Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Melt-cast Energetic Matrices with 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole Derivatives for Composite Explosives

Komarova Marina, Vakutin Aleksey, Kazutin Maxim, Kozyrev Nikolai, Sukhanov Gennady

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

|

2020

|

Vol. 17, no. 3

344--361

EN

Safety requirements for the manufacture, use and storage of high-energy materials and explosive substances necessitate a search for new insensitive components of fusible energetic matrices (propellant matrices) in order to completely or partially replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and their melt-casts with TNT may be proposed as such replacements. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to characterize the thermal behaviour of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 1-ethoxymethyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, t-butyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and their melt-casts with TNT. This study showed that 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and its melt-casts with TNT was the best for explosive systems based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-1,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) and guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN). The present article also presents data for the mechanical sensitivity of these explosives and their calculated detonation characteristics. The composite explosive based on HMX with 1-methyl-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole has a calculated detonation velocity the same as HMX with TNT, but the sensitivity of HMX/TNT is 1.3-1.7 times higher.

2

Studies of Confined Explosions of Composite Explosives and Layered Charges

Maiz L., Trzciński W. A., Szala M., Paszula J., Karczewski K.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

|

2016

|

Vol. 13, no. 4

957--977

EN

In the present work, the confined explosions of cylindrical homogeneous and layered charges composed of two different types of macroscopic granular multi-component RDX-based composites were investigated. These composites were obtained by the so-called “wet slurry method”. For comparison, charges consisting of simple mixtures instead of the composites, TNT and phlegmatized RDX (RDXph) were also studied. The effect of the following parameters: the structure of the macroscopic granular composite, the type of charge (cylindrical pressed material or layered with an RDXph core), oxygen availability (air or argon atmosphere) and the aluminium particle size, on the quasi-static pressure (QSP) measured inside a 150 dm3 explosion chamber was determined. Solid post-detonation residues from inside the explosion chamber were also collected and analyzed. A combination of all of these results enabled very important conclusions about aluminium combustion and behaviour during the explosion of composite and layered charges, to be drawn.

3

Wpływ reaktywności glinu na parametry detonacyjne mieszanin wybuchowych zawierających pył aluminiowy (MW-Al)

Maranda A.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2001

|

[Z] 55, 3-4

353--375

EN

The earliest explosive mixtures containing aluminium powder were patented at the beginning of the 20th century. Since then, aluminium has been used in lots of successively worked up explosives designed both for commercial and military applications. It is considered that aluminium powder is an energising and sensitizing component. Howewer, the behaviour of aluminium in detonation is not well understood despite the long history of it use in explosives. Depending on dominant theories in related sciences, researchers have proposed different hypothesis describing participation of aluminium in chemical reactions in detonation waves. In this work, some published data concerning the influence of aluminium additive on detonation velocity and composition of solid detonation products are analysed. According to classification of aluminised explosives proposed in Ref. [5], we divided the mixtures examined into high explosives sensitised composite explosives (CX-Al-1) and mixtures including crystalline oxidisers that have only slightly marked explosive properties (CX-Al-2). For instant, some results of detonation velocity maesurements for the first group are presented in Figs 1(4 and in Tables 1 and 2. They show the influence of amount of aluminium and its finenes on detonation velocity of composite explosives containing RDX, HMX, TNT or PETN. The composition of solid detonation products of CX-Al-1 explosives was the subject of researches in Ref. [18(25] and their results were the base for estimation of the degree of aluminium oxidation in detonations, Ref. [20, 22, 25]. Some of results are also analysed in this work. Figs 7 and 8 as well as Table 4 contain values of detonation velocity for explosive from the second group - CX-Al-2. The explosives included ammonium nitrate, guanidine nitrate or ammonium perchlorate as oxidisers. On the base of the overview, a hypothetical mechanism of detonation of aluminised composite explosives is proposed. In our opinion, the effectiveness of aluminium oxidation is affected by properties of the main ingredient of an explosive.