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New Material Nanocomposite Thermoplastic Elastomer with Low Cost Hybrid Filler Oil Palm Boiler Ash/Carbon Black

Frida Erna, Bukit Nurdin, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Bukit Ferry Rahmat Astianta, Bukit Bunga Fisikanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

302--308

EN

This study aimed to prepare thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites with Low-Cost Hybrid Filler Oil Palm Boiler Ash/Carbon Black as New Material. Hybrid filler composites promise to overcome the limitations of composites. The effects offered by the matrix and filler are responsible for improving the properties of the composite. The preparation of thermoplastic elastomer was carried out in two stages. The first stage involves mixing a rubber compound with filler. The second stage is blending the compound, HDPE, and PE-g-MA using an Internal Mixer. The results show that the peak intensity increased along with the amount of OPBA in TPE. The increase in peak intensity was caused by the rise in the number of crystalline phases in the nanocomposite. In general, the absorption bands are almost the same. The samples analyzed showed absorption band vibrations (Si-O-Si), in-plane strain vibrations (Si-OH), and symmetric strain vibrations (Si-O-Si), C―H deformation, –CH symmetrical stretching of the CH2 group appeared on each sample that FTIR has analyzed. Thermoplastics show good interaction between filler and matrix, so it can be assumed that these interactions can improve the mechanical properties of TPE. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) shows an increase in the number of peaks in the sample with 60/40 phr filler.

2

Effect of Hybrid Filler Oil Palm Boiler Ash – Bentonite on Thermal Characteristics of Natural Rubber Compounds

Frida Erna, Bukit Nurdin, Bukit Ferry Rahmat Astianta, Bukit Bunga Fisikanta

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

205--213

EN

The concept of hybrid fillers by combining several types of fillers, especially with the inclusion of nanoscale filler particles, has attracted the attention of many researchers. The addition of filler to the rubber compound can improve the thermal properties. This study aims to analyze the effect of filler hybrid oil palm boiler ash (OPBA) –bentonite on thermal characteristics natural rubber compounds. The coprecipitation method was used in preparing OPBA, and CTAB surfactant was added in bentonite preparation. Meanwhile, compound preparation was carried out by inserting SIR 20 into an open mill machine. Characterization was done by XRD, FTIR, SEM, mechanical and thermal properties. In general, the compounds did not show a change in peak position. Peaks of 2Ө = 44° and 64°. Bonds at 2849–2917 cm-1 were associated with asymmetric methyl stretching vibrations. The peaks of 1000–650 cm-1 showed C = C-H bending. The compound morphology shows torn lines with branching. Furthermore, in general, the mechanical properties of the compound increased with the addition of OPBA/bentonite filler. Differential Scanning Calorimetry compound data showed an increase in the number of peaks in the sample with 10 wt% filler.

3

Effects of partial Co replacement by Fe in Sr0.775Y0.225CoO3-δ on its magnetic property, oxygen deficiency and crystal structure

Sutjahja I. M., Berthalita F., Mustaqima M., Nugroho A. A., Tjia M. O.

Materials Science Poland

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2015

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Vol. 33, No. 3

579--587

EN

A study has been conducted on the effects of partial, 10 % Co substitution by Fe in the perovskite Sr0.775Y0.225CoO3-δ compound. The XRD data show that the resulted samples of Fe-free and Fe-doped compounds exhibit good 314 single phase quality with a tetragonal I4/mmm crystal structure. The measured M-T curves display the typical feature of ferromagnetic (FM) transition at 335 K for the Fe-free sample, while showing significantly degraded FM ordering for the 10 % Fe-doped sample. The oxygen deficiency determined from our 10 % Fe doped sample is found to decrease by only 0.025. Further detailed analysis of the XRD data also reveals distinctly different structural changes in the Co–O slabs compared to the 50 % Fe-doped sample which exhibits a complete suppression of FM order. The results of this study, thus, have revealed the close relations among the changes induced by Fe doping in the magnetic ordering of crystal, and its oxygen content as well as the associated local structure in the Co–O layers responsible for the magnetic properties in the compound.

4

Zastosowanie techniki dozymetrii pasywnej do pomiaru wielkości strumienia emisji różnego typu składników z materiałów sezonowanych w miniaturowych komorach emisyjnych

Marć M., Zabiegała B., Namieśnik J.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2012

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nr 4

4--8

PL

Prowadzenie badań związanych z określeniem wielkości strumienia emisji związków chemicznych z materiałów budowlanych, konstrukcyjnych oraz elementów wyposażenia (in-situ), z wykorzystaniem opisanych w artykule miniaturowych pasywnych komór emisyjnych, może w znacznym stopniu wpłynąć na poprawę jakości powietrza wewnętrznego.

