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EN
In the past, the main task of the Armed Forces was primarily to ensure military security in terms of defense of independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the state. However, nowadays, in the national and international dimension, their scope of tasks has been expanded to include projects in the field of supporting public administration bodies and society in crisis situations. That is due to the fact that the Armed Forces have unique, unprecedented in other response forces, opportunities to take effective action in the event of various crises. Thus, they have become an important enhancement of the crisis management system and civil protection. They can often constitute the main element of support for public administration bodies (central and local government) in solving emerging crisis situations. An important factor in the effectiveness of their actions in helping the society is the so-called crisis management system in the Ministry of National Defense. The structure of this system is closely related to the functioning control and command system.
PL
W przeszłości głównym zadaniem sił zbrojnych było przede wszystkim zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa militarnego w ujęciu obrony niepodległości, suwerenności i integralności terytorialnej państwa. Jednak współcześnie w wymiarze narodowym i międzynarodowym ich zakres zadań zdecydowanie uległ poszerzeniu o przedsięwzięcia z zakresu wsparcia organów administracji publicznej i społeczeństwa w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Wynika to z faktu, iż siły zbrojne, posiadają unikatowe, niespotykane w innych siłach reagowania możliwości podejmowania skutecznych działań w wypadku wystąpienia zróżnicowanych sytuacji kryzysowych. Tak więc stały się ważnym wzmocnieniem sytemu zarządzania kryzysowego i ochrony ludności. Często mogą one stanowić główny element wsparcia organów administracji publicznej (rządowej i samorządowej) w rozwiązywaniu powstałej sytuacji kryzysowej. Ważnym czynnikiem skuteczności ich działania w ramach pomocy społeczeństwu jest tzw. system zarządzania kryzysowego w resorcie obrony narodowej. Struktura tego systemu jest ściśle powiązana z funkcjonującym systemem kierowania i dowodzenia.
PL
Autor podejmuje próbę przedstawienia zmian organizacyjnych, jakie nastąpiły w organach dowodzenia poszczególnych poziomów dowodzenia na tle przeprowadzonej reformy systemu dowodzenia Sił Zbrojnych RP. Odnosi się zarówno do starych zmodyfi- kowanych struktur organizacyjnych, jak również prezentuje nowe rozwiązania. W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze dowództwa SZ RP funkcjonujące na strategicznym, operacyjnym i taktycznym poziomie dowodzenia.
EN
The author presents organizational changes that have occurred in the organs of command at different command levels in the light of the reform of the C2 Polish Armed Forces. He refers both to the old modified organizational structures as well as presents a new solution. The article presents the most important headquarters of the Armed Forces operating at the strategic, operational and tactical levels of command.
EN
The lecture presents an overview of the major changes that took place in the Polish Armed Forces transformation at the turn of the century in the area of command. They are shown with an indication of the factors that determine the nature and course of the changes and their impact on organizational structures. The major ones included: change in the geopolitical situation in Europe and in the world, the economic situation of Polish economic, needs and requirements of the national security state, the obligations and requirements of allied and changes in the theory and practice of the art of war. These changes have been identified with the presentation of examples showing their nature, scope and course of covering the transition from the military Warsaw Pact Member States to fully-fledged member of the politically and militarity NATO Alliance. For over twenty years, these changes related to many areas of the command system of the Polish Armed Forces and they were engaged in anevolutionary way, and sometimes even revolutionary.
4
Content available remote Dowodzenie bazą lotnictwa taktycznego
EN
The organization of the Polish Air Force (POL AF) is undergoing the process of transformation with the aim of fulfilling the requirements of the modern battlefield and combat technology. As a result, in 2008, new air tactical bases structures were implemented by integration of previous air force bases and air tactical squadrons. The integration of organizational structures and the problem of qualifying the air tactical base for the appropriate command and control subsystem of POL AF (an operational or supporting system) appeared simultaneously. Furthermore, shaping the command and control system at the air force base level in the new circumstances occurred to be more complicated than expected. The most important is to define the significance of groups: air operations, support and maintenance formerly subordinated to air squadron within air tactical base command and control system. The main aim of the article is to present a new concept of the air tactical base command and control system organization. The air tactical base through the lenses of the possession of combat aircraft plays an important role in the defense system of the country. The base fulfills its missions in peace, crisis and wartime. Hence, it is appropriate to formulate new guidelines for the air tactical base command and control system, taking into account a number of direct and indirect factors.
5
Content available remote Założenia koncepcji działania organów dowodzenia
EN
Contemporary, complex and dynamic conditions of military organisations functioning result in the growing importance of their activities’ effectiveness, which aim at reaching assumed goals. It is stressed that command (managerial) bodies play the leading role in all organisational activities. Therefore, special attention must be focused on the evaluation of their preparation and task achievement. The identified facts and conclusions drawn while the evaluation should allow answering questions concerning how the work was done, what was achieved, what the result was, if the activities were effective. Consequently, it may be defined how to improve their functioning. The article features assumptions taken while defining the evaluation concept of the command body's performance. Its idea is expresses in the fact that this evaluation should be perceived as a system characteristic value defined in the space of aims, results and as a consequence of the potential used (assets, resources, work, etc.). It is suggested in such an approach to perceive the evaluation of command bodies' performance in two categories of criteria: effectiveness, i.e. the result of command bodies’ performance is understood as the conformity of results and aims and cost-effectiveness, i.e. the relation between the result (in a factual, methodological and functional approach) and costs born to achieve it. The presented assumptions are the starting point for formal development and implementation of the evaluation concept of command bodies’performance, and in a broader approach the evaluation of the command system organisation and functioning.
