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Effect of air distribution and process duration on the emissions during combustion of alternative fuel

Kozioł Michał

Proceedings of ECOpole

2020

Vol. 14, No. 1

11--17

One of the greatest problems of environmental protection is the problem of municipal waste management. As the experience of the richest European countries shows, a significant part of it must still be managed by thermal methods. However, currently, numerous countries, including Poland, are moving away from waste incineration processes towards the processes of energetic use of fuels based on them. One of the main combustion technologies of solid waste and fuels based on them is their combustion in grate furnaces. In the article the methodology and results of laboratory tests of the combustion process of refuse derived fuel are presented. The research was carried out on a test stand enabling simulation of processes occurring in furnaces with mechanical grates. In the presented research, variable factors were: the distribution of air flow along the grate length and the total duration of the process. In the research the influence of changes in these factors on CO and NOx emissions was determined. The paper presents both the changes in the emissions of the gases mentioned above over time and the total emissions related to the unit of the formed fuel burnt.

Jednym z największych problemów ochrony środowiska jest problem zagospodarowania odpadów komunalnych. Jak wskazują doświadczenia najbogatszych krajów europejskich, metodami termicznymi zagospodarowywana wciąż musi być znacząca ich część. Jednak obecnie w szeregu państw - w tym w Polsce odchodzi się od procesów spalania odpadów na rzecz procesów energetycznego wykorzystania paliw powstałych na ich bazie. Jedną z głównych technologii spalania odpadów stałych oraz paliw powstałych na ich bazie jest ich spalanie w paleniskach rusztowych. W artykule przedstawiono metodykę i wyniki badań laboratoryjnych procesu spalania paliwa alternatywnego. Badania przeprowadzono na stanowisku badawczym umożliwiającym symulowanie procesów zachodzących w paleniskach z rusztami mechanicznymi. W prezentowanych badaniach czynnikami zmiennymi były: rozkład strumienia powietrza wzdłuż długości rusztu oraz całkowity czas trwania procesu. W badaniach określano wpływ zmian tych czynników na emisję CO i NOx. W pracy przedstawiono zarówno zmiany emisji wymienionych gazów w czasie, jak i wielkości emisji całkowitej odniesione do jednostki spalanego paliwa formowanego.

Analysis of combustion processes in ci engine fuelled either with diesel fuel or rape oil methyl ester and additionally with ethanol

Kowalewicz A.

Journal of KONES

2006

Vol. 13, No. 2

225-240

At the conference KONES’2005 combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with rape oil methyl ester (RME) and ethanol injected into inlet port have been presented. In this paper combustion processes in the engine fuelled with two base fuels: diesel oil (DF) or rapeseed oil methyl ester and additionally with ethanol have been analyzed and combustion parameters have been compared. Ethanol fraction has a serious influence on combustion. Addition of ethanol delays combustion in the initial stage but despite of that, combustion is completed earlier if the ethanol fraction is higher. This phenomenon takes place for both base fuels: RME and DF. However, for high speed (2200 rpm) and torque = 20 Nm (pe= 0,256 MPa) ignition delay of DF was so long, that ignition took place 15 CA deg ATDC. Nevertheless of that, combustion was completed only about 5 CA deg later than for neat DF. Combustion processes for both fuels are similar, but there are some differences in ignition delay. At low load and high speed for fuelling with DF combustion extends for exhaust stoke. On account on diesel – knock the engine can not be loaded by higher torque at high speed. Besides ethanol fraction, there is a strong influence of load and speed on combustion parameters. Generally increase of speed decreases maximum pressure and increase of load increases it, as well for RME as for DF. The highest pressure has been measured for DF and ethanol injection.