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1

Techniczne uwarunkowania współspalania biomasy

Ciukaj S.

Energetyka – Społeczeństwo – Polityka

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2017

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nr 1(5)

83--114

EN

Paper presents the technical considerations of biomass co-firing in coal fired power boilers. Combustion of fuels with different properties in one boiler results in significant changes in the performance of such a boiler. The nature and the intensity of slagging and fouling of the heating surfaces strongly affects the amount of heat absorbed by the individual surfaces which in turn changes the performance of the power unit. It should be noted that while combustion of „clean” fuels such as natural gas or fuel oil, the fouling phenomena is not severe and only slightly dependent on the type of fuel. Cofiring of a various biomass types cause deposits with varying effects on the boiler heating surfaces. heat exchange. Hence, the effects of powr unit’s modernization may depend on the characteristics of the fuel currently being fired (especially its mineral content). At present, the most common are the modernization of coal substitution with biomass in both pulverized, grate and circulating fluidized bed boilers. In the paper some technology features were presented to show different technical solutions of biomass co-firing and resulting boiler performance effects.

2

Technologia spalania HiTAC

Karpiński B., Szkodo M., Stąsiek J., Szewczuk P.

Energetyka

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2014

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nr 12

735--737

PL

Narastające globalne zapotrzebowanie energetyczne oraz wzrost świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństwa zaowocowały dużym zainteresowaniem przedsiębiorców nowymi technologiami spalania. Jedną z innowacyjnych technologii spalania wychodzącą na przeciw i spełniającą oczekiwania przemysłu jest technologia spalania HiTAC (ang. High Temperature Air Combustion). Technologia ta pozwala na optymalne egzergiczne pozyskiwanie energii w postaci ciepła, przy obniżonej emisji toksycznych gazowych produktów reakcji spalania (NOx, CO). Przedstawiona technologia została przeanalizowana i zoptymalizowana w trakcie projektów badawczych przeprowadzanych na Politechnice Gdańskiej, przy współpracy z jednostkami naukowymi z całego świata (Royal Institute of Technology, Sztokholm). W artykule przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentalnych badań wpływu temperatury i procentowej zawartości tlenu w strumieniu gazu utleniającego (spaliny o kontrolowanym stężeniu O2) na obecność ubocznych produktów spalania (NOx) wysokokalorycznego paliwa (butan) w komorze spalania HiTAC.

EN

The growing global energy requirement and a rise in ecological awaresness of the society have resulted in big interest of entrepreneurs in new combustion technologies. One of such innovative ones, meeting new trends and fulfilling industry expectations, is the HiTAC technology. It enables the optimum exoergic energy acquisition in the form of heat with reduced emission of toxic gaseous combustion products like NOx or CO. The presented technology was analysed and optimized during research projects conducted on Politechnika Gdańska in cooperation with research units from all over the world (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm). Presented here are the results of experimental investigations of the influence of temperature and percentage of oxygen contained in an oxidizing gas stream (exhaust gases with controlled O2 concentration) on the presence of a high-calorific fuel (butane) combustion by-products (NOx) in the HiTAC combustion chamber.

3

Ocena technologii spalania odpadów komunalnych. Wykorzystanie koncepcji najlepszej dostępnej technologii BATNEEC

Generowicz A., Kowalski Z., Makara A.

Rynek Instalacyjny

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2013

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Nr 12

32--36

PL

Artykuł przedstawia metodykę oceny opcji BATNEEC zastosowaną dla różnych technologii termicznego przekształcania odpadów komunalnych. BAT jest pakietem warunków, założeń technologicznych czy zagadnień, które muszą być uwzględnione przy określaniu optymalnych środków dla zmniejszania zanieczyszczeń w każdym indywidualnym przypadku. Natomiast BATNEEC to koncepcja „najlepszych dostępnych technologii niepowodujących nadmiernych, nieuzasadnionych kosztów”. Zakres pracy obejmował wybór opcji technologicznych oraz kryteriów ich oceny, a następnie analizę porównawczą zaproponowanych rozwiązań. Zaproponowana metodyka pozwala na taką ocenę porównawczą, a kryteria mają charakter uniwersalny i po odpowiedniej adaptacji mogą być stosowane na potrzeby dowolnych procesów technologicznych.

EN

This paper presents the methodology of evaluation followed BATNEEC options for different technologies incineration of municipal waste. BAT is a suite of conditions, assumptions or technological issues that need to be taken into account when determining the optimal abatement measures in each individual case. However BATNEEC is the concept of ”best available technology does not cause excessive, unreasonable, the costs”. The scope of work included the selection of technology options and the criteria for their evaluation and comparative analysis of the proposed solutions. The proposed methodology allows for just such a comparative assessment and the criteria are universal and can be used after appropriate adaptation to the needs of any technological processes.

4

Towards adaptive control of a coal-fired retort boiler in housing heating system

Nitsche M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Opolska

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2010

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z. 63

39-40

EN

In small combustion installations, emissions and efficiency strongly depend on fuel, combustion technologies as well as on operational practices and maintenance. This paper presents a way of research on simple adaptive control of low-power housing boiler.

5

Evaluation of Corrosion Hazard in PF Boilers Applying the Oxygen Content in Flue Gases

Bukowski P., Hardy T., Kordylewski W.

Archivum Combustionis

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2009

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Vol. 29 nr 1-2

11-18

EN

An important indicator of corrosion hazard in PF boilers is flue gas content in the boundary layer near watertubes. In practice, the two flue gas components are measured: O2 and CO. High content of CO (over 5 000 ppm) and O2 below 1% indicates reductive atmosphere corresponding to the high rate of low - NOx corrosion. Usually, the measurements of O2 and CO content are performed once a year, when a boiler is out of the operation. An idea of a monitoring system development, based on flue gas on-line analysis, was born to control corrosion hazard in continuous manner. The system should operate automatically under supervision of a computer applying sensors able to convert gas concentrations into electric signals directly, like zirconia oxygen analyzer for O2. Unfortunately, similar devices for CO are unavailable, because carbon monoxide concentration in combustion gases is one of the most difficult foreseeable species in combustion systems. However, it is possible to evaluate the CO concentration on the ground of O2 measurements in flue gas. Based on a long-term experience, an effort to find this dependence was made and the correlation between the oxygen and carbon monoxide concentration in a boiler furnace was worked out. The obtained relationship made it possible to correlate the rate of corrosion and the content of oxygen, and to estimate the corrosion hazard in a furnace on-line from the O2 content detected by the monitoring system. In the article the relationship between CO and O2 is presented in the form of graphs and formulas, and the influence of O2 content on the corrosion rate is shown as well. The obtained relationships were verified by the measurements of watertubes thickness. All the measurements data used in the paper proceeded from the measurements carried out at the BP-1150 boiler in power plant Elektrownia Opole S.A. during 2001-2003.