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Biogeochemical Principles of Plant Product Quality in Agrolandscapes with Typical Chernozems

Yehorova Tetiana, Palapa Nadiya, Nagorniuk Oksana, Sobczyk Wiktoria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 10

304--316

Peculiarities of formation, distribution and fertility of typical chernozems on the territory of Europe as a whole and within the agricultural lands of Ukraine were given. It is noted that the existing agro-industrial characteristics of agricultural products least reflect the quality of raw materials and therefore are not analyzed as a factor influencing public health. The relevance of biogeochemical research of food (agricultural) raw materials and the introduction of new criteria for its quality were outlined. The purpose of the presented research was to expand the quality indicators of agricultural products on the basis of topical structure of agricultural landscapes and biogeochemical criteria for evaluating "typical chernozems – cereals and vegetables" systems. A system of biogeochemical parameters and quality criteria of plant products containing two components has been developed. The first component is the spatial differentiation of natural and agro-technological features of agrolandscapes (systems of rocks-typical chernozems-cultures), which highlight the prevalence of nutrients in bedrock, particle size distribution of typical chernozems and the ratio of their prevalence within the administrative regions of Ukraine. There are 12 groups of agricultural landscapes that differ in these features. A set of biogeochemical parameters for the distribution of essential elements in the components of the agricultural landscape, criteria for their ecological balance and impact on the quality of agricultural raw materials.Implementation of the proposed criteria for the quality of agricultural products was carried out on the territories of two agrolandscapes of typical chernozems in the Kyiv and Poltava regions.It was established that the physico-chemical balance of Zn, Cu and excess Mo in the rocks and soils of the agro-landscape of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe is not consistent with biogeochemical deficiency of copper and, in part, zinc in cereals (oats). The physico-chemical balance of Zn, Cu in the soils of the agro-landscape of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe does not agree with the biogeochemical deficiency of zinc in vegetable crops (potatoes, carrots, and beets). On the basis of the biogeochemical criteria for the distribution of Zn, Cu, Mo in agricultural landscapes, the proposed territorial measures to improve the quality of grain and vegetable products to prevent copper and zinc "hidden hunger" in the population.

Metody ocen ekologicznych i ekonomicznych technologii

Kowalski Z., Makara A.

Chemik

2010

Vol. 64, nr 3

158-167

Kompleksowa ocena procesu produkcyjnego powinna obejmować przede wszystkim analizę procesu technologicznego, bilans strumieni surowców i materiałów pomocniczych, aparaty i urządzenia oraz bilans wytwarzanych i emitowanych odpadów. Ważnym etapem oceny jest identyfikacja potencjalnych źródeł powstawania odpadów.

A comprehensive assessment of the manufacturing process should mainly include the study of technological process, balance of flows of raw materials and auxiliary materials, apparatus and equipment, and the balance of generated and emitted wastes. An important stage of assessment is to identify the potential sources of wastes.