EN
The article presents issues connected with ensuring cooperation of automated command and reconnaissance systems on the example of the KAKTUS system. The implemented communication software ensures required functionality of the data exchange. It allows automated exchange of contracted information depending on available media transmission. In case of high-speed broadband links, the cooperation is carried out with the use of both the DEM database replication mechanisms and ADatP-3 message transmission. If the communication is held through narrowband (e.g. radio) links, the mechanisms MEM or SWD are applied for the needs of automated message exchange that send formalized ADatP-3 messages.
7
Content available remote Kierunki rozwoju technicznych środków dowodzenia siłami powietrznymi
EN
The basis of Air Forces commanding is to have reliable, prompt and current information concerning both the enemy (their potential and real capabilities) as well as conditions to conduct operations and own forces’ potential. Modern systems of command allow fast acquisition and collection of information and its analysis and transformation. They support commanders in the decision making process. Moreover, they enable transferring tasks to their executors. The growing engagement of the alliance’s armed forces and other organisations in crisis response operations enforces the increase of interoperability in the area of armed forces' command, the air forces including. Serious challenges for the air forces commanding result from the centric network fighting concept. It assumes the operational capabilities growth of forces smaller in number resulting from information advantage and common situational awareness of all participants of the operations. Using forces in centric network battlefield will require effective process of command. It will be conditioned by the access to technologically advanced means. These means are technical devices and equipment that are to ensure an efficient and permanent flow of information necessary to command subordinate forces. They supply the system of command with information acquired, transformed, sent, collected and presented. In the literature of the subject, these means are divided into 5 basic groups: reconnaissance, communication, information transformation, information imagery, personnel and transport assignment assets. The aim of the article is to present the development directions of technical means of commanding in the Air Forces. Technical and operational aspects of their development have been analysed. The article is divided into parts reflecting the division of technical means of commanding into reconnaissance, communication, information transformation and imagery and means of relocation the personnel and transport.
PL
W referacie przedstawiono analizę możliwości wykonawczych systemu rakietowego MLRS-P, z wykorzystaniem krajowego zaplecza badawczo-rozwojowego i przemysłu obronnego. Uwzględniono harmonogram realizacji systemu i jego uwarunkowania wdrożeniowe. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości czasowe, a szczególnie skupiono się na współpracy dotyczącej powstawania pocisków rakietowych. Przedstawiono możliwości produkowania elementów rakietowego silnika i jego oprzyrządowania. Pozostałe składniki systemu rakietowego są możliwe do pozyskania w krajowym przemyśle obronnym. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na możliwość wykorzystania doświadczenia zespołu, który zaprojektował i wdrożył do produkcji artyleryjski system rakietowy BM-21 M.
EN
Feasibility study of Missile System MLRS-P by using Polish research and development institutions and defense industry is presented in the paper. The schedule of system development and requirements of implementation are presented. The time perspective is included focusing on the cooperation for the development of rocket motors. Capacities for the manufacture of rocket motor’s components and fittings are described. The remaining parts of the system can be manufactured by the Polish defence industry. A stress is put in the paper to use the experience of the team that developed and introduced into the manufacture process the artillery rocket system BM-21 M.
10
EN
The article features selected conditions of command system functioning with the use of teleinformation network in network centric environment. Command system elements are described with particular focus on information links between command bodies. Also conditions to access information in the process of command are presented and the creation of information domain is suggested as an innovative tool of information management.
11
Content available remote Reforma systemu dowodzenia i struktur Sił Zbrojnych RP w latach 2009-2018
EN
On 16 January 2009, the Minister of National Defence, Bogdan Klich delivered a lecture for the National Defence University’s (AON) staff and students concerning the reform of the Polish Armed Forces Command System and Structures in 2009 - 2018. The minister underlined the necessity of creating a system that would enable the unity of command and at the same time the division of planning and command functions which is connected with establishing the position of the Chief of Defence (The Chief of General Staff would be the First Deputy of the Chief of Defence). Moreover, the Board of the Commanders of Armed Forces' Branches, as an advisory body, would be called but the autonomy of respective armed forces’ commanders would be preserved. The Chief of the Board would be rotated every year. Such a structure is to modernize the system of command. The concept does not provide setting up a new level of command and maintains the president's competence as the Armed Forces’ Supreme Commander and Defence Minister taking civil control of the army. The new concept also stipulates the increase of combat units in relation to support units, as well as integration of similar structures, which consequently is to improve the effectiveness of conducted tasks. The minister mentioned also the necessity to decentralize the commands of the Polish Armed Forces' Branches which is connected with moving the Land Forces’ Command to Wrocław and Air Force Command to Poznań.
