It is observed that in the world economy the consumption of the natural resources increases which results in the growth of a stream of municipal and industrial waste. Both of these phenomena belong to the most important civilization problems. One of the potential directions of the waste management should be the recovery of energy from the combustible fraction. One of the possibilities to convert energy from waste into usable power is gasification, i.e. transformation of the municipal waste into syngas. The paper presents a concept of a gasification plant for gasification of selected organic waste. Tests were conducted for selected fractions from the stream of municipal waste. Simulation calculations of the gasification process were performed with the help of software ChemCAD 7.0.0.
The main aim of the paper was to elaborate a conception of spatial development around dormitories of the Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum located in Prokocim – one of Krakow quarters. The area that is being elaborated comprises public space of academic commune which lives there. Lack of possibility to spend free time in the closest neigbourhood together with special landscape values and a very bad state of buildings and also outdated infrastructure became inspiration to create this conception. The task was characterized by works’ multi-stages and its main goal was to create favourable conditions of functioning and friendly space for its inhabitants. Special attention should have been paid to demands concerning architecture, environment and landscape values with simultaneous preserving of economic balance while planning the conception. Planned assumption of modernization and development of objects and not only sporting and recreational ones can become a response for inhabitants’ expectations and needs in the range of free time realization and spending.
Przedstawiono problem wyboru koncepcji iluminacji obiektów powstałych w okresie gotyku na przykładzie obiektu obronnego (zamek w Lidzbarku Warmińskim).
EN
The paper presents a problem of selecting the conception of illumination of objects built during the Gothic period on the example of fortified object (the castle in Lidzbark Warmiński).
Artykuł przedstawia praktyczne aspekty budowy koncepcji centrów logistycznych. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na identyfikację, analizę i ocenę głównych czynników wpływających na tworzenie koncepcji centrów logistycznych w Polsce.
EN
The article presents the practical aspects of the concept of logistics centers. The study allowed the identification, analysis and evaluation of the key factors influencing the formation of the concept of logistics centers in Poland.
The article regards critical systems precisely controlled by safety units. A new idea of safety logic microcontroller is proposed. It is built on the basis of the simplest mechanisms and technical solutions. This approach allowed to obtain a complex decision-making and control microsystem, in which the applied mechanisms and solutions increased its reliability. As a result, the proposed control unit proved to be a universal solution, which can be used in any critical system.
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Purpose: The article deals with the advance configuration and the installation of vehicle components to the experimental rail vehicle powered by the traction battery. Particularly the paper focus on the research problems of the construction of the experimental rail vehicle (bogie), the structure of electrical equipment of experimental rail vehicle (traction drive, control system, power supply system and the research problems of the influence between the different systems placed on the experimental rail vehicle are mentioned as well. Design/methodology/approach: The design of the experimental rail vehicle which has a foursome mechanically independent drives and each drive has own DSP controller, is specific. The mentioned configuration ensures the coordination of the traction forces between traction drives, which create one bogie with independently rotating wheels, provides the necessary energy flows. For the reason of the effects of the control to running characteristics the experimental rail vehicle has a lot of sensors and the other measuring devices. Findings: The problems of EMC - influence elimination of traction drive with PMSMs, control and measurement are solved. The sophisticated structure of the conception of the vehicle, which is expected to minimization of influence to the sensitive precision measuring equipment from, was designed during the development of the experimental rail vehicle (the minimization was achieved by LCD and LC filter modules). Research limitations/implications: The vehicle with four PMSMs form the whole traction vehicle drive with the total nominal power of 5 kW because of the budget is limited. Originality/value: The special conception of rail vehicle, which is mechanically designed by Rolling Stock Research Institute, is constructed at the JPTF for the purposes of experimental research on vehicles with independently rotating wheels.
W pracy przedstawiono opis wybranych istotnych elementów całego procesu przywracającego możliwości eksploatacyjne żelbetowego komina znajdującego się w Elektrowni Ostrołęka.
EN
This article describes selected key elements of the overall process for restoring operational capability to a reinforced concrete chimney located at the Ostrołęka power plant.
In this paper a new conception of safety logic microcontroller (BML) is described, together with its physical hardware realization. The unit has various mechanisms which increase its safety and reliability, so that it can satisfy rigorous requirements of safety-critical systems. Thus, the BML unit uses some untypical and innovative technical solutions. The new approach to safety systems development allowed to propose a new conception. The paper describes also physical realization of small multiprocessor BML unit for management of decision-control systems adopted to critical usage.
This study presents the vehicle classifications existing in various documents: „The Encyclopaedia of military Technology”, The Polish Norm PN-V-01002: „Armoured Equipment. Parameters and comparative ratios. Terminology and classification”, Structure of Car Transportation of Polish Armed Forces, The Defence Equipment Classification, The Allied Research Procedures Publication AVTP 00-07 „Military Vehicles Categories” (STANAG 4357 and 4358), The Common Procurement Vocabulary, established by the European Commission) and Fixed Assets Classification. The authors of the article take note of the inaccuracies in existing classifications and point out the necessity to create new, logical error free classification. The conception presented in the article is an attempt to put this situation in order. Presented conception of classification vehicles used in the army, primarily as weapons carries, necessary combat and logistics equipment, and also as means of transport and protection of sub-units of infantry, in order to eliminate chaos in military vehicle nomenclature used in documents such us: acts, regulations, norms and instructions. The conception characterizes certain level of generalization. For further detailed division can be used criteria named in the article: general criteria and particular criteria.
