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1

Types of weather at selected meteorological stations in Sri Lanka

Dobrowolska K.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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2014

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Vol. 3, iss. 1

100--111

EN

The paper aims to present the structure of weather types at two meteorological stations Galle and Nuwara Eliya (Sri Lanka). The weather type is determined as a generalized characteristic of the weather by features and gradation of selected meteorological elements. All available data on daily average, maximum and minimum air temperature, the average daily total cloud amount and the daily precipitation amount come from OGIMET database and have been used to designate weather types. The analysis was performed for the period April 2002 - March 2012. The weather types were designated based on the modified A. Woś (2010) classification of weather types. The frequency of groups, subgroups, classes, and types of weather were determined. Additionally, determined frequency of sequences of days with the same weather type. The analysis allows to conclude, that the structure of weather types at both stations was poorly differentiated. There were very stable weather conditions. In Galle, the most frequent was very warm, partly cloudy weather, without precipitation (920) and in Nuwara Eliya warm, partly cloudy weather without precipitation (820).

2

Structure of the states of weather in Świnoujście in decades 1971–1980 and 2001–2010

Ferdynus J.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2012

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nr 32 (104) z. 2

24-28

EN

Comprehensive climatology allows to specify not only the structure of the weather conditions, meaning the frequency of particular individuals, but also frequency of “favorable” or “unfavorable” weather, for example, for shipping and port operation. Comparison of “favorable” or “unfavorable” frequency of the weather types in Świnoujście have revealed that in the first decade of the twenty-first century, there was less of the latter than in the years 1971–1980. “Unfavorable” weather are primarily associated with the influx of air masses from northern and eastern sector, although there are among them also the western sector.

3

Struktura typów pogody w rejonie Bellsundu (W Spitsbergen) w lipcu i sierpniu

Gluza A., Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2012

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nr 22

35-42

PL

W pracy przedstawiono strukturę stanów pogody według klasyfikacji J. Ferdynusa opracowaną dla Calypsobyen w rejonie Bellsundu. Dane pomiarowe pochodzą z sezonów letnich pięciu wypraw UMCS na Spitsbergen z lat 2006-2009 i 2011. Do analizy wykorzystano dane z okresu od 1 lipca do 31 sierpnia. Łącznie przeanalizowano dane z 310 dni (po 62 dni z każdego roku). Przeprowadzona analiza wykazuje, że rejon Bell-sundu cechuje się w sezonie letnim względną jednorodnością grup pogód. Wystąpiły tylko 2 grupy oraz 6 podgrup. W pięciu badanych sezonach wystąpiło tylko 10 wspólnych typów pogód.

EN

Region of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (western coast of Spitsbergen) has been the subject of a complex study carried out by the participants of Geographical Expeditions by the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin for more than 25 years. The research into the meteorological conditions was initiated in 1986. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a.s.l., at a distance of 200 m from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. Dry lichen-moss tundra forms substrate of the station. This paper is trying to define the structure of weather states described by J. Ferdynus in the region of Calypsobyen. For this analysis there have been chosen four meteorological elements: air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation and wind. Material used in this paper has been taken from summer seasons (July and August) of 2006-2009 and 2011. We used meteorological data from the 1st of July to 31st of August from each year – total 310 days. Those seasons were classified into groups, subgroups, types of weather and their frequency. Bellsund region is characterized by relatively homogeneous frequencies of occurring weather groups. In analyzed period there have been noticed only 2 weather groups – T7 and T8 and 6 subgroups – 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83. In summer seasons 2006-2009 and 2011mostly often noticed weather types were 7301 (15.2%) and 7312 (10.3%).

4

Struktura typów pogody w rejonie Bellsundu (W Spitsbergen) w sezonach letnich

Gluza A., Siwek K.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2007

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nr 17

113-120

PL

W pracy przedstawiono strukturę stanów pogody według klasyfikacji J. Ferdynusa opracowaną dla Calypsobyen w rejonie Bellsundu. Dane pomiarowe pochodzą z sezonów letnich czterech Wypraw UMCS na Spitsbergen w latach 2001, 2002, 2005 i 2006. Długość serii pomiarowych w poszczególnych latach była związana z terminami rozpoczęcia i zakończenia wypraw. Ponieważ pomiary wykonywane były w różnych terminach (między pierwszą dekadą lipca a pierwszą dekadą września) do analizy wykorzystano dane z okresu wspólnego tj. od 15 lipca do 24 sierpnia. Łącznie przeanalizowano dane z 164 dni (po 41 dni z każdego roku).

