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Kompetencje informatyczne uczniów kształtowane w trakcie edukacji podstawowej i ponadpodstawowej na podstawie oceny „krzyżowej” – nauczycieli i uczniów szkół średnich. Województwo dolnośląskie

Wiśniewska-Paź Barbara, Trojanowski Paweł

Cybersecurity and Law

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2024

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Vol. 12 (2)

78--93

PL

Kompetencje informatyczne, tj. nie tylko umiejętność obsługi komputera, lecz także pewien poziom elastyczności w używaniu oprogramowania (świadomość zagrożeń, ograniczeń, ale także możliwości w nim tkwiących) to podstawowy zasób określonych kompetencji społecznych w ztechnologizowanym świecie i jednocześnie jeden z głównych poziomów kompetencji cyfrowych obok informacyjnego i funkcjonalnego, istotny w społeczeństwie określanym mianem informatycznego. Jest on kształtowany zarówno w procesach żywiołowych (indywidualny użytek), jak i w procesie edukacyjnym oraz środowisku pracy. Z punktu widzenia pożądanych efektów – edukacyjny ma istotne znacznie. Czy szkoła polska jest przygotowana pod względem programowym, sprzętowym i kadrowym do tego typu wyzwań? Czy nowy rodzaj wiedzy, jaką ma przekazywać, nie zostanie rozmyty w tradycyjnym stylu nauczania? Czy kultura informatyczna i nowe słownictwo opisujące nieistniejące przed dekadami obszary społecznej praktyki staną się czymś powszechnym czy też raczej wyznaczą nowe kryteria społecznych podziałów? To pytania, które leżą u źródła zainteresowania zagadnieniem przedstawionym w niniejszym artykule, w którym zostały zaprezentowane wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród uczniów i nauczycieli szkół po¬nadpodstawowych. W artykule są omawiane kompetencje informatyczne uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych na podstawie oceny uzyskanej w szkole podstawowej. Zderzenie samoocen uczniowskich z ocenami nauczycieli pozwala zwrócić uwagę na pewne niedoskonałości nauczania informatyki w polskich szkołach powszechnych.

EN

IT competences, not only the ability to operate a computer, but also a certain level of flexibility when using software (awareness of threats, limitations, but also opportunities that lie in it) is a specific social resource. Essential in a society known as information technology. It is shaped both in natural processes (individual use) and in the educational process. From the point of view of the desired effects, the latter is of much greater importance. However, is the Polish school prepared, in terms of programme, equipment and staff, for this type of challenge? Will the new kind of knowledge it is supposed to impart be „watered down” by the old-fashioned way of teaching? Will IT culture and a new range of vocabulary describing areas of social practice that did not exist decades ago become something common, or will they rather set new criteria for social divisions? These are the questions that lie at the source of interest in the issue referred to in this article, which presents a report on research conducted among students and teachers of secondary schools. The article discusses the IT competences of secondary school students in relation to the grade obtained in primary school. The clash of self-assessments of „students” with teachers’ assessments allows to highlight the imperfections of teaching computer science in Polish elementary schools.

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The impact of project excellence on the level of project maturity of an organization

