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Removal Efficiency of Synthetic Toxic Dye from Water and Waste Water Using Immobilized Green Algae – Bioremediation with Multi Environment Conditions

Juda Sarab A., Ali Ahed Mohammed, Omarin Alla R., Obaid Zahraa Hussein, Salman Jasim M.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 9

237--247

The synthetic dye industry is a significant source of anthropogenic pollutants emitted into many water bodies across the world. Bioremoval is a substitute for industrial techniques for detoxifying dye-contaminated water. Green algae is an abundant microorganism processing to produce cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high-quality method to bioremediation by immobilization technique. In this present study, The effectiveness of the immobilized green alga Chlorella vulgaris to eliminate Congo red dye in both water and wastewater was assessed through the biodegradation Process under various conditions, including pH, concentration of dye, contact time, and NaCl. The results revealed that the removal increased with increasing contact duration, with the maximum bioremoval percentage occurring at 89.6% at a contact time of 13 days. The removal effectiveness of dye as the number of beads of immobilized C.vulgaris algae grew; the highest removal efficiency was achieved at 7–8 beads of immobilized C.vulgaris algae. There was also an inverse relationship between bioremoval and dye concentration; the maximum removal percentage was 90.1% at 0.1 M dye concentration. The highest removal efficiency was found in the range (91.3–86) at pH 6–7. The bioremoval of Congo red dye was similar in fresh and salinity water (87.2% and 85.3%, respectively). This study observed high removal efficiency for immobilized algae to Congo red under different concentrations of NaCl as an indicator of salinity, ranging between 85.3 and 87.2%.

Utilization of Rambutan Peel as a Potential Adsorbent for the Adsorption of Malachite Green, Procion Red, and Congo Red Dyes

Hasanah Mauizatul, Juleanti Novie, Priambodo Aldi, Arsyad Fitri Suryani, Lesbani Aldes, Mohadi Risfidian

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 3

148--157

Bioadsorbent preparation from rambutan peel applied as adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, SEM-EDS, BET and TG-DTA analysis. FTIR analysis showed the presence of specific cellulose compounds in the rambutan peel bioadsorbent, the rambutan peel bioadsorbent was amorphous, there were wavy and uneven pores in the morphology of the rambutan peel and had the highest elemental content of 74.3%, the surface area of the rambutan peel was 1.22 cm/g. The adsorption process was applied to malachite green, congo red, and procion red dyes with parameters such as pH, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics. Based on kinetic parameters, the adsorption process of malachite green, congo red, and procion red using rambutan peel tends to follow the pseudo second order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity achieved was 182.40 mg/g in procion red, 6.24 mg/g in congo red, and 11.73 mg/g in malachite green. The adsorption process takes place spontaneously which is indicated by a negative Gibs free energy value.

Adsorption of malachite green and congo red dyes from water: recent progress and future outlook

Swan Ng Boon, Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2019

Vol. 26, nr 1

119--132

Global concern on dyes-laden effluent has intensified over the years. Dyes are toxic, stable to light, and hardly oxidized and bio-degraded, hence causing severe physiological effects to living organisms. In water, dye hinders the light penetration for photosynthetic activity, consequently oxygen is deficient for respiration by aquatic creatures. Adsorption has been widely recognized as the effective removal strategy to abate dye wastewater. However, the quests to improve the adsorption efficiency are continuously sought through new adsorbents with special characters, while performing the removal process at optimum operating conditions. This short review aims to summarize the recent progress in adsorption studies of two commonly used industrial dyes, namely malachite green and congo red by various adsorbents. From the quoted studies, the oxidized mesoporous carbon yields a higher adsorption capacity of malachite green at 1265 mg/g, while Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2 displays a greater capacity for congo red removal at 1429 mg/g. A superior adsorption relies not only on specific surface area but also the synergistic interactions of pore width and mesoporosity, surface chemistry, and operating conditions. The dyes properties and factors affecting the adsorption are also highlighted and discussed, with recommendations and future outlook.