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Adaptive characteristics of plants in the conditions of technogenic pollution

Akhtaeva Nursulu, Boribay Elmira, Nurmakhanova Akmaral, Tynybekov Bekzat, Moldagazyyeva Zhanar

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

251--258

EN

The article deals with the problems of induction of the anatomical and morphological structure of plants of different life forms under the conditions of a long-term chronic action of ionising radiation on the territory of the Northern nuclear power plant. Currently, the study and assessment of the radioecological situation on the territory of the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, taking into account the ecological state of natural plant and animal populations, is of particular importance. The study of the reaction of living organisms, be it plants or animals, to different doses of chronic ionising radiation makes it possible to assess and diagnose the state of environmental quality, and these organisms themselves can serve as bioindicators of pollution. On the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site, at the experimental site “Balapan”, 3 sections with meadow type of soil were studied: polluted section no. 1 - the north-western shore of Lake Chagan, polluted section no. 2 - the north-eastern shore of Lake Chagan, and control section no. 3. For structural analysis, the study recorded the vegetative organs of plant species with an increased radiation background. It was found that when the EDR (exposure dose rate) of gamma radiation increases and the plant growth is stimulated. In the conditions of radioactive contamination, with an increase in the activity of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, plants response and changes occur in the internal structure of their vegetative organs. Such adaptive features arise under the influence of a complex of environmental factors, including radiation pollution.

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Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Silphium Perfoliatum L. for the Cultivation of Oil-Contaminated Soils

Lopushnyak Vasyl, Polutrenko Miroslava, Hrytsulyak Halyna, Plevinskis Pavlo, Tonkha Oksana, Pikovska Olena, Bykina Nina, Karabach Kateryna, Voloshin Yurii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

30--39

EN

The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of the use of crops of Silphium Perfoliatum L. for phytoremediation of soils in oil-contaminated areas. Silphium Perfoliatum L. is characterized by unique opportunities for productivity and longevity, can be cultivated in one place for many years. The aim of our work was investigating the rate of accumulation of heavy metals in the aboveground and root mass of Silphium Perfoliatum L. during the introduction of sewage sludge in oil-contaminated areas. The research was conducted in the Precarpathians of Ukraine in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The experimental field is slightly sod-podzolic sandy, there are several remnants of oil spills, the so-called oil slicks. The experiment included 8 options of fertilizing Silphium Perfoliatum L. In soils of contaminated areas determined content of total and mobile forms of metals and their content in the green mass and plant roots by methods according to ISO 4770.3 – GOST 4770.9, atomic adsorption methods in the lab of Ivano-Frankivsk State Institution branch "Soil Protection". The metal translocation coefficient in the system «soil-vegetative mass» and in the system «soil-root» increases in a number: Cd → Ni→ Cot → Pb. That is, the lowest translocation coefficient is in the lead. However, the difference is that in the system «soil-root» the coefficient of translocation is higher by 2–3%, from the translocation of metals in the system «soil – vegetative mass». The coefficient of biological accumulation of heavy metals by perforated sylph increase in a number of elements: Pb → Co → Ni → Cd.

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The Assessment of Land Pollution by Oil Products in the Vicinity of the Operating Oil Pipeline in the Territory of the Sverdlovsk Region

Simakova Tamara, Simakov Anton, Tolstov Vladimir, Skipin Leonid

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

14--18

EN

The developing oil and gas industry in the modern world, including the territory of the Russian Federation, does not remain without a trace for the environment. Land is the national wealth of each state, so it is very important to preserve its natural potential and prevent environmental disasters. Accidents at the territories of operating oil pipelines, which cause great harm to all kinds of natural resources – and first of all to land resources – remain unavoidable. The presented research reveals the methodology of the detailed assessment of the level and degree of soil contamination by oil products. The assessment scale was developed and five zones with different degrees of soil contamination by oil products were established. Using the calculation and a graphic method, a map of zones with the degree of contamination was developed and their exact areas were established. The presented development will be used when carrying out land reclamation of the territory under study.

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Problematyka rekultywacji terenów zdegradowanych chemicznie w badaniach geologiczno-inżynierskich na przykładzie doświadczeń z rejonu Łomianek

Drągowski A., Cabalski K., Radzikowski M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 446 (2)

453--457

PL

Przedstawiono tok postępowania w pracach rekultywacyjnych gleb i gruntów zdegradowanych chemicznie. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych z poligonu badawczego w Łomiankach wykazano konieczność dokonywania badań geochemicznych na terenach, gdzie istnieje chociażby niewielkie prawdopodobieństwo skażeń, określając metodykę badań, kryteria ocen i przykład rekultywacji. Sposób realizacji inwestycji uzależniono od szczegółowego rozpoznania stopnia degradacji podłoża i jego zasięgu przestrzennego w nawiązaniu do wykształcenia litologicznego warstw, warunków geologicznych i hydrogeologicznych oraz koncepcji rekultywacji.

EN

The article presents the course of action in reclamation works on chemical degradation of soils and grounds. On the basis of the data gathered from the test site, the need for geochemical analyses has been demonstrated in the areas of even a slight possibility of contamination. The methods of analyses, evaluation criteria, and example of reclamation have been specified. The way of executing the investment will depend on the detailed identification of the degree of the substrate degradation as well as its spatial extent in relation to the lithologic formation of layers, geological and hydrogeological conditions and the resulting concept of recultivation.

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The effect of soil contamination level and plant origin on contents of arsenic, cadmium, zinc, and arsenic compounds in Mentha Aquatica L

Száková J., Tlustoš P., Goessler W., Pokorný T., Findenig S., Balik J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2011

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Vol. 37, no. 2

109-121

EN

Water mint (Mentha aquatica L.) belongs to the arsenic tolerant plant species suitable for cultivation in Central European climate conditions. Therefore, its possible application for remediation of contaminated soil was investigated in pot and field experiments. Two M. aquatica plants of different origin, i) commercially market-available mint plants, and ii) plants habituated at the arsenic contaminated former mining area in southern Tuscany (Italy) were tested for their arsenic uptake, transformation, and speciation. The total arsenic concentrations in the experimental soils varied from 21 to 1573 mg As kg-1, the mobile fractions did not exceed 2% of total soil arsenic. The mint plants originating from the contaminated area were able to remove ~400 μg of arsenic per pot, whereas the commercial plant removed a significantly lower amount (~300 μg of arsenic per pot). Only arsenite and arsenate, but no organoarsenic compounds were identified in both stems and leaves. Arsenate was the predominant arsenic compound and reached up to 80% regardless of the origin of the mint plants. Although M. aquatica seems to be able to grow in contaminated soils without symptoms of phytotoxicity, its efficiency to remove arsenic from the soil is limited as can be demonstrated by total elimination of As from individual pots not exceeding 0.1%. Moreover, the application of plants originating from the contaminated site did not result in sufficient increase of potential phytoextraction efficiency of M. aquatica. Although not suitable for phytoextraction the M. aquatica plants can be used as vegetation cover of the contaminated soil at the former mining areas.