5

Romanian rural architecture - diversity of homesteads

Bardzińska-Bonenberg T.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2009

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Vol. 2, no. 4

11-17

EN

Aim of this paper is to present basic types of Romanian rural architecture and show it as a continuation of tradition of timber architecture of neighbouring countries. Geographic, topographic and historical situation of Romania had immense influence on the shape of Romanian vernacular wooden architecture. The paper is based upon research in the two largest Romanian open air museums in Bucharest and Sibiu representing full scope of the country’s rural architecture. The paper concentrates on the most characteristic ethnic groups that created spatial identity of their homesteads and houses.

PL

Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie podstawowych typów rumuńskiej drewnianej, ludowej architektury i zwrócenie uwagi na jej związek z budownictwem sąsiednich krajów. Sytuacja geograficzna, topograficzna i historyczna Rumunii miała przemożny wpływ na kształt rumuńskiej architektury wernakularnej. Praca oparta jest o badania prowadzone w dwóch skansenach: w Bukareszcie i Sibiu, które dają przegląd wiejskiej architektury oraz na dostępnej literaturze przedmiotu. Praca koncentruje się na najbardziej rozpoznawalnych grupach etnicznych, których tradycja budowlana jest czytelna w sposobie wznoszenia budowli i kształcie wiejskich gospodarstw.

6

Susceptibility of Deinked Waste Paper Mass to Peroxide Bleaching

Kopania E., Stupińska H., Palenik J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2008

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Vol. 16, no. 4 (69)

112--116

EN

Secondary fibres are valuable feedstock for the paper industry, constituting about one third of the total amount of raw materials used, which is due to favourable prices, when compared to primary fibrous pulp, and as a result of waste paper recycling promotion in many European countries. The bleaching of waste paper mass is economically important and technically quite complicated since mechanical pulp of varying compositions are processed. The results presented of trials performed show how the effect of hydrogen peroxide can be enhanced by employing proper activators and other peroxy compounds like peracetic acid in the bleaching of deinked pulp (DIP) from mixed office waste (MOW). The bleaching action of the hydrogen peroxide and other peroxy compounds was intensified under the shield of stabilisers and adequate process conditions preventing excessive decomposition of the peroxide and deterioration of useful properties of the bleached waste paper pulp. The use of hydrogen peroxide and peroxide derivatives in the bleaching of MOW resulted in an effective brightness increase by several percent.

PL

Włókna wtórne są niezastąpionym surowcem dla przemysłu papierniczego, i stanowią 33% całkowitej ilości zużywanych surowców włóknistych, z powodu korzystnej ceny w porównaniu z pierwotnymi rynkowymi masami włóknistymi oraz w wyniku promocji recyklingu makulatury w wielu krajach europejskich. Bielenie mas makulaturowych jest procesem ważnym z punktu widzenia handlowego ale skomplikowanym, ze względu na zawawartość włóknien mas mechanicznych o zmiennej ilości i składzie chemicznym. Wyniki prób pokazały sposoby zwiększenia efektywności działania nadtlenku wodoru poprzez zastosowanie odpowiednich jego aktywatorów, związków nadtlenowych, jak np. kwas nadoctowy Pa, w bieleniu odbarwionych mas z makulatury typu „Mixed Office Waste”. Działanie bielące nadtlenku wodoru oraz innych środków nadtlenowych intensyfikowano pod osłoną odpowiednich stabilizatorów oraz warunków prowadzenia procesu, zapobiegających nadmiernemu rozkładowi nadtlenku i obniżeniu właściwości użytkowych bielonej masy. Zastosowanie nadtlenku wodoru i jego pochodnych w bieleniu masy makulaturowej pozwoliło w efektywny sposób podnieść jej białość o kilka punktów procentowych.

7

Structure types formed in the Ln-Al-{Si, Ge} systems.

Melnyk I., Pikus S., Kuprysyuk V., Semuso N., Gladyshevskii R.

Archives of Materials Science

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2005

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Vol. 26, nr 4

279-301

EN

This paper reviews the different structure types observed for alumosilicides and alumogermanides of rare earth metals. The analysis is based mainly on the coordination polyhedra around the atoms of the smallest size and on the stacking of segments cut from simple structure types. The 24 different structure types in which the 145 known rare-earth alumosilicides and alumogermanides can be crystallized are described in detail.

8

Ciecze jonowe : związki na miarę XXI wieku

Pernak J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2003

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T. 82, nr 8-9

521-524

9

Abatement of chromate and phosphate from wastewater

Kowalski Z., Konopka M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2001

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Vol. 3, nr 2

8-10

EN

This work presents the results of the model research on treatment of the wastewater which contains both chromate and phosphate ions. Co-removing of the phosphate and chromate ions from the wastewater was realised with the method of reduction of Cr exp.6+ with iron (II) salts and precipitation as chromium hydroxide. It is possible to decrease the CrO4 exp.2 and PO4 exp2 concentration to a level below 0.01 ppm. The solid phase (filter cake) contained quantitatively precipitated ions of trivalent metals and phosphate and partially precipitated sulphate and calcium ions.