Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The importance of mixture preparation for industrial heat and power gas engines

Romańczyk M., Elsner W.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

385--392

EN

The main task of a gas mixer is to mix the fuel (gas) with air in such a way that in the gas engine optimal combustion takes place. A high efficiency of the whole combustion process and low emissions are the decisive optimization parameters. An industrial gas engine operates mostly with a lean air-gas combustion mixture with an air excess coefficient ratio of → λ=1.6. Most often heat and power industrial gas engines operate with biogas. The biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion, where biodegradable materials in the absence of oxygen are fermented. That is why the biogas fuel consists mostly of methane → CH4 (up to 70 [%]), carbon dioxide → CO2 and traces of other contaminant gases. It is well known, that the performance of industrial gas engines strongly depends on the quality of air and fuel mixing and therefore homogeneity of the mixture. Improper air-gas mixture can lead to unstable operation of the entire gas engine and excessive emissions beyond the applicable environmental standards. Therefore, in this article numerical investigations were performed using the open source computational fluid dynamics software OpenFOAM to show the importance of mixture preparation for industrial heat and power gas engines by describing in detail the mixing behaviour in a Venturi gas mixer model.

2

Researches of a combustion engine fuelled with a fuel-water microemulsion

Kowalski M., Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

187--196

EN

The emulsion is a mixture of two or more insoluble liquids. Microemulsion is the emulsion with particles dimension in a range of one micrometre and smaller. Such a microemulsion of water and diesel fuel will create a novel quality and allows one to simultaneously achieve environmental and economic effects, as well as eliminate the ad-verse impact of normal emulsions, or adverse effects of water injection into the engine intake system or directly into the combustion chamber, as well as the sequential injection of water directly into the combustion chamber. Application of microemulsion of water and diesel to fuel diesel engine positively affects the combustion process through the catalytic impact of microparticles of water, and improves the process of preparation of the microemulsion injection into the combustion chamber as a result of water microparticles’ microexplosions. This article presents the investigation results of an internal combustion engine fuelled by an emulsion of water and diesel fuel and fuelled by emulsion of FAME and water. It therefore seems appropriate to a strong increase in the degree of dispersion of water droplets in the emulsion by applying the methods to obtain the size of water droplets on nanometric range. This should dramatically improve both the stability of emulsion and its influence on the chemical effects of combustion in diesel engine.

3

Numerical modelling of combustion process with the use of ANSYS FLUENT code

Kowalski M., Jankowski M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

175--186

EN

The article presents the modelling of the combustion process of liquid fuels using professional ANSYS FLUENT software. This program allows modelling the dynamics of compressible and incompressible, laminar and turbulent flows as well as heat exchange phenomena with occurrence and without chemical reactions. The model presented in the article takes into account the influence of the gas phase on the liquid phase during the fuel combustion process. The influence of velocity and pressure of the flowing gas and the type of flow has a significant impact on the combustion of liquid fuels. The developed model is fully reliable and the presented results are consistent with experimental research. The occurrence of a laminar sublayer in a turbulent flow was confirmed, and the thickness of this layer and the turbulent layer significantly influences the course of the combustion process. The use of the flat flow model reflects the basic phenomena occurring during the combustion of liquid fuels under turbulent conditions. The use of the program for flows with different flow velocity profiles is justified. It gives important information about the processes taking place during the combustion of liquid fuels. The results of numerical tests are presented graphically. The article presents graphs of velocity field, absolute pressure, power lines, temperature and density.

4

Technologie zagospodarowania CO2 pochodzącego z procesów spalania

Koszewska J.

Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna

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2016

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nr 4

120--124

PL

W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze technologie wychwytu i utylizacji dwutlenku węgla. Można je podzielić na wymagające konwersji CO2 oraz wykorzystujące nieprzetworzony gaz. W przypadku zastosowania dwutlenku węgla bez konwersji, możliwe są oszczędności wynikające z braku konieczności budowy specjalnych instalacji wykonywanych w przypadku, gdy CO2 jest traktowany jako jeden z substratów w danym procesie technologicznym. Warto zauważyć, że konwersja tego gazu umożliwia szersze jego wykorzystanie w różnych gałęziach przemysłu.

