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Differences in Roughness Parameter Values from Skid and Skidless Contact Stylus Profilometers

Grochalski Karol, Mendak Michał, Jakubowicz Michał, Gapiński Bartosz, Swojak Natalia, Wieczorowski Michał, Krawczyk Aleksandra

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 1

58--70

EN

Contact stylus profilometry is the leading surface texture measuring method in many manufacturing industries. For years it has been unmatched in terms of accuracy and reliability. Advancements in technology have led to the improvements in the profilometer design. A stylus can either have a built in skid or be skidless. In this study, the influence of skid on the measurement accuracy and repeatability was evaluated. Four different contact stylus profilometers were used to measure three standard roughness artifacts each. Every set of measurements consisted of 50 repetitions of the same profile, with the same parameters. Out of these profiles, five roughness parameters were calculated and were subjected to a statistical analysis. Relative errors of these parameters were also considered and presented individually for each roughness standard. Researchers found differences in the measurement results dispersion of various roughness parameters between the three roughness standards. The presented results of the measurements clearly indicated that there is a dispersion of the obtained values for the older type of contact stylus profilometer (P1, skid). The skidless portable devices, P2 and P3, have better measurement resolution, which results in a noticeably lower dispersion of measured values. A tabletop, stationary device utilizes a skidless measuring probe. It has both the best resolution and the highest rigidity, which results in the lowest dispersion of measured values. The lowest relative error of the Ra parameter was determined for the P2 device (9.2%) and the highest was determined for the P3 device (72.6%).

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Analysis of influence of the shape of cutting insert on change of the parameter value describing the deviation of the profile of surface roughness

Pelc A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 1

317--323

EN

The article presents the influence of the shape of the cutting insert on the surface roughness of the material after medium-fine turning machining. The analysis of measurements of the Ra parameter describing the arithmetic mean deviation of the surface roughness profile from the centre line of the profile by the mechanical and contact method was made using the Hommel Etamic Waveline 20 profile (Gdynia Maritime University). The tests were carried out on three stainless steel X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / 1.4404 shafts with a diameter of 80 mm, subjected to medium-precision turning machining at a length of 270 mm, using three cutting inserts made of tungsten carbide shaped T – triangular, C – rhombic, W – trigonal manufactured by Pafana. Values of used parameters are turning speed Vc = 150 m/min, depth of cut ap = 2 mm and feed f = 0.2 mm/rev. The parameters have been selected according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The tests were carried out three times, five measurements on the length of the turned part of the rollers. The first test was made after collecting one layer of material, the second test was carried out after collecting five layers of material, and the third test was made after collecting nine layers of material. The article describes the differences between the used tiles and their effect on surface roughness, presents the results of the research, charts of measurements with averaged values and descriptive statistics of the Ra parameter were presented. It was noted that for all measurements of the Ra parameter, the smallest values were obtained using a W-shaped cutting insert. The Ra parameter using the C and T shaped plates increases with each subsequent measurement. The largest value of the Ra parameter is obtained using the T.

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The effect of measurement method for assessing stereometric structure of surface

Pelc A., Starosta R.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 2

177--182

EN

The article presents the influence of measuring methods of surfaces topography evaluation. Surface topography was measured using a mechanical, contact method by Hommel Tester T-8000-R60 profilometer (Gdynia Maritime University) and using the contactless, optical method by Olympus Lext OLS4100 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (Gdynia Maritime University). A pattern of roughness grade 4 sample was studied (standards PN-58/M-02425 (Ra=10 μm, Rz=40 μm)). Seven measurements were made on each of devices, resulting in a more accurate stereometric image of the sample surface. The area of the test was 1.5×1.5 mm. The radius of the edge of the blade imaging the surface used in the contact method was 2 μm. In the case of the optical method, the test sample surface was subjected to a laser light 405 nm long. This article describes the principle of used measuring instrument operation and their advantages and disadvantages. The results and descriptive statistics (Mann–Whitney U test, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test) of surface altitude parameters, such as Sa, Sp, Sq, Sv, Sz. There were statistically significant differences in topography values between measurements by T-8000 profilometer and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. It was noted that the values of the parameters Sa, Sq are higher with the T-8000 profilometer as a measuring device. The parameters Sp, Sv, Sz have a higher value, when measured on a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope.

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Wykorzystanie profilometru optycznego w obrazowaniu uszkodzeń tribologicznych zaworów kulowych

Pająk M., Madej M., Ozimina D.

Mechanik

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2015

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R. 88 nr 4CD

157--162

PL

W artykule opisano budowę i zasadę działania zaworu kulowego typu AH-2c oraz warunki jego użytkowania rekomendowane przez producenta. Przedstawiono również wyniki badań struktury geometrycznej powierzchni kuli przed oraz po jego eksploatacji. Do badań kuli wykorzystano stykowy profilometr optyczny. Dodatkowo przeanalizowano rzeczywiste warunki eksploatacji oraz skład gazu LPG, który przepływał przez zawór podczas jego eksploatacji.

EN

This article describes the construction and principles of operation of the ball valve (type AH-2c) as well as its terms of use recommended by the manufacturer. The results of studies on the geometric structure of the surface of the floating ball before and after the operation of the ball valve were presented. The contact optical profilometer was used in these studies. In addition, actual operation conditions and composition of gas (LPG) which flows through the ball valve during its operation were analyzed.

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Wpływ smarności paliw na proces zużycia aparatury wtryskowej silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

Gil L., Pieniak D., Ignaciuk P., Ogrodnik P.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2012

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R. 19, nr 9

2433--2339, CD

PL

Paliwa stosowane do zasilania silników ZS oprócz podstawowej funkcji jaką jest dostarczanie energii pełnią również funkcję oleju smarującego. W tym zakresie najważniejszym zadaniem jest smarowanie par precyzyjnych aparatury wtryskowej. W artykule przedstawiono techniczne możliwości wpływania na smarność biopaliw i przedstawiono rezultaty badań zużyciowych materiału stosowanego na elementy par precyzyjnych pomp wtryskowych. Do badań zużyciowych na tribometrze wykorzystano stal ŁH 15 czynnikiem smarującym było biopaliwo o różnej smarności i olej napędowy. Przy ocenie porównawczej zużycia wykorzystano profilometr stykowy. Celem badań było określenie wpływu smarności biopaliwa i oleju napędowego na zużycie aparatury wtryskowej silnika.

EN

Fuels applied in diesel engines apart from a basic function such as providing energy, also act as lubricating oil. In this scope the most important task is lubrication of the injection pumps. In this paper technical possibilities of influencing lubricity of biofules are presented, as well as results of the studies on wear properties of the material used for the injection pumps components. For the study of wear properties by tribometer, bearing steel 1.3505 was used with biofuel of different lubricity and diesel fuel as lubricating agents. For a comparative analysis of wearing a contact profilometer was applied. The objective of the studies was to determine the influence of biofuel and diesel oil lubricity on the wearing process of the engine injection pumps.