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Public participation as an element of a mineral deposit safeguarding system – international experiences

Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja, Simić Vladimir, Tost Michael, Wårell Linda

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2022

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T. 38, z. 4

5--28

EN

Every social group exhibits a need to make decisions that are binding for all its members and the participation of various interest groups in decision-making today is an integral part of modern political and legal thought as well as administrative processes. Recently, increased community engagement and greater awareness of the society with regard to the possibility of influencing the development on a microregion (commune) scale have also been observed. This often translates into problems in obtaining a social license for a given project, which is particularly visible in mining activities. However, obtaining such a license requires the involvement and awareness of many stakeholder groups on which a project will have a direct impact. It should be ensured that this engagement takes place at a very early stage of a given project. In the case of mining activity, which is possible only after obtaining appropriate licenses (exploration or exploitation), this involvement takes the form of public consultation. This is due to the legal conditions presented in the following article for 3 EU countries (Poland, Austria, Sweden) and Serbia. The analysis showed that participation is mainly at the level of consultation in all countries and is an important element of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure of the mining project, which is an important stage in obtaining a mining (less frequently exploration) license. Public consultations at the stage of spatial planning are also present and have a diverse scope. However, special attention should be paid to these as they are crucial for proper mineral deposit safeguarding. Stakeholders’ awareness of planning decisions taken by local authorities can be crucial for the fast path to obtaining both formal and informal concessions, which takes the form of social license to operate (SLO).

PL

Każda grupa społeczna przejawia potrzebę podejmowania decyzji, które są wiążące dla wszystkich jej członków, a udział różnych grup interesariuszy w podejmowaniu decyzji jest dziś integralną częścią nowoczesnej myśli politycznej i prawnej, jak również procesów administracyjnych. W ostatnim czasie obserwowane jest również zwiększone zaangażowanie społeczne i większa świadomość społeczeństwa co do możliwości wpływania na rozwój w skali mikroregionu (gminy). Niejednokrotnie przekłada się to na problemy w uzyskaniu społecznej licencji na dany projekt, co jest szczególnie widoczne w działalności górniczej. Uzyskanie takiej licencji wymaga zaangażowania oraz świadomości wielu grup interesariuszy, na których dany projekt będzie bezpośrednio oddziaływał. Należy zadbać, aby to zaangażowanie odbyło się już na bardzo wczesnym etapie danego projektu. W przypadku działalności górniczej, która możliwa jest tylko po uzyskaniu właściwych koncesji (poszukiwawczych lub wydobywczych), to zaangażowanie przybiera formę konsultacji społecznych. Wynika to z uwarunkowań prawnych, które w poniższym artykule przedstawione zostały dla trzech krajów UE (Polska, Austria, Szwecja) oraz Serbii. Konsultacje społeczne w analizowanych krajach są ważnym elementem procedury oddziaływania na środowisko projektu górniczego, która z kolei stanowi istotny etap w uzyskaniu koncesji wydobywczej (rzadziej poszukiwawczej). Udział społeczeństwa jest zapewniony również na etapie planowania przestrzennego. Na te ostatnie należy zwrócić szczególną uwagę, gdyż one są kluczowe dla właściwej ochrony złóż kopalin. Świadomość interesariuszy co do podejmowanych przez władze lokalne decyzji planistycznych może być kluczowa dla szybkiej ścieżki uzyskania zarówno formalnej, jak i nieformalnej koncesji, która przybiera formę społecznej akceptacji.

2

Architectural Strategies that Promote Creation of Social Bonds within Eco-Neighbourhoods

Trojanowska Monika

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2021

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nr 46

195--210

EN

Modern eco-neighbourhoods are designed to implement the 3e principles: ecology – equality -economy. The ecological aspects require harmony with nature and people. The equality concept stipulates living together in the environment which stimulates individual growth and well-being. The economic aspects encompasses promotion of short-distances circular economy, securing employment for the inhabitants and limiting wasteful spending. The goal of those principles is to create the neighbourhoods, where the well-being of inhabitants is promoted. This paper discusses how the designed environment based on 3e principles can influence the creation of community engagement, social bonds and social capital.

PL

Współczesne eko-dzielnice mają realizować zasady 3e: ekologia - ekorówność - ekonomia. Aspekty ekologiczne wymagają harmonii z naturą i ludźmi. Koncepcja równości zakłada wspólne życie w środowisku, które stymuluje rozwój i dobre samopoczucie jednostki. Aspekty ekonomiczne obejmują promocję gospodarki krótkich dystansów o obiegu zamkniętym, zapewnienie miejsc pracy mieszkańcom oraz ograniczenie marnotrawstwa. Celem tych zasad jest tworzenie dzielnic w trosce o dobrobyt mieszkańców. W artykule omówiono, jak środowisko zaprojektowane w oparciu o zasady 3e może wpłynąć na tworzenie więzi społecznych i kapitału społecznego na przykładach z ekoosiedli w Europie.