EN

The paper deals with the most important carbon dioxide sequestration and utilization methods. They need CO2 to be converted or use it directly. In the second case there is no need of dedicated installations for CO2 conversion and their costs are spared. But the conversion allows wider use of carbon dioxide in different sectors of industry.

5

Influence of compression ratio on combustion, turbulence, swirls into model combustion chamber of SI engines

Leżański T., Sęczyk J., Wolański P.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 4

179--186

EN

The results of the visualization researches, with the pressure measurement results are presented in the paper. Researches deal with the combustion system with semi-open combustion chamber for spark ignition engines. This system was elaborated in Aircraft Engine Department of Heat Engineering Institute of Warsaw University of Technology. During researches the influence of CR on a flame front propagation and turbulences into combustion chamber, when CR and ignition advance are varied, was determined. The model combustion chamber was made with the constant volumes ratio (the prechamber volume to the prechamber plus main combustion chamber volumes) of 28%. The CR were varied: 6:1, 8:1, 10:1 and 12:1, by changing of combustion chamber length and establish high. The researches were performed using rapid compression machine (RCM). The combustion sequences were recorded using high-speed digital camera with speed of 5000 frames per second. Simultaneously with combustion sequences recording, the high-speed pressure courses were registered. The research results show that the growth of compression ratio causes an improvement of combustion system performances; an increase of maximum cycle pressure and useful work field. The improvement of the performances is caused mainly by shortening of the combustion time and intensification of the turbulences and approaching of supposed combustion course.

6

Comparative analysis of selected combustion parameters in the diesel engine powered with biodiesel - ethanol blends

Górski K., Smigins R., Longwic R.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

2096--2103

EN

The present work is focused on a comparative experimental study for determining the effect of fuel properties of oxygenated fuels on selected work parameters of direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The engine was operated on fossil diesel oil (DO), biodiesel (BD also known as FAME) and biodiesel with 10% and 20% ethanol addition, accordingly (ET10) and (ET20). Each of the fuels were tested at steady state running conditions. In such conditions the high-speed parameters of the engine work were recorded. In particular the variation of in-cylinder pressure as well as the fuel injector needle lift signals were analyzed. It allowed to calculate and compare the values of selected combustion parameters of the AD3.152 engine fuelled with biodiesel-ethanol blends. The experimental work was done with an AD3.152 diesel engine installed in the laboratory of the Vehicle Technical Exploitation Department at Technical University of Radom (Poland).

PL

Niniejsza praca jest skupiona na eksperymentalnych badaniach umożliwiających określenie wpływu właściwości paliw zawierających tlen na wybrane parametry pracy silnika diesla z bezpośrednim system wtrysku. Silnik zasilano standardowym olejem napędowym, biodieslem (FAME – fatty acid methyl esters) oraz jego mieszaniną z dodatkiem 10 i 20 % (objętościowo) etanolu. Takie mieszaniny oznaczono odpowiednio ET10 i ET20. Każde z tych paliw było badanych w ustalonych warunkach pracy silnika. W takich warunkach rejestrowano przebiegi szybkozmienne procesów roboczych silnika. W szczególności analizowano przebiegi zmian ciśnienia w cylindrze oraz wzniosu iglicy rozpylacza paliwa. Pozwoliło to obliczyć i porównać wartości wybranych parametrów procesu spalania w silniku AD3.152 zasilanym mieszaninami FAME i etanolu. Prace eksperymentalne były wykonywane na silniku AD3.152 zainstalowanym w laboratorium Instytutu Eksploatacji Pojazdów i Maszyn UTH Radom.