Woźniak Monika, Sliż Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

759--782

EN

Purpose: The main research objective entails identification of the project excellence manifestations in project-immature organizations as well as delineation of the areas of excellence positively affecting the PMMM-model-accordant organizational project maturity. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the research objective, the methods of bibliometric analysis and literature review, as well as an opinion survey, statistical analysis and LOGIT modeling, were used in the theoretical and the empirical dimensions respectively. The study covered a group of large organizations registered in Poland, which were assessed with respect to their levels of project maturity and excellence. The statistical analysis carried out allowed a delineation of the excellence areas positively impacting project maturity in organizations at low stages of project maturity. Findings: The vast majority of the examined group of large organizations is characterized by low levels of project maturity and excellence. The entities surveyed meet the excellence criterion mainly in the areas of process integration and culture. Statistically, the area of excellence supporting organizational project maturity is informal project management. Areas of project excellence, which, if properly managed, will positively affect the level of organizational project maturity have been identified. Research limitations/implications: The use of non-probabilistic sampling is a research limitation restraining the conclusions formulated to the surveyed group of 48 large organizations. The study carried out can serve as an inducement of extended empirical investigations. Future research should be focused on the search for the factors supporting and hindering the achievement of higher levels of project maturity, in order to formulate assumptions regarding a strategy enabling organizations’ transition to higher levels of project maturity. Practical implications: The research results indicate important interdependencies between the stages of project maturity and the areas of excellence. These interdependencies call the attention of business and project-management practitioners to the prospect of achieving higher levels of organizational project maturity through targeted management of the key, from the positive¬impact perspective, areas of project excellence. Recognition of these mechanisms should encourage businesses to take deliberate steps aimed at improvement of organizational project management. Originality/value: The article fills an important cognitive gap by indicating that management activities focused on the project excellence areas identified in the paper can positively impact the levels of project maturity. The results can be of significance for both the researchers exploring for the factors supporting the achievement of higher project-maturity levels as well as the practitioners, i.e., organizations keen on methodical improvement of project maturity levels.

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Artificial intelligence in the design and production of personalized 3D printed products - conclusions from the project “Things are for People”

Mikołajewski Dariusz, Rojek Izabela, Kaczmarek Mariusz, Kotlarz Piotr, Kempiński Marcin, Szczepański Zbigniew, Kopowski Jakub, Nowak Joanna, Macko Marek, Szczepańczyk Andrzej, Schmidt Tomasz, Leszczyński Paweł

Mechanik

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2023

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R. 96, nr 4

6--11

EN

This article is a development of a paper presented at the International Conference “Intelligent Solutions for Industry - ISI 2022”, under the media patronage of the “Mechanik” journal, which is a platform for the exchange of knowledge, review and discussion of theoretical advances, research results and industrial experience, between academics, researchers, policy makers, practitioners and students working on topics related to Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing. Artificial intelligence (broader: computational intelligence) has been an area of intense research and industrial application for many years, but it continues to open up new areas of exploration and application for researchers, clinicians and industry practitioners. The development of the Industry 4.0 paradigm has further accelerated these processes. A particularly interesting field of application for artificial intelligence is medical devices produced by incremental technologies, popularly known as 3D printing. The cumulative potential of Industry 4.0, 3D printing (or indeed reverse engineering as a whole) and the latest developments in artificial intelligence could realise a breakthrough giving new design and manufacturing technologies in personalised mass production. The article shows selected possibilities in this area based on an overview of in-house solutions developed during the implementation of the NCBR grant “Things are for People” dedicated to a 3D printed arm exoskeleton.

PL

Artykuł jest rozwinięciem referatu wygłoszonego na Międzynarodowej Konferencji „Inteligentne Rozwiązania dla Przemysłu - ISI 2022”, która odbyła się pod patronatem medialnym czasopisma „Mechanik”, będącej platformą wymiany wiedzy, przeglądu i dyskusji na temat postępów teoretycznych, wyników badań i doświadczeń przemysłowych pomiędzy pracownikami naukowymi, badaczami, decydentami, praktykami i studentami zajmującymi się tematyką związaną z Przemysłem 4.0 i inteligentną produkcją. Sztuczna inteligencja (szerzej: inteligencja obliczeniowa) jest od wielu lat obszarem intensywnych badań i zastosowań przemysłowych, wciąż jednak otwiera przez naukowcami, klinicystami i praktykami z przemysłu nowe obszary zastosowań. Opracowanie paradygmatu Przemysłu 4.0 przyśpieszyło jeszcze te procesy. Ciekawym polem zastosowań sztucznej inteligencji są zwłaszcza wyroby medyczne produkowane technologiami przyrostowymi, popularnie nazywanymi drukiem trójwymiarowym. Skumulowany potencjał Przemysłu 4.0, druku 3D (czy wręcz całej inżynierii odwrotnej) oraz najnowszych osiągnięć sztucznej inteligencji może się przyczynić do przełomu, dostarczając nowe technologie projektowania i wytwarzania w personalizowanej produkcji masowej. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane możliwości w tym obszarze na podstawie przeglądu rozwiązań własnych wypracowanych podczas realizacji grantu NCBR „Rzeczy są dla ludzi”, poświęconego drukowanemu 3D egzoszkieletowi na rękę.