EN

Region of Wedel Jarlsberg Land (western coast of Spitsbergen) has been the subject of a complex study carried out by the participants of Geographical Expeditions by the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin for more than 20 years. The research into the meteorological conditions was initiated in 1986. The station was located on Calypsostranda, a flat sea terrace, at the height of about 23 m a.s.l., at a distance of 200 m. from Bellsund Fjord and 2 km from the Scott Glacier. The substratum was made of dry lichen-moss tundra. This work is trying to define the structure of weather states described by J. Ferdynus in the region of Calypsobyen. For this analysis there have been chosen four meteorological elements: air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation and wind. The material used in this paper was taken from summer seasons from the years 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006. We used meteorological data from the 15th of July to 24th of August from each year – together 164 days. Those seasons were classified into groups, subgroups, types of weather and their frequency. Bellsund region is characterized by relatively homogeneous frequencies of occurring weather groups. In analyzed period there have been noticed only 2 weather groups – T7 and T8 and 5 subgroups – 72, 73, 81, 82, 83. In summer seasons 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006 mostly often noticed weather types were 8301 (21.3%) and 7311 (9.8%).

5

Charakterystyczne dla Hornsundu typy pogody a cyrkulacja atmosfery

Ferdynus J.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2007

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nr 17

105-111

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zależności statystyczne pomiędzy frekwencją „charakterystycznych typów pogód” a wskaźnikami cyrkulacji Niedźwiedzia. Za „pogody charakterystyczne” uznano te, które w średniej rocznej strukturze stanów pogód pojawiają się rokrocznie oraz te które obserwuje w średniej wieloletniej strukturze każdego miesiąca. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazuje, że związki między frekwencją „charakterystycznych typów pogody”, a wskaźnikami cyrkulacji atmosferycznej są stosunkowo słabe.

EN

In this work there is presented statistical dependence between characteristic types of weather and Niedźwiedź’s circulation index (as characteristic weather was taken that when in average yearly weather condition structure the specific weather appears every year and the weather that can be observed in multi-yearly structure of each month). The analysis shows that relationship between frequency of „characteristic types of weather” and atmosphere circulation coefficients are relatively weak. Therefore it can be stated that circulation factor has little influence on the origin of specific types of weather. The origin of specific types of weather should be examined along with other factors, for example ice melting in the area of Spitsbergen. 111

6

Pogody przymrozkowo-odwilżowe w rocznej strukturze stanów pogód Hornsundu (SW Spitsbergen) w latach 1980-2005

Ferdynus J.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2006

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nr 16

115-123

PL

W pracy przedstawiono rolę pogód przejściowych, przymrozkowo-odwliżowych w rocznej strukturze stanów pogód w Hornsundzie. Pogody przejściowe, to te które związane są z przejściem temperatury powietrza przez 0°C w trakcie doby. Opracowanie wykonano w oparciu o dane opublikowane w rocznikach meteorologicznych wydanych przez IMGW w Gdyni i Instytut Geofizyki PAN.

EN

This work is trying to define the function of transitional, frosty-thaw weathers in the region of Polish Polar Station IG PAN in Hornsund. The material used was the data Publisher in the meteorological yearbooks by IMGW (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) in Gdynia and Instytut Geofizyki PAN (Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy Science). They are the standard data of the sea-sonal observations. The data collection is not complete since there are the data from 1981/82 (from July 1981 to June 1982) and June and July1982. In Hornsund the transitional, frosty-thaw weathers can be observed during the year. These weathers are characterized by the fact that the mean daily temperature is higher or lower than 0°C and the mini-mum temperature is lower and maximum daily temperature is higher than 0°C. Conditions allowing the air to pass through 0°C and causing transitional frosty-thaw type of weather is transfering atmospheric fronts of air or advection of air masses. Dislocation of atmospheric fronts and advection of air masses permit temperatures to pass trough 0°C. The region of Polish Polar Sta-tion IG PAN in Hornsund is particularly predisposed to these types of weathers due to the intensive cyclonic activity.

7

Sezony pogodowe w Hornsundzie (SW Spitsberegen) w latach 1980-2003

Ferdynus J.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2005

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nr 15

83-90

PL

W pracy przestawiono charakterystykę sezonów pogodowych wydzielonych przy wykorzystaniu metody dendrytu wrocławskiego. Opracowanie wykonano w oparciu o dane opublikowane w rocznikach meteorologicznych wydanych przez IMGW w Gdyni (1980-2000) i Instytut Geofizyki PAN (2000-2003). W Hornsundzie notuje się cztery sezony pogodowe (zima, wiosna, lato i jesień) o zróżnicowanym czasie trwania i o specyficznej strukturze pogód (frekwencja grup, podgrup, klas i typów). Daty ich początków i końców nie pozostają w ściślejszym związku z astronomicznymi porami roku.

