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Deposition time and annealing effects on morphological and optical properties of ZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

Chabou N., Birouk B., Aida M. S., Raskin J. P.

Materials Science Poland

2019

Vol. 37, No. 3

404--416

Nanocrystalline zinc sulfide thin films were prepared on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition method using aqueous solutions of zinc chloride, thiourea ammonium hydroxide along with non-toxic complexing agent trisodium citrate in alkaline medium at 80 °C. The effect of deposition time and annealing on the properties of ZnS thin films was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, optical transmittance spectroscopy and four-point probe method. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the samples exhibited cubic sphalerite structure with preferential orientation along 〈2 0 0〉 direction. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed uniform surface coverage, UV-Vis (300 nm to 800 nm) spectrophotometric measurements showed transparency of the films (transmittance ranging from 69 % to 81 %), with a direct allowed energy band gap in the range of 3.87 eV to 4.03 eV. After thermal annealing at 500 °C for 120 min, the transmittance increased up to 87 %. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the deposited films increased with increasing of the deposition time from 0.35 × 10−4 Ω·cm−1 to 2.7 × 10−4 Ω·cm−1.

Green solution for cotton scouring

Stanescu M. D., Dochia M., Radu D., Sirghie C.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2010

Vol. 18, no. 3 (80)

109--111

The classical procedure for cotton scouring generates pollution due to the chemical reagents used for pectin destruction. Up to now a number of solutions using enzymes as catalysts for pectin degradation have been proposed. The use of chemicals like ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA), which are known as toxic, makes processes of bio-scouring unecological. We studied the possibility of replacing EDTA with a biodegradable compound, namely sodium.

Klasyczny proces prania bawełny powoduje chemiczne zanieczyszczenie środowiska z powodu związków użytych do zmywania pektyn. Jak dotychczas proponowano do zmycia pektyn różnego rodzaju roztwory zawierające enzymy oraz katalizatory. Stosowanie związków takich jak kwas etylenodiaminotetraoctowy znanych jako toksyny powoduje, że proces prania jest nieekologiczny. Badaliśmy możliwość prania z zastosowaniem biodegradowalnego cytrynianu sodu. Badano również zastosowanie ultradźwięków dla polepszenia procesu bio-prania.