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Particle swarm methods for transport and logistics optimization processes

Lisowski Józef

Journal of Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 5, No. 1

21--34

EN

This article describes heuristic approaches to static optimization methods, taking into account the nature of the motion of a swarm of particles representing, for example, birds, ants, bees, fireflies, bats, krill, cuckoos, cuttlefish, cockroaches, or the pollination process of flowers. In the given descriptions of the methods, the features of swarm intelligence are detailed, the optimization quality indicators are formulated, and flow charts of the computational algorithms are provided.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono heurystyczne metody optymalizacji statycznej wykorzystujące naturalne zasady ruchu roju cząstek – ptaków, mrówek, pszczół, świetlików, nietoperzy, kryli, kukułek, mątw, karaluchów i zapylania kwiatów. Dla każdej z metod opisano cechę inteligencji roju, przedstawiono postać funkcji celu oraz podano zasadę działania algorytmu optymalizacji.

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Informatyka i edukacja informatyczna w opinii uczniów szkół średnich – ocena jakości i metod przekazu wiedzy. Województwo dolnośląskie

Wiśniewska-Paź Barbara, Trojanowski Paweł

Cybersecurity and Law

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2023

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Vol. 10 (2)

249--269

PL

W artykule przyjęto założenie, że ocena sposobu i jakości nauczania informatyki w szkołach podstawowych, formułowana przez najbardziej zainteresowanych tą jakością (czyli uczniów odbywających lekcje informatyki) ma, oprócz analizy danych statystycznych opisujących infrastrukturę komputerową i edukacyjną, znaczenie kluczowe dla oceny kompetencji informatycznych, z jakimi uczniowie opuszczają szkołę podstawową. Ocena ta, nawet jeśli subiektywna, oparta na opiniach, a nie testach kompetencji zderzonych z ocenami wystawianymi przez nauczycieli, to powinna być jedną z podstaw do zaprojektowania reformy nauczania informatyki w szkołach podstawowych, nie tyle w zakresie treści programowych, ile raczej w sferze praktyki edukacyjnej. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badania opinii na ten temat wśród uczniów dolnośląskich szkół ponadpodstawowych. Badani uczniowie mieli możliwość wyrażenia swoich opinii i ocen o takich kwestiach, jak: informatyka jako dyscyplina praktyczna, struktura programu nauczania i proces jego realizacji, ocena jakości lekcji informatyki w wymiarach treściowych i w zakresie zaplecza samego procesu nauczania (sprzęt, metody przekazu wiedzy i kadra dydaktyczna).

EN

The article assumes that the assessment of the method and quality of teaching computer science in primary schools, formulated by those most interested in this quality (i.e. students taking computer science lessons), has, apart from the analysis of statistical data describing the computer and educational infrastructure, key importance for the assessment of competences with which students leave primary school. This assessment, even if subjective, based on opinions and not tests of competences juxtaposed with grades issued by teachers, should be the basis for designing a reform of teaching computer science in primary schools, not so much in terms of curriculum content, but rather in the sphere of educational practice. The article reports the results of an opinion poll conducted on this subject among secondary school students. The surveyed students had the opportunity to express their opinions and assessments on such matters as: computer science as a practical discipline, the structure of the curriculum and the process of its implementation, evaluation of the quality of computer science lessons in terms of content and the background of the teaching process itself (equipment and teachers).

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Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding by Constructive Preference Learning

Słowiński Roman

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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Vol. 35

39--39

EN

The notion of preference is relevant across a variety of scientific disciplines, including economics and social sciences, operations research and decision sciences, artificial intelligence, psychology, and philosophy. Preferences provide a means for specifying desires in a declarative and intelligible way, a key element for the effective representation of knowledge and reasoning respecting the value systems of Decision Makers (DMs) [1].