3

Preliminary study of time banking participation

Sasananan Montalee, Channarong Khanothai, Kingnakhonthong Sasikanda

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2019

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

618--622

EN

Thailand will be entering full-scale aging society in 2021, when 20 % of population will be over sixty years old. This will cause significant societal changes, and it is very important that the country is prepared to deal with problems that may arise from aging society. Unfortunately substantial number of senior citizens are financially unprepared for retirement due to low financial literacy. An effective social welfare system is needed, which will require a large amount of financial support. An interesting approach to delivering social welfare is co-production which is a practice that involves public services and communities in the mutual deliveries of welfares. Time banking is an engagement practice which each member agrees to give and take credits for service. Time credits can be earned by providing services to those in need. Such system is a kind of co-production which can help build community relationship and complement social welfare system. Time banking can be applied to all generations, and it is especially suitable for aging society. This paper explores the interests in joining time banking among people living in Bangkok and vicinity. It investigates the respondents’ lifestyles, interests in joining time bank, and possible matching of interests. The results reveal existing gaps and may be used in further study for establishing time banking system.

4

Sustainability, Corporate Community Engagement and Enterprise Development – Lessons from a Case Study in Emu-Ebendo Niger-Delta, Nigeria

Ajide O. E., Strachan P. A., Russell A., Jones D. R.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2017

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Vol. 12, nr 2

59--67

EN

Corporate community engagement remains an under researched area in sustainability debates. Presenting a case study, based on in-depth interviews and site visits, of how one indigenous company Energia Ltd has formed a strong partnership or bond with the Emu-Ebendo community in the oil rich Niger Delta, the dynamics of corporate community engagement are critically discussed. Evidence of how both the company and community has benefited from this relationship is presented. The case analysis concludes that the company has effectively utilised a clearer understanding of the culture of the host community, leading to a transformational relationship. The approach adopted by Energia Ltd in the Emu-Ebendo community is unique in context. The key conclusion reached is that community benefit funds and community enterprise development, as a derivative of corporate engagement, can play a transformational role in societal and economic development.

PL

Kwestia korporacyjnego zaangażowania społecznego nie jest często podejmowana w ramach debat o rozwoju zrównoważonym. Lukę tę uzupełnia niniejsze studium przypadku, oparte na szczegółowych wywiadach i pracy w terenie. Pokazujemy, w jaki sposób kompania Energia Ltd wprowadziła zasadę partnerstwa, w wyniku której nawiązała się silna więź pomiędzy firmą a społecznością Emu-Ebendo zamieszkującą bogatą w ropę Deltę Nigru. Przedstawiono dowody, jakie korzyści odniosły zarówno kompania, jak i społeczność. Przeprowadzono analiza pokazuje, że firma efektywnie wykorzystała zasady wyznaczające ramy kultury lokalnej społeczności, co prowadziło do pozytywnych zmian odnoszących się do wzajemnej relacji. Podejście przyjęte przez Energia Ltd wobec społeczności Emu-Ebendo jest nowatorskie. Okazało się, że fundusze świadczeń społecznych i społeczny rozwój przedsiębiorstw, będące pochodną zaangażowania korporacyjnego, mogą odgrywać podstawową rolę w przemianach społecznego i ekonomicznego rozwoju.

5

Living with conflicts in Ghana's Prestea mining area: is community engagement the answer?

Adonteng-Kissi O., Adonteng-Kissi B.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2017

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Vol. 16, iss. 4

196--206

EN

Large scale mines acknowledge that their continuous existence in indigenous communities is threatened without the cooperation and support of local people. In recent times, large-scale mines have attempted to secure Social License to Operate (SLO) and ensure sustainable development (SD) by reconciling business interests with local needs and aspirations. Accomplishing local cooperation and support without threatening business interest remains a top priority for the large-scale mines. Community engagement forms part of the broader Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy initiatives which are often promoted as a way of enhancing sustainable development. This paper examines the local perceptions of the design and application of Golden Star Resources' (GSR) community engagement program. This paper contends that this community engagement model has a positive impact on conflict management regardless of age, sex, education, marital status and occupation of participants. However, presently the model remains symbolic and has not yet attain the status of a real functional strategy since many of local grievances that result in clashes are unresolved. Furthermore, it is believed that GSR's community engagement program is not adequately developed, systematic or moulded to achieve the exact or intended community relation. This paper further contends that the dominant sources and causes of conflict in Prestea is land use conflicts and environmental impact issues.

6

“We love this place”: place attachment and community engagement in urban conservation planning

Jordaan T., Puren K.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2012

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Vol. 3, no. 3

39--45

EN

Conservation planning becomes signifi cant as globalisation and rapid urbanisation challenge the preservation of historical urban sites. As an integral part of communities’ place identities, the destruction of built heritage for development challenges local identities. Protecting built environment heritages can preserve local identity. Also, a paradigm shift in conservation planning supports including local perspectives and knowledge systems for sustainable urban conservation planning and democratic participation processes. Community engagement in urban conservation planning offers town planners insight into emotional values that communities attach to built heritages for incorporation in physical planning proposals. Emotional attachments are traditionally not considered as valid constructs in public participation. However, place attachments can propel communities to constructively participate in development processes if such developments strengthen their place identity, or prompt obstruction if communities perceive developments as threats to place identity. This research aims to explore communities’ place attachment through community engagement to inform urban conservation planning proposals. An action research approach was followed to explore place attachments associated with built heritage resources in two South African communities, Khuma and Stilfontein. The research indicates that specifi cally socio-economic, natural, and aesthetic place attachments assisted the communities to envision urban conservation proposals for future built environments for Khuma and Stilfontein that will be cherished. These proposals were unique for each community due to diff erent underlying place attachments. The implication of this research is that urban conservation should acknowledge communities’ place attachments, as they can optimise the fit between communitiesand urban conservation eff orts.