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1

Evolution of shallow post-bog soils developed on Holocene carbonate sediments in NW Poland

Jarnuszewski Grzegorz, Meller Edward, Kitczak Teodor

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

99--109

EN

This research presents the characteristics and inferred evolution of post-bog soils developed in the Last Glacial Maximum area of northwestern Poland near the southern Baltic coast. The study involved a total of five sites near existing lakes in NW Poland. In total, 21 soil pits were described and sampled and 17 piezometers were installed. In soil samples chemical and physical properties were determined. During the hydrological year the water level was checked and chemical properties of water were determined, the floristic composition at each location was also carried out. Mineralisation of post-bog soils initiated by dehydration leads to the decomposition of organic surface layers and an increase in CaCO3 content as well as mineral non-lime components at the expense of organic matter. A sequence of five soil types occurs in this landscape: Sapric Histosols (Limnic), Drainic Histosols (Calcaric, Limnic), Histic Gleysols (Murshic), Umbric Gleysols (Hyperhumic), Gleyic Phaeozems (Hyperhumic) that represent individual stages of soil genesis. Differences between the chemical properties of soils are apparent between organic vs organic-mineral and mineral layers. Man-induced drainage of post-bog soils changes their physical parameters. Bulk density increase and water retention decrease. The fluctuation of groundwater determines the moisture content of post-bog soils and affects the species composition of vegetation. Chemistry of groundwater is shaped mainly by the construction of catchment and the nature of its use, however, it is modified as a result of the inflow of macronutrients released during organic matter mineralisation processes and leaching of exchangeable forms from the sorption complex.

2

Trends of change in the development of sustainable cities and communities in Poland in comparison with European Union countries

Murawska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

303--320

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to present the diversity and trends of changes taking place in cities and communities in Poland and in other European Union countries with respect of implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Design/methodology/approach: The indicators included in Eurostat, which are collected to analyse the implementation of Objective 11: Sustainable cities and communities, have been used to assess the problem. 10 indicators and 27 European Union countries were analysed. The research period was 2010-2019 and the data was statistically analysed. Variations and distances between countries, trends in the changes taking place, ranking of countries, and relationships between the analysed indicators and the scale of their changes were calculated. Findings: EU Member States (27) are significantly differentiated in terms of household living conditions, environmental conditions, and safety at home. In Poland, dwellings are overcrowded but in relatively good condition. The Polish population is more often exposed to noise and air pollution, and they are at a higher risk of dying in a traffic accident, but they are less likely to report the occurrence of crime and vandalism. The results of the study confirmed important trends towards the development of sustainable cities and communities in Poland and in other EU countries. Research limitations/implications: The study resulted in a confirmation of the hypothesis that sustainable cities and communities have developed in EU countries in the last decade. There has been an improvement in the living conditions, safety, and environment of the population, especially in those countries where 10 years ago the variables describing sustainable cities and communities were the lowest. One of the countries where sustainable development was a priority was Poland, where the dynamics of improvement of almost every indicator was higher than the EU average. Practical implications: The conclusions may be useful for managers of economic entities for making more effective decisions regarding allocation of financial resources and making investments in social and technical infrastructure or safety regarding sustainable development of cities and communities. Social implications: The paper provides useful information for city and community managers and citizens of EU countries and cities about living conditions, quality of life, and safety of inhabitants. Originality/value: The article presents the latest information regarding the conditions of cities and communities in EU countries and compares that data with indicators from previous years. The value of the article lies in identifying and recognising the significance of differences between EU countries and in verifying whether any positive changes towards sustainable development of cities and communities are occurring.

3

The analysis of the El Niño phenomenon in the East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Karuniasa Mahawan, Pambudi Priyaji Agung

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

180--185

EN

Climate change causes various events, such as El Niño , and we experience their larger frequency. This study based on a quantitative approach uses observation data from the Umbu Mehang Kunda Meteorological Station and the Ocean Niño Index (ONI). As a result, East Sumba, which has an arid climate, has more challenges in dealing with drought and water deficits during El Niño. This study identifies rainfall when the El Niño phenomenon takes place in East Sumba through data contributing to the ONI value and dry day series from 1982 to 2019. The analysis was carried out by reviewing these data descriptively and supported by previous literature studies. The research found that there was a decrease in the accumulative total rainfall in El Niño years. The annual rainfall in the last six El Niño events is lower than the annual rainfall in the first six El Niño events. The dry day series is dominated by an extreme drought (>60 days) which generally occurs from July to October. This drought clearly has a major impact on livelihoods and causes difficulties in agriculture as well as access to freshwater. This results in crop failure, food shortages, and decreased income. The phenomenon triggers price inflation in the market and potential increase in poverty, hunger, and pushes the country further away from the first and second Sustainable Development Goals. This phenomenon and problems related to it need to be dealt with by multistakeholders.