Omówiono historię przeprawy od roku 1884, kiedy zbudowano most drewniany długości 173 m, zburzony w roku 1921. W roku 1924 wzniesiono most żelbetowy siedmioprzęslowy, zburzony w roku 1945. Od tego czasu istnieje wyłącznie przeprawa promowa. Przedstawiono koncepcje budowy nowego mostu z betonu sprężonego, nawiązujące formą do istniejącego wcześniej mostu żelbetowego.
EN
The history of old bridge from 1884 has been given, when wood structure was constructed, destroyed in 1921. In 1924 concrete bridge had been erected with seven concrete spans, than destroyed in 1945. From that time ferry comunication has been exsited in that place. A few conceptions of new bridge structure has been given in this paper.
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W artykule przedstawiono rozważania na temat zmian w organizacji ratownictwa górniczego w górnictwie węgla kamiennego w Polsce. Przedstawiono różne poglądy przedstawicieli środowiska zawodowego zainteresowanego ta tematyką oraz własne propozycje autora. Przyjęto, że istotą i celem zmian powinna być poprawa funkcjonowania ratownictwa oraz optymalizacji kosztów jego funkcjonowania w skali całej branży, bez pogarszania stanu ochrony pracy górników.
EN
Considerations in mine rescue organization changes in hard coal mining in Poland are presented. Various views of the representatives of professional environment interested in this issues, as well as the Authors own proposals are presented. It was accepted, that the essence and aim of changes should be improvement of rescue work as well as optimization of its functioning costs in the whole branch scale at no worsening of miners. work protection.
Przedstawiono propozycję budowy mostu wiszącego lub podwieszonego (przęsło główne rozpiętości 540 m) w ciągu realizowanej obwodnicy Augustowa. To rozwiązanie - zdaniem autorów - spełnia w dużej mierze postulaty ekologów oraz mieszkańców i umożliwia kontynuowanie rozpoczętych robót.
EN
Cable-stayed and suspension bridge concepts (with 540 m span) of the bridge along ring road of Augustow over the Rospuda Valley are presented. According to the authors, these concepts fulfill most of the demands posted by ecologists and citizens of the neighborhood and allow to continue the ring road construction.
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Przepisy techniczne w polskim drogownictwie są niespójne, nie uaktualniane na czas, istotne błędy nie są korygowane. Nie ma systematycznego zbierania informacji o wadliwych zapisach, a zgłaszane przez środowisko uwagi są ignorowane. Należy pilnie opracować spójną koncepcję i systemowo zaktualizować przepisy.
EN
Technical regulations in Polish road engineering are not coherent, not updated on time, significant errors are not corrected. There is no systematic collection of information on defective provisions and reported comments are ignored. It is necessary to elaborate coherent concept and update consequently the regulations.
Artykuł dotyczy badań w dziedzinie systemów pomiarowych bazujących na zasadach teorii "złotych pierścieni liczbowych" (ZPL). Zasady tej teorii prowadzą do rozwoju techniki komputerowej, bazującej na wykorzystaniu nieznanych wcześniej wspaniałych własności kodów ZPL. Jako przykład może służyć optymalizacja rozmieszczenia elementów pomiarowych w przestrzeni w celu osiągnięcia jak najlepszej zdolności rozdzielczej całego systemu.
EN
The paper considers research in the area of measuring systems based on the "gold numerical rings" (GNR)s. The fundamentals of the theory lead to development of computing technology using unknown earlier remarkable properties of the GRB codes. As an example it can be the optimization for arrangement of sensors spreading in a space for achievement of the best resolving ability for all systems.
Postępujący od lat 90. proces likwidacji kopalń węgla w GZW jest przyczyną tworzenia w wyrobiskach górniczych zbiorników wodnych o pojemności każdego z nich liczonej w milionach metrów sześciennych retencjonowanej wody. Mimo obserwowanego w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu spadku liczby zdarzeń wynikających z zaistnienia zagrożenia wodnego zbiorniki wodne powstające w wyrobiskach kopalń likwidowanych stanowią i będą stanowić coraz większe zagrożenie dla aktualnie prowadzonych i planowanych robót górniczych. Ich oddziaływanie w warunkach zróżnicowanych właściwości środowiska geologicznego pociąga za sobą konieczność zmiany podejścia do oceny skali zagrożeń wodnych i ich prognozowania, co w sposób ogólny starano się przedstawić w artykule.
EN
The progressive process of mines abandoning in the USCB from early 90's caused the formation in mine workings of water reservoirs with a capacity of each of millions m3 of retentioned water. Despite the observed decrease of incidents that result from the water hazard during last decade, the water reservoirs that come into existence in mine workings of abandoned mines endanger and will cause even greater hazard for conducted and planned mine workings. Their influence in conditions of various properties of geological environment entail the necessity of changes in an attitude to the assessment of the scale of water hazard and their prognoses, what was presented in general in the article.
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