7

Research effects of novel combustion system with semi-open combustion chamber using rapid compression machine

Leżański T., Sęczyk J., Wolański P.

Journal of KONES

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2014

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Vol. 21, No. 4

297--310

EN

The combustion system with semi open combustion chamber (SOCC) was originally elaborated in Aircraft Engine Department of Warsaw University of Technology. In this system the original combustion chamber of the standard SI engine, was divided by partition in prechamber and main combustion chamber, but yet this division exists only when the piston is close to TDC, on the contrary by the rest of the cycle the chambers are fully open. The system operation mechanism, the visualization research results, the high speed changed of the pressure measurements, was presented in this paper. The influence on the system performances of the different combustion systems parameters: the prechamber volume, the nozzle hole diameter in the partition, the ignition place, the compression ratio, and the ignition advance angle (IAA), on the basis of the research results, using rapid compression machine was presented in this paper. All research results show, that the best results of the system operation can be obtained if the stream outflow from prechamber to main combustion chamber starts when the piston is at TDC, and if the stream energy will be so big to displace all main combustion chamber before the clearance between partition and piston crown was opened. If the system operated correctly, the combustion time shortening, the growth of the maximum cycle pressure, and the combustion efficiency increase were obtained.

8

Research identification of mixture creation and combustion processes in Spark Ignition engines using two GDI injectors

Borowski P.

Archivum Combustionis

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2014

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Vol. 34 nr 1

83--93

EN

The paper discuses results of research concerning fuel injection and combustion processes using high pressure gasoline injection realized by two injectors positioned in Constant Volume Chamber and Rapid Compression Machine. To get images of injection and combustion processes high speed camera HighSpeedStar 5 was used. The images were analyzed by LaVision DaVis software. The injection was realized using outward-opening piezoelectric injectors getting empty inside conical stream. Injectors are positioned with right angle between them with spark plug amid them. The angle of cone equals 90 degrees, which enables to get connection of fuel streams around spark plug electrodes allowing ignition of mixture. The research on combustion processes was made using different injection strategies. Analysis of computer simulations broads the range of obtained information. The led research enables to verify the validity of usage of two injectors in combustion chamber in Gasoline Direct Injection.

9

Flame front propagation in combustion system with semi - open combustion chamber with different compression ratio

Leżański T., Sęczyk J., Wolański P.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 4

227--235

EN

Researches of the combustion system with semi-open combustion chamber for spark ignition engines. This system was elaborated in Aircraft Engine Department of Heat Engineering Institute of Warsaw University of Technology. The researches concern the determination of influence CR on a flame front propagation into combustion chamber when CR and ignition advance are varied. The model combustion chamber make up with the constant volumes ratio of the prechamber volume to the prechamber plus main combustion chamber volumes, of 28%, but the CR were varied: 6:1, 8:1, 10:1 and 12:1, by changing of combustion chamber length. The researches were performed using rapid compression machine (RCM). The combustion sequences were recorded using high-speed digital camera with speed of 5000 frames per second. Simultaneously with combustion sequences recording, the high-speed pressure measurements were performed. The results of the visualization researches, with the pressure measurement results are presented in the paper. The research results show that the growth of compression ratio caused an improvement of combustion system performances; an increase of maximum cycle pressure and useful work field. The improvement of the performances is caused mainly by shortening of the combustion chamber length and approaching of supposed combustion course.

