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PL
W artykule omówiono zagrożenia wynikające z istnienia na obiekcie konstrukcji żelbetowych i taśmy uziemiającej. Przedstawiono problem występowania ogniw korozyjnych, mających wpływ na poprawne działanie ochrony katodowej chronionego obiektu. Ponadto omówiono sposoby koordynacji ochrony katodowej z ochroną przeciwporażeniową i ochroną odgromową. Pokrótce przedstawiono rozwiązania instalacji ochrony katodowej na obiektach złożonych.
EN
This article discusses the dangers arising from the existence of reinforced concrete structures and earthing tapes on the site. The problem of the occurrence of corrosive cells affecting the proper operation of the cathodic protection of the protected object is presented. In addition, methods of coordinating cathodic protection with shock protection and lightning protection are discussed. The solutions for cathodic protection installation on complex objects are briefly presented.
2
Content available remote Complex Object-Based Multidimensional Modeling and Cube Construction
EN
This paper presents a multidimensional model and a language to construct cubes for the purpose of on-line analytical processing. Both the multidimensional model and the cube model are based on the concept of complex object which models complex entities of real world. The multidimensional model is presented at two layers: the class diagram layer and the package layer. Both layers are used by a projection operation that aims at extracting cubes: at the package diagram layer, the projection dynamically assigns the roles of fact and dimensions to the complex objects of the multidimensional model whereas at the class diagram layer, it allows designing the measures. We also provide operations that optimize the construction of new cubes by using existing ones. The set of operations for cube construction are expressed by formal operators, thus forming a language. To show the feasibility of our multidimensional model and operators, we present implementation details of a real case study.
3
Content available remote Spatio-Temporal Approximate Reasoning over Complex Objects
EN
We discuss the problems of spatio-temporal reasoning in the context of hierarchical information maps and approximate reasoning networks (AR networks). Hierarchical information maps are used for representations of domain knowledge about objects, their parts, and their dynamical changes. AR networks are patterns constructed over sensory measurements and they are discovered from hierarchical information maps and experimental data. They make it possible to approximate domain knowledge, i.e., complex spatio-temporal concepts and reasonings represented in hierarchical information maps. Experiments with classifiers based on AR schemes using a road traffic simulator are also briefly presented.
4
Content available remote Complex Patterns
EN
We outline some results of our current research on developing a methodology for solving problems of spatio-temporal reasoning. We consider classifiers for complex concepts in spatio-temporal reasoning that are constructed hierarchically. We emphasise the fact that the construction of such hierarchical classifiers should be supported by domain knowledge. Approximate reasoning networks (AR networks) are proposed for approximation of reasoning schemes expressed in natural language. Such reasoning schemes are extracted from knowledge bases representing domain knowledge. This approach makes it possible to induce classifiers for complex concepts by constructing them along schemes of reasoning extracted from domain knowledge.
5
Content available remote Powerdomain of paths for representing object structures
EN
A new method for viewing and manipulating identity-based object structures is proposed. The method is founded on the viewing the object structure as an object graph which in turn is represented as a set of paths. Over a power set of paths we construct a powerdomain which forms a lattice with well-defined meet and join operations. In our construction of the powerdomain of paths we combine the Hoare ordering (appropriate foe ordering of tuple objects) with the Smyth ordering (appropriate for ordering of set objects) into a new ordering appropriate for set of paths capturing information conveyed by both tuple and set objects. The approach allows to deal with incomplete tuple objects as well as with partially described sets. The goal of the powerdomain construction is to provide a semantic domain for a path calculus language, where path calculus variables range over paths and path calculus queries give sets of paths as their answers.
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