13
Content available remote Kierunki transformacji systemu dowodzenia w środowisku sieciocentrycznym
EN
During recent years, armed forces have been used not only to wage armed fighting but also to support the activities of various international organisations, conduct humanitarian operations or rescue operations during natural disasters. This multitude of tasks necessitates the transformation process which is manifested in the tendency to reach network centric capabilities, i.e. the capabilities to reach the intended operational effect using the information infrastructure. In order to attain this goal, gradual changes should be introduced in the area of organisation of command and command post system (so called Dispersed Virtual Command Post), as well as command process itself. The final effect is to achieve information superiority and consequently decision superiority which allows achieving an intended goal in a short time using the military potential effectively.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z badań kwalifikacyjnych Zautomatyzowanego Systemu Dowodzenia i Kierowania Rozpoznaniem Elektronicznym Sił Powietrznych, kryptonim „WOŁCZENICA”, który instalowany będzie na bazie batalionu radioelektronicznego (brel) i Ośrodka Radioelektronicznego (ORel).
EN
Some conclusions of the qualification tests on the Air Forces eleetronic reconnaissance automatic command and control system named "Wolczenica" are presented in the paper. The system is predicted to be integrated into the Air Forces structure.
PL
W Wojskowym Instytucie Łączności w Zegrzu zostat opracowany nowoczesny system łączności - szerokopasmowy system łączności wojsk lądowych. Głównym przeznaczeniem systemu jest budowa mobilnej sieci teleinformatycznej dla Wojsk Lądowych SZ RP oraz świadczenie nowoczesnych usług teleinformatycznych na rzecz użytkowników takiej sieci. Rozwiązania przyjęte przy projektowaniu SSŁ WLąd cechuje duża uniwersalność, dlatego oprócz swojego podstawowego przeznaczenia system ten może być wykorzystany również w innych sytuacjach. W artykule przedstawiono praktyczne aspekty wykorzystania jego infrastruktury teleinformatycznej oraz potencjału usługowego.
EN
In Military Communication Institute was developed modern Communications system called Broadband Communications System for Land Forces. The main systenrYs purpose is the construetion of mobile telecommunication network for Land Forces and to providing advan-ced services for the systems's users. The flexible Solutions were es-tablished in designing process provide apart from its main aim, possibility of using the system in the different situations and sizes of the network. The article presents practical aspects of using the telecommunication infrastructure and services.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań państwowych polowego zautomatyzowanego systemu dowodzenia związkiem taktycznym "SZAFRAN" przeznaczonego do realizacji procesów dowodzenia na szczeblach korpusu, dywizji, brygad i batalionów wojsk lądowych oraz wspomagania pracy przez automatyzację czynności i procesów dowodzenia.
EN
State test results of the "SZAFRAN" field tactical automatic command system designated to perform command tasks at the levels of army corps, division, brigade and battalion and support the work through the automation of the command process are presented in the article.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan prac wdrożeniowych, wykonywanych w HSW SA w zakresie zestawu wyposażenia bojowego plutonu moździerzy 98 mm oraz prognozy rozwojowe w tym temacie, m.in. tendencje rozwoju konstrukcji moździerza i wykorzystania go jako działa pokładowego.
EN
The current status of implementation works which are being carried out in Stalowa Wola Steelworks for 98 mm mortar platoon combat system and perspectives of its development, including development tendencies in mortar designs and application of mortar as an onboard gun, are presented in the paper.
PL
W atykule przedstawiono propozycję uzyskania interoperacyjności narodowych Systemów Kierowania Ogniem artylerii polowej z systemami dowodzenia NATO poprzez wymianę komunikatów ADatP-3. Opisano stanowisko laboratoryjne do badania interoperacyjności. Zaprezentowano, wykonany w technologii XML, procesor komunikatów z edycją, translacją i komunikacją wykorzystującą przeglądarki internetowe komputerów, palmtopów i telefonów komórkowych.
EN
A proposal for achieving of interoperability between national Artillery Fire Control Systems and NATO Command Systems through ADatP-3 communicates exchange is presented. A laboratory set-up for testing of interoperability is described. The communicate processor performed in the XML technology with edition, translation and communication using internet computer searchers, palmtops and mobile phones is presented.
20
Content available remote System kierowania logistyką we współczesnych operacjach wojsk lądowych
EN
Introducing a new forces command system into the Polish Armed Forces resulting from our NATO membership and changes in operational, tactical and logistic conditions to carry out Land Forces' operations brought out new challenges for logistic command system. The article tries to characterise land forces logistic command system in contemporary operations. It contains its own interpretation of the „logistic command system” notion, its structure of organisation and factors that determine the effectiveness of its functioning. A particular attention has been drawn to identify basic components of Land Forces' logistic command system considered through the Land Forces' command system in operations. The author has also presented general tasks of Land Forces' logistic command in nation-led operations, alliance-led operations on our own territory and outside our borders.
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