10

Chosen problems of combustion processes of advanced combustion engine

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 3

203--208

EN

The latest intensive researches are directed on advanced low-temperature combustion (LTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), pre-mixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) and lean-burn petrol are presented in the paper. Engines with the direct injection of petrol (GDI) and Common Rail are subject of the paper. Engines the Scuderi and Holubowicz are described. The schema of Scuderi of engine is introduced. The original model of the combustion process is presented. Combustion rate at occurring of convection, velocity components of gases of liquid fuels changes combustion processes of these fuels. Increasing of velocity of the gas stream always increases the combustion rate, whereat the character of the influence is relative to the kind of the flow, which can be laminar, transient or turbulent. For the purpose of the comparison of experimental findings, one carried out calculations with the use of the modelling. In the modelling one used the ANSYS FLUENT programme which creates the opportunity of the modelling of the wide range of problems connected with the computational flow dynamics (CFD), both in reference to the flow of compressible fluids, as and incompressible, laminar and turbulent flows, phenomena of the transport, the heat exchange, with the occurrence and without the occurrence of chemical reactions. The field of the speed for the module from two velocity components introduced for the laminar and turbulent flow is presented.

11

Diagnostyka urządzeń i procesów technicznych z zastosowaniem szybkich technik wizyjnych

Jóźwik W., Zacharski S., Zbrowski A.

Energetyka

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2013

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nr 2

122-126

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki prac polegających na obserwacji zjawisk zachodzących z dużą prędkością za pomocą szybkiej kamery cyfrowej. Instrumentarium badawcze zastosowano w badaniach procesu kucia wałeczków łożyskowych. Ponadto zaprezentowano wyniki badania procesów wysokoenergetycznych zachodzących w napędach pocisków rakietowych oraz pneumatycznych systemach miotających. Opisano także wykorzystanie szybkich technik wizyjnych do wyznaczania prędkości tłoczyska pneumatycznego siłownika udarowego. Zastosowanie szybkich technik wizyjnych umożliwia jednoczesne badanie wielu parametrów szybkozmiennych procesów, trudnych do diagnozowania innymi metodami. Przykładem wielowymiarowego badania jest rejestracja zjawiska eksplozji zestawu środków pirotechniki widowiskowej. Dzięki metodzie wizyjnej możliwe jest jednoczesne określenie czasu spalania ładunku pirotechnicznego, jak również zasięgu kuli ognia oraz odłamków powstających w wyniku eksplozji. Zastosowanie szybkich kamer cyfrowych pozwala na równoczesne bezstykowe wyznaczenie chwilowej prędkości szybko poruszających się obiektów, oraz obserwację obiektu w czasie przemieszczania. Metody wykorzystujące bramki laserowe lub mechaniczne, w odróżnieniu od metody wizyjnej, umożliwiają jedynie wyznaczenie prędkości w przedziale pomiarowym.

EN

Presented are results of a research based on observation of high-speed phenomena with the help of a rapid shot digital camera. The research instrumentary was applied in examination of the bearing rollers forging process. Moreover, there are presented results of the research of high-energy processes occurring in missiles jet propulsions and in pneumatic hurling systems. Described is also the application of fast visual technologies to determine the speed of a piston rod in a pneumatic percussive actuator. Application of the fast visual technologies enables simultaneous examination of many parameters of fast-changing processes which are hard to diagnose by other methods. An example of such multidimensional examination is recording of an explosion of spectacle pyrotechnic charges. Thanks to the visual method it is possible to simultaneously determine a pyrotechnic charge combustion time as well as the fireball size and the radius of a charge fragments scatter. Application of fast digital cameras allows simultaneous contactless determination of fast moving objects momentary speed and the object observation during the moving time. Methods involving application of laser or mechanical gates - as opposed to the visual method - enable only speed determination in a certain measurement range.

12

Modelling of combustion processes of liquid fuels

Jankowski A.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 4

239-244

EN

The modelling of combustion processes of liquid fuels assumes that combustion processes of fuels always occur in gas-phase, gas-phase may be homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. For homogeneous mixture, course of combustion processes is controlled by kinetics of chemical reactions. For heterogeneous mixture, course of combustion processes is controlled by initial processes, with reference to liquid fuels, vaporization processes of fuel occur. Flow of combustion gases (velocity and kind) intensifies combustion processes, influence of pressure on combustion processes of liquid fuels differs from the influence on combustion processes of gas fuels. The subject of the paper is the modelling of the combustion process of heterogeneous fuels, researches processes of spraying and combustion. The researches of atomization and combustion processes were performed in combustion chamber of the constant volume. To carry out the research, the test equipment was used, which allowed the visualization of atomization and combustion processes by means of the camera to high-speed photographing, measurements of distribution velocity stream atomised fuel with the laser-equipment PIV, LDV and PDPA, and measurement of the pressure in combustion chamber. The model of the combustion process of heterogeneous fuels based on properties of the boundary layer with addition of the mass was worked out.