EN

Climatic seasons are understood as periods of the time comprising sometimes several months characterized by some definite homogeneity of climatic conditions. Quantity and frequency analysis of types of weather in Hornsund shows that succeeding decades of year are differentiated in a diversified degree. There also exist decades of similar features. The Wroclav dendrite method was applied to distinguish the groups of decades which are characterized by the definite weather homogeneity. If enabled the classification into 4 climatic season according to homogeneity of quantity and frequency of weather types. Each season is characterized by different period of duration and specific weather structure. The distinguished weather seasons are characterized by a right degree of weather conditions contrasts. The most differentiated is the structure of winter weather which indicates that this is the most dynamic period of the weather types appearance. The summer structure is the most homogenous when two weather types comprise on average 30% of time of the season duration. Transitional seasons (spring and autumn) have a similar structure of weather states, the autumn season is colder and less cloudy than the spring season. Both seasons are characterized by the remarkable amount of transitional weathers, frost - thaw types. The distinguished seasons do not belong to thermal or astronomic seasons of the year. The peculiarity of these seasons is their different time of beginning in relation to the sun (solar) energy supplied. Winter and autumn in Hornsund start clearly earlier than their calendar equivalents, spring and summer are delayed.

8

Cyrkulacyjne uwarunkowania występowania typów pogody w Hornsundzie w latach 1991-2000

Malik P.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

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2005

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nr 15

91-102

PL

Omówiono zależności elementów meteorologicznych od cyrkulacji atmosferycznej w ujęciu klimatologii kompleksowej. Do tego celu wykorzystano dane z Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie z lat 1991-2000 oraz uproszczony kalendarz typów cyrkulacji dla Spitsbergenu. Najczęściej występujące cyklonalne masy powietrza ze wschodu i południowego wschodu odpowiadały za najwyższą frekwencję dni ciepłych z silnym wiatrem i opadem. Wpływ oceanu przejawiał się znacznymi frekwencjami pogód ciepłych z wysoką wilgotnością i opadem przy cyrkulacji cyklonalnej z południa i południowego zachodu.

EN

This paper describes influence of air masses advection on meteorological elements in Hornsund (SW Spitsbergen) from 1991 to 2000. Air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and precipitation occurrence were considered. First three variables were classified as a system of three classes. First class consists of elements below 25% percentile (under normal), third contains values above 75% percentile (above normal). Second class contains values between first and third threshold values (normal). Precipitation was classified using two-class system which describes if it occurs or not. All statistics are presented for three periods. First for all, for year term, next for polar day (24th April to 18th September) and in the end for polar night (31st October to 11th February). Reduced classification of circulation types by Niedźwiedź (2004) was used as a circulation index. Warm days (3WFR) with strong wind (T3FR) and precipitation occurrence (TWF1) exhibited the highest frequency in cyclonic E+SE situation for whole year period. High humidity (TW3R) dominated with cyclonic circulation from S+SW. Cold weather (1WFR) with low humidity (TW1R) was characteristic for N+NE advection, both cyclonic and anticyclonic. Central high situation (Ca+Ka) and also cyclonic advection from N+NE were typical for days with weak wind (T1FR) and no precipitation (TWF0). During polar day warm days (3WFR) had the highest occurrence in cyclonic advection from E+SE and S+SW. The highest frequency of strong wind days was noted with advection from E+SE, in both kind of air masses. High humidity (TW3R) weather was formed under the influence of cyclonic oceanic air masses from S+SW. Precipitation occurrence (TWF1) was mostly connected with situation Cc+Bc but in S+SWc situation accounted for almost 100% days. Cold days (1WFR) with weak wind (T1FR), low humidity (TW1R) and without precipitation were characteristic for situation with the highest frequency during polar day (Ca+Ka). During polar night warm days (3WFR) with high humidity (TW3R) had the highest frequency in cyclonic S+SW advection. Situation E+SEc was typical for days with strong wind (T3FR) and precipitation (TWF1). There weren't any days without precipitation occurrence at S+SWc advection. Cold days (1WFR) with weak wind (T1FR), low humidity (TW1R) and without precipitation were determined with the lowest frequency by cyclonic advection from N+NE.