4

Relacje z interesariuszami. Wyzwania i zagrożenia dla rozwoju przedsiębiorstw

Jarosławska-Sobór S.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 123

185--195

PL

W artykule omówione zostały standardy społecznej odpowiedzialności realizowane w praktyce przez przedsiębiorstwa wrażliwe społecznie, jakimi są firmy z sektora górniczego. Dokonano analizy relacji ze społecznościami lokalnymi, jako kluczowymi interesariuszami przedsiębiorstw górniczych. Omówione zostały rodzaje aktywności przedsiębiorstwa w tym obszarze. Na wybranych przykładach przedstawiony został wpływ tych stosunków na funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstwa oraz kształtowanie stanu świadomości i rozwoju jego otoczenia. Wskazane zostały podstawowe zagrożenia w relacjach przedsiębiorstw górniczych ze społecznościami lokalnymi oraz możliwości, jakie wynikają z wykorzystania innowacyjnych form komunikacji społecznej i nowych paradygmatów zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem.

EN

In this paper practical standards in social responsibility with regard to social vulnerable business as mining sector, are being presented. An analysis of communities relations as a key mining stakeholders has been made. Mining companies activities in this scope was presented. On chosen examples were discussed influence this relations on mining business operations and its social impact. Main threats towards local communities relations has been indicated, as well as possibilities of application an innovative forms of social communication and new management paradigm.

5

The periphyton communities within municipal wastewater treatment plant

Babko R., Kuzmina T., Łagód G., Jaromin-Gleń K. M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2015

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Vol. 9, No. 1

13--17

EN

The study was undertaken to determine the composition of periphyton and its quantitative development during consecutive stages of wastewater treatment in a flow-type purification plant with the biological part serving as a modified Bardenpho system (Hajdow, Lublin, south-eastern Poland).The periphyton was sampled from the wastewater plant walls at all main stages of water purification. The following groups of organisms: algae, fungi, flagellates, testate amoeba, ciliates, rotifers, and nematodes were identified in the composition of periphyton. At the end of the purification process, the proportion of metazoa and protozoa in the periphyton of the successive chambers increased, while the abundance of flagellates declined. In all the sampling points studied, protozoa and metazoa formed the basis of the periphyton community and their proportion ranged from 75 to 95%.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano badania składu peryfitonu i jego rozwój ilościowy podczas kolejnych etapów oczyszczania ścieków w miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków Hajdów w Lublinie, której część biologiczna pracuje w technologii zmodyfikowanego systemu Bardenpho. Próbki peryfitonu pobierano z powierzchni ścian obiektów na wszystkich głównych etapach oczyszczania ścieków. W składzie peryfitonu zostały zidentyfikowane następujące grupy organizmów: glony, grzyby, wiciowce, ameby skorupkowe, orzęski, wrotki i nicienie. W kolejnych analizowanych urządzeniach zlokalizowanych w ciągu technologicznym oczyszczalni peryfiton wykazywał wzrost ilości organizmów w obrębie grup metazoa i pierwotniaków, podczas gdy liczebność wiciowców uległa zmniejszeniu. We wszystkich badanych punktach pomiarowych podstawa zbiorowisk peryfitonu utworzona była przez pierwotniaki i metazoa, ich udział wahał się od 75 do 95%.

6

Analysis of the periphyton communities at the municipal wastewater treatment plant – case study

Babko R., Kuzmina T., Łagód G., Jaromin-Gleń K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2014