13

Control strategy combustion of system with semi – open combustion chamber of spark ignition engines

Leżański T., Sęczyk J., Wolański P.

Journal of KONES

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2012

|

Vol. 19, No. 4

367-377

EN

The attempts to increase the engine combustion efficiency of the spark ignition (SI) engines have led to development of the new combustion system with semi-open combustion chamber. This system is similar to flame jet ignition systems, which were applied in many production internal combustion engines. The similar pulsed jet combustion system was elaborated by Professor A. K. Oppenheim. In the system developed at Aircraft Engine Department of Warsaw University of Technology (AED) the standard combustion chamber of SI engine was divided on prechamber and main combustion chamber using partition. The ignition in prechamber is more reliable and repeatable but total burning time in the prechamber and main combustion chamber is shorter than in standard combustion chamber. The principal problem of efficient operation of this system and obtaining of the required performance is securing the relevant control strategy. The performances of this system are dependent from: the rate of this prechamber volume to total combustion chamber volume, the orifice diameter in a partition, the ignition place and the ignition advance angle (ignition timing). Among these parameters the ignition timing only may be varied in the continuous manner during the engine operations without of the engine disassembling. Therefore constant values separate parameters (prechamber volume, orifice diameter, ignition place) should be selected in comprehensive, time consuming researches for different engine operation conditions (engine speed, load and environment conditions) and subsequently the map of ignition advance angles should be determined at state remaining separate parameters. The values of the ignition advance angle should be selected and programmed in electronic control unit, which will be control the ignition advance angle at different engine operating conditions. The dependences between engine operating parameters and the ignition timing are not linear and therefore mechanical control system is not effective. Some research results concerning the best engine operating parameters has been presented in this paper.

14

Combustion of plywood waste in a low-power BOILER

Cichy W.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2012

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vol. 55, nr 187

21-36

EN

The article presents the results of experiments aimed at the identification of the influence of the share of phenol and amine resins in burnt fuel mixtures from wood waste along the basic parameters of the process of their thermal oxidation in a low- -power boiler. Differences in the composition of combustion gases from the burning of waste from “virgin” wood and plywood manufactured using urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) glues were observed.

PL

Zbadano wpływ udziału żywic fenolowych i aminowych w spalanych mieszankach odpadów drzewnych na kształtowanie się podstawowych parametrów procesu ich spalania w urządzeniu kotłowym małej mocy. Badania prowadzono na laboratoryjnym stanowisku badawczym składającym się z paleniska retortowego o mocy 50 kW odpowiednio oprzyrządowanego. Ocenę składu gazów spalinowych prowadzono przy pomocy przenośnego analizatora spalin wyposażonego w cele elektrochemiczne. Materiałem badawczym były odpady sklejki wodoodpornej (zaklejanej klejem fenolowym – PF), suchotrwałej (zaklejanej klejem mocznikowym – UF) oraz odpady „czystego” drewna. W trakcie eksperymentu zmieniano ilości dozowanego do paleniska powietrza w zakresie 50–140 m3. Stwierdzono, że spalaniu paliw drzewnych zawierających fenolowe żywice klejowe towarzyszyła wyższa zawartość tlenku węgla i węglowodorów, w porównaniu z paliwami zawierającymi żywice mocznikowe i „czyste” drewno. Zwiększanie ilości dozowanego powietrza przy spalaniu sklejki fenolowej powodowało znaczący spadek emisji tlenku węgla i węglowodorów w porównaniu z paliwami zawierającymi żywice mocznikowe, spalanymi w ten sam sposób. Przy spalaniu sklejki mocznikowej i dozowaniu powietrza z prędkością 140 m3/h stwierdzono około trzy razy wyższą zawartość tlenków azotu w gazach spalinowych w porównaniu z „czystym” drewnem i sklejką fenolową. Dodatek sklejki fenolowej do spalanej sklejki mocznikowej przy dozowaniu powietrza do paleniska z prędkością 140 m3/h spowodował znaczący spadek emisji NOx.