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Measuring Trustworthiness in Neuro-Symbolic Integration

Agiollo Andrea, Omicini Andrea

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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Vol. 35

1--10

EN

Neuro-symbolic integration of symbolic and subsymbolic techniques represents a fast-growing AI trend aimed at mitigating the issues of neural networks in terms of decision processes, reasoning, and interpretability. Several state-of-the-art neuro-symbolic approaches aim at improving performance, most of them focusing on proving their effectiveness in terms of raw predictive performance and/or reasoning capabilities. Meanwhile, few efforts have been devoted to increasing model trustworthiness, interpretability, and efficiency - mostly due to the complexity of measuring effectively improvements in terms of trustworthiness and interpretability. This is why here we analyse and discuss the need for ad-hoc trustworthiness metrics for neuro-symbolic techniques. We focus on two popular paradigms mixing subsymbolic computation and symbolic knowledge, namely: (i) symbolic knowledge extraction (SKE), aimed at mapping subsymbolic models into human-interpretable knowledge bases; and (ii) symbolic knowledge injection (SKI), aimed at forcing subsymbolic models to adhere to a given symbolic knowledge. We first emphasise the need for assessing neuro-symbolic approaches from a trustworthiness perspective, highlighting the research challenges linked with this evaluation and the need for ad-hoc trust definitions. Then we summarise recent developments in SKE and SKI metrics focusing specifically on several trustworthiness pillars such as interpretability, efficiency, and robustness of neuro-symbolic methods. Finally, we highlight open research opportunities towards reliable and flexible trustworthiness metrics for neuro-symbolic integration.

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The analytical expressions to describe wave propagation and heat release during microwave treatment of porous inhomogeneous plate based on the W.K.B. solution model

Holubets Taras, Terletskiy Rostyslav, Yuzevych Vlodymyr

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 1(75)

69--81

EN

In this paper study for wave propagation in non-homogeneous porous plate sample with slowly varyingrefractive indexis presented. It is based on simple symmetricsolution of the wave equation for linearlypolarized electromagnetic wave aligned into the porous plate perpendicularlyto the external surface. Using correct boundary conditions both the transverseelectric (T.E) and transversemagnetic (T.M) modes, named shortly by (T.E.M) mode for electromagnetic wave, are considered. The Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (W.K.B.) solutions for symmetric incident irradiation of fixed power generated at the plate surfaceswas obtained. It isdonethe analysis of the reflection and transmission coefficients on the surfaces of plate.

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Wielokryterialna analiza wyników badania wypalenia zawodowego

Mikołajewski Dariusz, Masiak Jolanta, Mikołajewska Emilia, Wójcik Grzegorz M.

Studia i Materiały Informatyki Stosowanej

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2022

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T. 14, nr 3

32--37

PL

Celem niniejszego badania poświęconego wielokryterialnej analizie wypalenia zawodowego jest wypełnienie istniejącej luki badawczej, wnosząc element nowości i umożliwiając przysżłosciowe oorównanie z innymi metodami analitycznymi stosowanym do oceny wypalenia zawodowego. Koncepcja wykorzystania MCA w analizie wyników wypalenia zawodowego wydaje się przydatna i efektywna. MCA działa w tym przypadku jako użyteczne narzędzie obliczeniowe. Może być skutecznie stosowane w obszarze wypalenia zawodowego i stresu zwiazanego z pracą, gdzie metodologie oparte na pojedynczych kryteriach dają niepewne wyniki, są dyskusyjne lub mogą być uznane za nieskuteczne, gdyż istotne dla własciwej oceny i podjęcie decyzji czynniki (organizacyjne, społeczne, środowiskowe i inne) nie mogą być wyrażone w kategoriach wartości obiektywnych lub są wyrażane lingwistycznie. Dalsze badania z wykorzystaniem logiki rozmytej mogą przynieść kolejny etap rozwoju proponowanej metody w kierunku podejścia całościowego.