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Vol. 21, nr 4

403--414

EN

There was studied the composition of periphyton and its quantitative development during different stages of wastewater treatment in the flow type purification plant with the biological part working as a modified bardenpho system (Hajdow, Lublin). The periphyton samples were taken from the walls of the object at all main stages of water purification. In the composition of periphyton there were identified the following groups of organisms: algae, fungi, flagellates, testate amoeba, ciliates, rotifers and nematodes. Towards the end of purification process in periphyton of successive chambers, the part of metazoa and protozoa has increased while the abundance of flagellates has decreased. In all of the studied sampling points, the basis of periphyton community was formed by protozoa and metazoa: their part ranged from 75 to 95 %. The periphyton structure regardless of forming conditions shows similar tendencies, determined by the general conditions of a system, in which from initial stages of the purification till its end the amount of organic matters in environment decreases.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano badania składu peryfitonu i jego rozwój ilościowy podczas kolejnych etapów oczyszczania ścieków w miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków Hajdów w Lublinie, której część biologiczna pracuje w technologii zmodyfikowanego systemu bardenpho. Próby peryfitonu pobierano z powierzchni ścian obiektów na wszystkich głównych etapach oczyszczania ścieków. W składzie peryfitonu zostały zidentyfikowane następujące grupy organizmów: glony, grzyby, wiciowce, ameby skorupkowe, orzęski, wrotki i nicienie. W kolejnych analizowanych urządzeniach zlokalizowanych w ciągu technologicznym oczyszczalni peryfiton wykazywał wzrost ilości organizmów w obrębie grup metazoa i pierwotniaków, podczas gdy liczebność wiciowców uległa zmniejszeniu. We wszystkich badanych punktach pomiarowych podstawa zbiorowisk peryfitonu utworzona była przez pierwotniaki i metazoa, ich udział wahał się od 75 do 95 %. Struktura peryfitonu badanych urządzeń wykazuje podobne tendencje, uzależnione od warunków panujących w poszczególnych urządzeniach, w którym od pierwszych etapów oczyszczania aż do jego końca ilość dostępnych substancji organicznych maleje.

7

Pasożyty jelitowe młodocianych ryb łososiowatych zlewni dolnej Odry i środkowego Niemna

Pilecka-Rapacz M., Kazlauskiene N., Kesminas V, Czerniawski R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 1

671--682

EN

Atlantic salmon died out in Poland during the 1980s. The current population was recreated with Latvian salmon and now forms part of the southern Baltic cohort. Polish sea trout and brown trout come from the home cohort, but have survived only with regular restocking. In Lithuania, all the salmonides are from the home cohort and have not been restocked. The aim of this study was to compare parasitic invasion in juvenile salmonides that come from Poland and Lithuania. The juvenile salmonides in this study came from the lower Oder River basin and from the middle of the Neman River. 153 fish were caught using electrofishing from 2004 to 2006. The salmonides in the Oder had been artificially restocked and those in the Neman were wild. 33 salmon, 58 sea trout and 24 brown trout came from small tributaries of the Oder; 22 salmon, 5 sea trout and 11 brown trout came from tributaries of the middle Neman River. The fish were either 0+, 1+, or 2+ years old. Their size was characteristic for their species at that age, which suggested that they were in good condition. Our examination found 6 species of parasites from 3 taxa: Cestoda – Cyathocephalus truncates; Nematoda – Cystidicoloides ephe¬meridarum and Raphidascaris acus; and Acanthocephala – Acantho¬cephalus lucii, A. anguillae and Metechinorhynchus truttae. We found all three taxa of parasites in all the salmonides that came from the tributaries of the Oder, but all three taxa were found only in salmon from the Neman tributaries. In sea trout and brown trout from tributaries of the Nemen River we found only Nematoda. The invasion frequency was much higher in salmonides that came from tributaries of the Oder River than in salmonides from tributaries of the Nemen River. In tributaries of the Oder River, 57.6% of the salmon, 62.1% of the sea trout, and 58.3% of the brown trout had parasites. In tributaries of the Nemen River, 27.3% of the salmon, 40% of the sea trout, and 36.4% of the brown trout had parasites. In salmonides from both rivers the most common parasites were C. ephemeridarum, M. truttae, and C. truncatus. The other species of parasites were found in very few cases. Older salmonides had greater numbers of parasites. Although the salmonides came from different rivers and had different origins, the species of parasites that they had were typical for their family. In conclusion, parasite invasion is similar in salmonides both from the lower Oder River basin and from the middle of the Neman River.

8

Zooplankton of three suburban lakes in relation to select abiotic conditions

Sługocki Ł, Czerniawski R, Domagała J, Krepski T, Pilecka-Rapacz M

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2012

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Tom 14

146--160

PL

Badania prowadzono w trzech eutroficznych jeziorach położonych w północno-zachodniej Polsce: jeziorze Adamowo, Grażyna i Klasztorne. Z każdego stanowiska pobierano próbę zooplanktonu oraz próbę wody do określenia wybranych parametrów fizyko-chemicznych. W odniesieniu do uzyskanych wyników można uznać, że pomimo takiego samego statusu troficznego badane jeziora różniły się pod względem struktur jakościowych i ilościowych zooplanktonu, na co miały wpływ różne warunki środowiskowe badanych jezior. Podobieństwo jakościowe zooplanktonu pomiędzy jeziorami nie było zbyt wysokie. W najmniejszym jeziorze obserwowano największe liczebności zooplanktonu, szczególnie małych plankterów. Pozwala to wnioskować, że im mniejsza powierzchnia jeziora tym większa jest liczebność zasiedlającego je zooplanktonu. Biomasa zooplanktonu osiągała największe wartości w największym jeziorze Adamowo, co było spowodowane licznym występowaniem dojrzałych skorupiaków planktonowych. Biorąc pod uwagę zależność pomiędzy warunkami środowiskowymi jezior a zagęszczeniem zooplanktonu, stwierdzić można że największy wpływ na kształtowanie struktur zooplanktonu mają nieorganiczne związki biogenne.