15

Preprocessing symulacji numerycznej procesów spalania w pojedynczej komorze silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym

Kosma Z., Kalbarczyk R., Piechnik B., Różycki A.

Logistyka

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2011

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nr 6

PL

Praca przedstawia zagadnienia związane z preprocessingiem procesów spalania w silniku o zapłonie samoczynnym. Jest to pierwszy etap prac związanych z analizą numeryczną silnika diesla zasilanego dwupaliwowo. Prezentowany jest sposób realizacji preprocessingu. Do generowania siatek zostało użyte oprogramowanie firmy Ansys. Nakreślono sposób generowania siatek dynamicznych dla zmiennej geometrii.

EN

The paper presents issues related to preprocessing combustion engine ignition. This is the first stage of work on the numerical analysis of the bi-fuel powered diesel engine. Presented method is an implementation of preprocessing. Grids were generated with Ansys software. It presents how to generate dynamic meshes for variable geometry.

16

Heat release characteristics in combustion chamber of CI engine

Jankowski A., Lagowski P., Slezak M.

Journal of KONES

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2010

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Vol. 17, No. 3

155-164

EN

On the basis of the internal heat balance of CI engine with direct fuel injection, the quantity of heat transported during the combustion process from the combustion zone was determined. The real indicator diagrams are the bases for determination of the heat release Characteristics during the combustion process and making up of the internal heat balance. These diagrams were worked out for the engine fuelled with diesel oil for three sets of the injection timing and for work of the engine according to the full load engine Characteristics, and the load Characteristics taken at the engine speedb for the maximum engine torque. Tests with the three different injection timing were carried out. Tests with the load characteristics of the compression-igniting engine for five values of the power were carried out. The pressure in the cylinder of the engine during combustion process was recorded by means of liąuid cooled a piezo-electric quartz sensor with a load amplifier. Characteristics of heat release depended on the composition, temperature and the mol quantity of the working charge in the cylinder during the combustion process. Characteristics of the heat release were determined with the use of the novel calculation program. The program was worked out by authors at the assumption that the process of complete combustion was finished at the moment of the opening of the engine exhaust valve. For purpose of simplification calculation of the quantity of heat lost into the cooling system, the radiation, dissociation and incomplete combustion, were assumed to change during the combustion process in a linear way.

17

Analiza procesu atomizacji zawiesinowego paliwa węglowo-wodnego

Kijo - Kleczkowska A.

Energetyka

|

2010

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nr 5

313-320

PL

Technologia spalania suspensji węglowo-wodnych (w-w) stwarza szereg nowych możliwości organizacji procesu spalania spełniającego współczesne wymagania, m.in. w dziedzinie ochrony środowiska. Dlatego też niezbędna jest wszechstronna analiza możliwości technicznego zastosowania węgla jako paliwa energetycznego w formie zawiesiny. Doskonalenie pracy kotłów służących do spalania paliw zawiesinowych wymaga zapoznania się z szeregiem procesów towarzyszących zachowaniu się i spalaniu suspensji węglowo-wodnych, które w dotychczasowych badaniach nie zostały dostatecznie wyjaśnione. Celem opisanych badań była analiza zachowania się zawiesinowych paliw węglowo-wodnych w różnych warunkach.