EN

The aim of this study on multi-criteria analysis of job burnout is to fill an existing research gap, bringing an element of novelty and enabling a near comparison with other analytical methods used to assess job burnout. The concept of using the MCA in the analysis of occupational burnout outcomes appears useful and effective. The MCA acts as a useful computational tool in this case. It can be effectively applied in the area of job burnout and work-related stress, where single-criteria methodologies produce uncertain results, are debatable or may be considered ineffective, because the factors (organisational, social, environmental and other) relevant for proper assessment and decisionmaking cannot be expressed in terms of objective values or are expressed linguistically. Further research using fuzzy logic may bring the next step in the development of the proposed method towards a holistic approach.

10

Solving Infinite Games in the Baire Space

Brütsch Benedikt, Thomas Wolfgang

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2022

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Vol. 186, nr 1-4

63--88

EN

Infinite games (in the form of Gale-Stewart games) are studied where a play is a se- quence of natural numbers chosen by two players in alternation, the winning condition being a subset of the Baire space ωω . We consider such games defined by a natural kind of parity au- tomata over the alphabet N, called N-MSO-automata, where transitions are specified by monadic second-order formulas over the successor structure of the natural numbers. We show that the classical Büchi-Landweber Theorem (for finite-state games in the Cantor space 2ω) holds again for the present games: A game defined by a deterministic parity N-MSO-automaton is deter- mined, the winner can be computed, and an N-MSO-transducer realizing a winning strategy for the winner can be constructed.

11

Affine completeness of some free binary algebras

Arnold André, Cégielski Patrick, Guessarian Irène

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2022

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Vol. 186, nr 1-4

27--44

EN

A function on an algebra is congruence preserving if, for any congruence, it maps pairs of congruent elements onto pairs of congruent elements. An algebra is said to be affine complete if every congruence preserving function is a polynomial function. We show that the algebra of (possibly empty) binary trees whose leaves are labeled by letters of an alphabet containing at least one letter, and the free monoid on an alphabet containing at least two letters are affine complete.

12

A Note on Calculi for Non-deterministic Many-valued Logics

Kaminski Michael

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2022

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Vol. 186, nr 1-4

143--153

EN

We present two deductively equivalent calculi for non-deterministic many-valued log ics. One is defined by axioms and the other – by rules of inference. The two calculi are obtained from the truth tables of the logic under consideration in a straightforward manner. We prove soundness and strong completeness theorems for both calculi and also prove the cut elimination theorem for the calculi defined by rules of inference.

13

Constructive Consistent Approximations in Pairwise Comparisons

Smarzewski Ryszard, Kozera Ryszard

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 4

243--255

EN

In this paper we investigate groups which admit the existence of weighted consistent approximations for pairwise comparisons matrices. These approximations are defined by extending the classical matrix projection for R_{+} to abstract weighted projections on the non-linear sets of transitive group-valued matrices. It is of interest that all of them are represented by general explicit formulae dependent on an abstract logarithmic function. This general approach is applied to the groups Z^{∗}_{p} and F^{∗}_{2m} which are of fundamental importance in in cryptography. Finally, we use our unified mathematical model of pairwise comparisons for continuous one-parameter unitary groups, which play a fundamental role in physics.

14

Achieving Good Nash Equilibrium by Temporal Addition of Dummy Players

Dadush Ofek, Tamir Tami

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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Vol. 25

163--172

EN

We consider cost-sharing games in which resources' costs are fairly shared by their users. The total players' cost in a Nash Equilibrium profile may be significantly higher than the social optimum. We compare and analyze several methods to lead the players to a good Nash Equilibrium by temporal addition of dummy players. The dummies create artificial load on some resources, that encourage other players to change their strategies. We show that it is NP-hard to calculate an optimal strategy for the dummy players. We then focus on symmetric singleton games for which we suggest several heuristics for the problem. We analyze their performance distinguishing between several classes of instances and several performance measures.

