływań między ogniwami robota w reprezentacji szkieletów hipergrafów
Buchacz A.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska
|
2001
|
z. 64
65-72
PL
W pracy porównano klasyczne i nieklasyczne metody modelowania układów ciągłych.
EN
Classical and unclassical methods of modelling of contiuous systems have been compared.
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