EN

Combustion technology of coal-water suspensions (CWS) creates many new possibilities in combustion process organization meeting all present-day requirements - among other things, in the sphere of environment protection. That is why the comprehensive analysis, concerning technical possibility to apply coal as an energetic fuel in the form of suspension, is necessary. Improvement in the work of CWS-fired boilers needs to get acquainted with many processes, accompanying the behaviour and combustion of CWS, that have not yet been sufficiently cleared up. The aim of described investigations is to analyse the behaviour of CWS in various conditions.

18

Redukcja stężenia NOx z zastosowaniem metod pierwotnych w procesach spalania gazu ziemnego

Kuźnia M., Wilk M., Magdziarz A.

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2010

|

R. 41, nr 2

8-11

PL

Światowy kryzys finansowy i recesja w 2008 roku decydująco wpłynęły na perspektywy rozwoju rynków energii. Zaobserwowano gwałtowny spadek zużycia energii wynoszący nawet 2% w 2009 roku. Mimo zaistniałej sytuacji paliwa kopalne nadal pozostają dominującym źródłem energii pierwotnej na świecie w prognozach energetycznych, stanowiąc ponad 3/4 całkowitego wzrostu zużycia energii między 2009-2030 rokiem [1]. Prognozuje się, że najwięcej wzrośnie zużycie węgla kamiennego, a następnie gazu ziemnego oraz ropy. W tym okresie największą popularnością prawdopodobnie cieszyć się będzie produkcja niekonwencjonalnego gazu, m.in. otrzymywanego w procesie przerobu łupków. Sytuacja taka spowoduje wysokie zainteresowanie technologiami, związanymi ze spalaniem gazu ziemnego, a szczególnie technikami niskoemisyjnego spalania. W wysokiej temperaturze (ok. 1300 ÷ 1400°C) podstawowym niekorzystnym produktem spalania gazu ziemnego są tlenki azotu NOx.

19

The Use of Computer Programs for the Numerical Modelling of Combustion Processes and Gas Dynamics in Heating Furnaces

Adamczuk M., Radomiak H.

Archivum Combustionis

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2010

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Vol. 30 nr 4

451-458

EN

In this day and age of computers and advanced computational techniques the analyzed process can be studied not only experimentally on material model in laboratory or exploitation process but also analytically on a mathematical model. In an analytic way we can study the influence of different parameters e.g. the temperature on the considered process for many different combinations of values. The computer simulations help and make it possible to carry out complex experiments and the scientific research, the analysis of phenomena difficult to observe or impossible to realize in normal conditions. This article presents possibilities for the numerical modelling of combustion processes and gas dynamics in heating furnaces. The chemistry of the combustion process was modelled using the software the newest version of CHEMKIN program, namely CHEMKIN-PRO CHEMKIN, while the flue gas flow dynamics in the combustion chamber was modelled with the COMSOL MULTHIPHISIC software.

20

Research of Combustion and Co-Combustion Processes of Combustible Substances and Their Influence on Emissivity of Formed Fuels

Wandrasz A. J.

Archivum Combustionis

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2010

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Vol. 30 nr 4

497-506

EN

Development of municipal and industrial waste processing technology resulted in more attention focused on waste as a source of resources and energy. In the last 10 years, a growing interest in waste as a potential source of energy has resulted in further development of processing technologies and, as a consequence, thermal reuse of them. Each fuel produced with use of combustible waste substances and fossil fuels should be used in a particular process. To qualify such fuel for the process, it should undergo a measurement process which should take into consideration all necessary experimental methods. Naturally, the research process does not only involve the produced fuel but also each combustible substance that is a potential ingredient of such a compound. The most important aspect of such research is emission of produced combustible mixtures in particular combustion environment or research on processes that involve use of combustible substances considered to be waste. Such substances can be, for example: rubber granulate, meat and bone meal not used as feed but considered to be bio-fuel, organic waste (agricultural, forestry and municipal greenfield waste, etc.), combustible fractions of municipal, industrial and other types of waste.