15

MILP, Pseudo-Boolean, and OMT Solvers for Optimal Fault-Tolerant Placements of Relay Nodes in Mission Critical Wireless Networks

Chen Qian Matteo, Finzi Alberto, Mancini Toni, Melatti Igor, Tronci Enrico

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2020

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Vol. 174, nr 3/4

229--258

EN

In critical infrastructures like airports, much care has to be devoted in protecting radio communication networks from external electromagnetic interference. Protection of such mission-critical radio communication networks is usually tackled by exploiting radiogoniometers: at least three suitably deployed radiogoniometers, and a gateway gathering information from them, permit to monitor and localise sources of electromagnetic emissions that are not supposed to be present in the monitored area. Typically, radiogoniometers are connected to the gateway through relay nodes. As a result, some degree of fault-tolerance for the network of relay nodes is essential in order to offer a reliable monitoring. On the other hand, deployment of relay nodes is typically quite expensive. As a result, we have two conflicting requirements: minimise costs while guaranteeing a given fault-tolerance. In this paper, we address the problem of computing a deployment for relay nodes that minimises the overall cost while at the same time guaranteeing proper working of the network even when some of the relay nodes (up to a given maximum number) become faulty (fault-tolerance ). We show that, by means of a computation-intensive pre-processing on a HPC infrastructure, the above optimisation problem can be encoded as a 0/1 Linear Program, becoming suitable to be approached with standard Artificial Intelligence reasoners like MILP, PB-SAT, and SMT/OMT solvers. Our problem formulation enables us to present experimental results comparing the performance of these three solving technologies on a real case study of a relay node network deployment in areas of the Leonardo da Vinci Airport in Rome, Italy.

16

Gradient Boosting Application in Forecasting of Performance Indicators Values for Measuring the Efficiency of Promotions in FMCG Retail

Henzel Joanna, Sikora Marek

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

59--68

EN

In the paper, a problem of forecasting promotion efficiency is raised. The authors propose a new approach, using the gradient boosting method for this task. Six performance indicators are introduced to capture the promotion effect. For each of them, within predefined groups of products, a model was trained. A description of using these models for forecasting and optimising promotion efficiency is provided. Data preparation and hyperparameters tuning processes are also described. The experiments were performed for three groups of products from a large grocery company.

17

Extended distributive contact lattices and extended contact algebras

Ivanova Tatyana

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

69--75

EN

The notion of contact algebra is one of the main tools in mereotopology. This paper considers a generalisation of contact algebra (called extended distributive contact lattice) and the so called extended contact algebras which extend the language of contact algebras by the predicates covering and internal connectedness.

18

Enterprise Modeling: From Digital Transformation to Digital Ubiquity

Fill Hans-Georg

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

1--4

EN

While digital transformation is still a challenge for many companies when introducting digital technologies in existing processes and business models, digital ubiquity stands for the next step in digitalization. It characterizes the omnipresence of a large range of digital technologies, connectivity, and data as well as entirely digital organizations. This includes for example upcoming technologies such as distributed ledgers, artificial intelligence or augmented reality and according interfaces and data sources as well as decentralized apps and autonomous organizations. The challenge thus becomes to optimally deal with these opportunities and deploy them efficiently in business scenarios. In this paper we will investigate the role of enterprise modeling under this paradigm and how it can contribute to a well-structured, systematic understanding of complex digital phenomena for supporting business and technological decisions.

19

Concept Blueprints Serving More Focused User Queries

Englmeier Kurt

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

45--48

EN

Information Retrieval is about user queries and strategies executed by machines to find the documents that best suit the user's information need. However, this need reduced to a couple of words gives the retrieval system (IRS) a lot room for interpretation. In order to zero in on the user's need many a IRS expands the user query by implicitly adding or explicitly recommending the users further useful terms that help to specify their information need. Queries often do not comprise more than a handful of terms, which, in turn, do not sufficiently represent the user's need. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an approach that enables users to resort to implicitly more complex query expressions. We call these semantic structures concept blueprints. Furthermore, users have the possibility to define the blueprints on their own. The purpose of the blueprints is to spot more precisely the text passage that fits the user's information need.

20

Computing Duals of Finite Gödel Algebras

Codara Pietro, Maurina Gabriele, Valota Diego

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2020

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Vol. 21

31--34

EN

We introduce an algorithm that computes and counts the duals of finite G\"odel-Dummett algebras of k ≥ 1 elements. The computational cost of our algorithm depends on the factorization of k, nevertheless a Python implementation is sufficiently fast to compute the results for very large values of k.