9

Analiza możliwości wykorzystania funduszy strukturalnych Unii Europejskiej dla sfinansowania inwestycji proekologicznych w gminach województwa śląskiego

Gumiński A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2006

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z. 34

73-83

PL

W ramach artykułu dokonano analizy głównych kierunków i źródeł finansowania inwestycji proekologicznych w gminach województwa śląskiego. Dokonano również oceny wykorzystania funduszy strukturalnych w działalności inwestycyjnej gmin w obszarze ochrony środowiska.

EN

In paper the author made the analysis of main directions and financing sources of ecological investments in communities of Silesian Voivodship. The assessment of making use of structural funds in communities'investment activity in the area of environmental protection was also given.

10

Torfowiska śródpolne województwa zachodniopomorskiego

Sotek Z., Stasińska M., Prajs B., Gamrat R., Łysko A.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2004

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T. 4, z. 2b

211-224

PL

Torfowiska śródpolne zwykle są położone w głębokich nieckach i ulegają eutrofizacji na skutek spływów powierzchniowych z pobliskich pól uprawnych. Zachodzące w siedliskach niekorzystne zmiany mogą prowadzić do ubożenia flory i zbiorowisk torfowiskowych. Celem podjętych badań było poznanie roślinności i flory niektórych torfowisk śródpolnych województwa zachodniopomorskiego. Badania prowadzono na ośmiu obiektach w latach 1999-2002. Flora omawianych torfowisk, pod względem socjologicznym, jest wyraźnie zróżnicowana. Najliczniej występują gatunki z klas Phragmitetea R. Tx. et Prsg 1942 i Scheuchzerio-Caricetea (Nordh. 1937) R. Tx. 1937, rzadziej natomiast gatunki łąkowe, zaliczane do klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937. Na obrzeżach torfowisk wykształcają się zwarte zarośla łozowisk Salicetum pentandro-cinereae (Almq. 1929) Pass. 1961 oraz rzadziej płaty Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Libbert 1933. Wśród stwierdzonych zbiorowisk roślinnych do najbardziej interesujących pod względem florystycznym należą m.in. Caricetum limosae Br.-Bl. 1921 i Ericetum tetralicis R.Tx. 1937. Fitocenozy te są coraz rzadziej spotykane na torfowiskach, a budujące je gatunki roślin naczyniowych, takie jak: Carex limosa L., Scheuchzeria palustris L., Erica tetralix L. i Andromeda polifolia L., w Polsce są zaliczane do osobliwości przyrodniczych. Wkraczanie gatunków szuwarowo-bagiennych i łąkowych na torfowiska, choć powoduje zwiększenie ich bioróżnorodności, świadczy o postępującym procesie eutrofizacji, co może skutkować ustępowaniem specyficznych gatunków roślin i degeneracją naturalnych zbiorowisk torfowiskowych.

EN

Peat bogs in the agricultural landscape are usually situated in deep synclines and subjected to eutrophication due to the surface washout from adjacent ploughed lands. Unfavourable changes taking place there may lead to the impoverishment of flora and peat bog communities. The aim of this work was to study the vegetation and flora of some peatlands in Western Pomeranian Province . The study was carried out in 8 selected objects in 1999-2002. The flora of the peatlands under discussion was clearly differentiated in respect to their sociology. Most frequently represented were the classes Phragmitetea R. Tx. et Prsg 1942. and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea (Nordh. 1937) R. Tx. 1937. On the other hand, meadow species from the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 occurred less frequently. Dense ozier thickets of Salicetum pentandro- cinereae (Almq. 1929) Pass. 1961 and seldom Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Libbert 1933 patches developed in peatland margins. Among recorded plant communities the most interesting in the floristic sense were, i.a.: Caricetum limosae Br.-Bl. 1921 and Ericetum tetralicis R.Tx. 1937. These phytocoenoses are rarely found in peatlands, and the vascular plant species composing them, e.g. Carex limosa, Scheuchzeria palustris,Erica tetralix and Andromeda polifolia, are considered natural peculiarities in Poland . Substantial contribution of rush-swampy and meadow species on peatlands increase their biodiversity. This phenomenon, however, is not favourable for peat bog ecosystems as it proves the advancement of eutrophication processes. This may result in disappearance of particular plant species and in degeneration of natural peat bog communities.